Nervous System In Women Research Articles

Allergic manifestations in women with silicone breast implants

IntroductionSilicone breast implants (SBI) result in immune dysregulation and are associated with autoimmune diseases. Recently, we reported dysregulated levels of IgG autoantibodies directed against G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the autonomic nervous system which were linked to the autoimmune dysautonomia in silicone breast implant illness (SBII). AimsWe aimed to explore the possible association between allergy with dysregulated IgE autoantibodies directed against GPCRs of the autonomic nervous system in women with SBI. MethodsCirculating levels of IgE autoantibodies against GPCRs of the autonomic nervous system (adrenergic, muscarinic, endothelin and angiotensin receptors) have been evaluated in women with SBIs who complained of allergic symptoms, and compared to subjects with SBI without allergic manifestations and to age-matched healthy women without SBI. ResultsWe report a significant dysregulation in three circulating autoantibodies: IgE-beta1 adrenergic receptor (B1AR), IgE-alpha 1 adrenergic receptor (A1AR) and IgE-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor type 1 (M1R) autoantibodies in women with SBI who complained of allergic symptoms. ConclusionsAllergic reactions associated with SBI are not uncommon. Imbalance of circulating levels of IgE autoantibodies against GPCRs of the autonomic nervous system might play a role not only in allergic reactions, but also in other enigmatic aspects of SBII such as autoimmune dysautonomia.

Delayed Pathology of the Nervous System in Women Exposed to Radioactive Iodine During Pregnancy and their Children

Delayed Pathology of the Nervous System in Women Exposed to Radioactive Iodine During Pregnancy and their Children

Cause-specific excess mortality after hip fracture: the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS)

BackgroundInformation on cause of death may help appraise the degree to which the high excess mortality after hip fracture reflects pre-existing comorbidities or the injury itself. We aimed to describe causes of death and cause-specific excess mortality through the first year after hip fracture.MethodsFor studying the distribution of causes of death by time after hip fracture, we calculated age-adjusted cause-specific mortality at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months in patients hospitalized with hip fracture in Norway 1999–2016. Underlying causes of death were obtained from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and grouped by the European Shortlist for Causes of Death. For estimating excess mortality, we performed flexible parametric survival analyses comparing mortality hazard in patients with hip fracture (2002–2017) with that of age- and sex matched controls drawn from the Population and Housing Census 2001.ResultsOf 146,132 Norwegians with a first hip fracture, a total of 35,498 (24.3%) died within one year. By 30 days post-fracture, external causes (mainly the fall causing the fracture) were the underlying cause for 53.8% of deaths, followed by circulatory diseases (19.8%), neoplasms (9.4%), respiratory diseases (5.7%), mental and behavioural disorders (2.0%) and diseases of the nervous system (1.3%). By one-year post-fracture, external causes and circulatory diseases together accounted for approximately half of deaths (26.1% and 27.0%, respectively). In the period 2002–2017, cause-specific one-year relative mortality hazard in hip fracture patients vs. population controls ranged from 1.5 for circulatory diseases to 2.5 for diseases of the nervous system in women, and correspondingly, from 2.4 to 5.3 in men.ConclusionsHip fractures entail high excess mortality from all major causes of death. However, the traumatic injury of a hip fracture is the most frequently reported underlying cause of death among older patients who survive less than one year after their fracture.

Structural and metabolic changes in the central nervous system in women with HIV/HCV co-infection

The purpose statement is to study the medical and social status and radiological changes in the CNS in women of reproductive age with HIV/HCV co-infection.Materials and methods. The main group (n=36) consisted of patients with HIV/HCV and co-infection. The comparison group (n=36) consisted of women infected with HIV only. Within the framework of this study, clinical, laboratory (general clinical, biochemical, immunological, virological), and instrumental methods of research were used. All women with HIV/HCV and coinfection underwent indirect liver elastometry. The list of radiation research methods included PET/CT with FDG and MRI of the brain. Statistical processing and comparison of the results was carried out using MS Excel 2010 and GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, Inc., USA) in accordance with the standards of mathematical statistics. The criterion of statistical significance of the findings was the value of p<0.01. Results and discussion. According to the criteria for inclusion in the study, patients in the comparison groups had an acceptable level of social adaptation, satisfactory indicators of the immune status, in 2⁄3 cases they achieved virological suppression against the background of antiretroviral therapy. HCV RNA was detected in 25 women (69.4%), pronounced manifestations of fibrotic changes in the liver were found in 6 (12.8%) patients. Radiation studies of the CNS revealed structural changes in 1⁄3 of cases, disorders of glucose metabolism of various localizations in all women with HIV/CHC. In patients with co-infection, compared with women infected with HIV, hypometabolism of glucose in various parts of the brain is significantly more often detected. Conclusion. As a result of a comprehensive clinical and neuroimaging examination, certain changes in the metabolic function of the brain were identified, which are characteristic of women with HIV/HCV co-infection. The use of PET/CT with FDG in some cases makes it possible to detect preclinical signs of VANR, as well as possible early manifestations of neurological disorders. Key words: human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis C, HCV, chronic hepatitis C, CHC, women of reproductive age, central nervous system, PET, MRI, structural changes, metabolic disorders>˂ 0.01.Results and discussion. According to the criteria for inclusion in the study, patients in the comparison groups had an acceptable level of social adaptation, satisfactory indicators of the immune status, in 2⁄3 cases they achieved virological suppression against the background of antiretroviral therapy. HCV RNA was detected in 25 women (69.4%), pronounced manifestations of fibrotic changes in the liver were found in 6 (12.8%) patients. Radiation studies of the CNS revealed structural changes in 1⁄3 of cases, disorders of glucose metabolism of various localizations in all women with HIV/CHC. In patients with co-infection, compared with women infected with HIV, hypometabolism of glucose in various parts of the brain is significantly more often detected.Conclusion. As a result of a comprehensive clinical and neuroimaging examination, certain changes in the metabolic function of the brain were identified, which are characteristic of women with HIV/HCV co-infection. The use of PET/CT with FDG in some cases makes it possible to detect preclinical signs of VANR, as well as possible early manifestations of neurological disorders.

Menstrual attitude and social cognitive stress influence autonomic nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated by stress and is closely related to the female menstrual cycle. Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have an imbalanced ANS response in their premenstrual period. However, no studies have explored the reasons for the differences in ANS response among women. In this study, we investigated how the female menstrual attitude and acute social stress influence the ANS response in women with PMS. First, 277 women [24.35 ± 2.1] were selected to measure the mediating role of women’s menstrual attitude between PMS severity and perceived ANS response. Second, participants’ (50 women [23.23 ± 1.25] with and 46 women [22.92 ± 2.00] without PMS) heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV; reflecting the functioning of ANS) under social stress were measured during various menstrual cycle phases. The results indicated that menstrual attitude (bothersome and predictable) had mediating effects between the degree of PMS and perceived ANS response; when undergoing a high cognitive load (e.g. mental-arithmetic) task, the ANS of the PMS group demonstrated hypo-arousal and delayed recovery in the late luteal phase; Therefore, menstrual attitude could influence female perceived ANS response, which may be a risk factor for PMS. When women with PMS experience high-strength cognitive pressure in the premenstrual period, their ANS showed hypo-arousal and delayed recovery, which may be another risk factor for PMS.

Disorders of the eye, ear, skin, and nervous system in women with Turner syndrome -a nationwide cohort study.

The literature about eye, ear, nose, skin, and nervous system disorders in women with Turner syndrome is equivocal. Impaired vision and hearing in women with Turner syndrome have been described, and case reports of Turner syndrome girls suffering from epilepsy have been published, but no large population-based-studies have explored the occurrence of any of these disorders. We aimed to investigate the risk of admission with disorders related to the eye, ear, nose, skin, and nervous system, compared with background females, and the impact of hormone replacement therapy on these conditions. 1,156 females with TS diagnosed during 1960-2014 were identified using the Danish Cytogenetic Central Registry and linked with personal-level data from the National Patient Registry and the Medication Statistics Registry. Statistics Denmark randomly identified 115,577 age-matched background females. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze hospital discharge diagnoses, reporting incidence rate ratios (IRR). Women with Turner syndrome have an increased risk of developing eye disorders (IRR 4.3 (95% CI 3.5-5.4), including cataract, glaucoma, ocular movement, and accommodation. The risk of ear disorders (IRR 35.0 (27.9-43.9)) and nose (IRR 2.2 (1.4-3.6)) was increased in women with Turner syndrome, due to otitis media, cholesteatoma, and hearing loss. Disorders of the nervous system such as epilepsy were increased IRR 6.2 (2.4-15.9), along with skin conditions IRR 2.2 (95%CI 1.7-2.7) like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and ingrown nails.

Biological mechanisms underlying the liver's regulation of emotions in women: A study using the Trier Social Stress Test

Abstract Objective Research on the biological mechanisms by which the liver controls dispersion and regulates emotion usually focuses on psychological stress. This study investigated the biological mechanisms underlying the liver's regulation of emotion using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Differences in subjective stress, subjective emotion, and physiological responses were examined between healthy women (Group A) and depressed women with liver qi stagnation syndrome (Group B). Method Subjects were 72 women who met the inclusion criteria after physical examination. The EPQ-RSC, BAI, and BDI-21 were used to assess personality and emotion. Subjects completed a 5-point scale to measure subjective stress. Heart rate and heart rate variability were measured. To measure changes in activity of the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC-NE)/autonomic nervous system and the HPA axis, saliva samples were collected at the end of the rest and preparation periods, and 5 time pionts after the TSST task. The PAD Emotion Scale was completed at 4 time points before and after the TSST task. Saliva cortisol was tested. These indexes were compared between the two groups. Results There were 33 subjects in Group A and 39 subjects in Group B. Subjects in Group B had lower levels of stress, pleasure, and dominance, but higher arousal (after the task: P Conclusion In relation to mood, the liver's regulation of emotion mainly affects negative emotional experience and the sense of control. Regarding the biological mechanisms underlying the liver's regulation of emotion, the activity of the LC-NE/autonomic nervous system in women is more obvious in response to psychological stress when the dispersion of the liver is normal. The activity of the HPA axis in women is more obvious in response to psychological stress when the dispersion of the liver is abnormal.

Comparison of Maturity of Central Nervous System in Women and Teens Primiparas and Nuligravida

Comparison of Maturity of Central Nervous System in Women and Teens Primiparas and Nuligravida

Activation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and sympathetic nervous system in women with carpal tunnel syndrome.

The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in salivary cortisol (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical [HPA] axis), α-amylase activity (sympathetic nervous system [SNS]), and immunoglobulin A (IgA; immune system) concentrations between women with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and healthy women. A cross-sectional study. Activation of HPA, SNS, and immune system in CTS has not been clearly determined. One hundred two women (age: 45 ± 7 years) with electrodiagnostic and clinical diagnosis of CTS and 102 matched healthy women. The intensity of the pain was assessed with a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (0-10), and disability was determined with Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Salivary cortisol concentration, α-amylase activity, salivary flow rate, and IgA concentration were collected from nonstimulated saliva. Women with CTS exhibited lower salivary flow rate (P < 0.001) and higher α-amylase activity (P < 0.01) than controls. No significant differences for cortisol and IgA concentrations (P > 0.2) were found between groups as a total. Women with severe CTS exhibited lower salivary flow rate (P < 0.001), higher α-amylase activity (P = 0.002), and higher cortisol concentration (P = 0.03) than healthy women and than those with minimal/moderate CTS (P < 0.05). Within women with CTS, significant positive associations between α-amylase activity and the intensity of pain were found: the highest the level of pain, the higher the α-amylase activity, i.e., higher SNS activation. These results suggest that women with severe CTS exhibit changes in activation in the HPA axis and SNS but not in the humoral immune system. Activation of the SNS was associated with the intensity of pain. Future studies are needed to elucidate the direction of this relationship.

Interstitial Cystitis - Elucidation of Psychophysiologic and Autonomic Characteristics (the ICEPAC Study): design and methods.

Background and purposeInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is relatively common and associated with severe pain, yet effective treatment remains elusive. Research typically emphasized the bladder’s role, but given the high presence of systemic comorbidities, the authors hypothesized a pathophysiologic nervous system role. This paper reports the methodology and approach to study the nervous system in women with IC/BPS. The study compares neurologic, urologic, gynecologic, autonomic, gastrointestinal, and psychological features of women with IC/BPS, their female relatives, women with myofascial pelvic pain (MPP), and healthy controls to elucidate the role of central and peripheral processing.Methods and resultsIn total, 228 women (76 IC/BPS, 76 MPP, 38 family members, and 38 healthy controls) will be recruited. Subjects undergo detailed screening, structured neurologic examination of limbs and pelvis, tender point examination, autonomic testing, electrogastrography, and assessment of comorbid functional dysautonomias. Interpreters are blinded to subject classification. Psychological and stress response characteristics are examined with assessments of stress, trauma history, general psychological function, and stress response quantification. As of December 2012, data collection is completed for 25 healthy controls, 33 IC/BPS ± MPP, eight MPP, and three family members. Recruitment rate is accelerating and strategies emphasize maintaining and encouraging investigator participation in study science, internet advertising, and presentations to pelvic pain support groups.ConclusionThe study represents a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to sampling autonomic and psychophysiologic characteristics of women with IC/BPS. Despite divergent opinions on study methodologies based on specialty experiences, the study has proven feasible to date and different perspectives have proved to be one of the greatest study strengths.

Effect of Yoga on Heart Rate Variability in Women with Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between yoga and autonomic nervous system in women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A randomized controlled study was performed in participants recruited from a public center for managing chronic diseases located in Gyeong-gi Province. The 39 women participants diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to the 12-week yoga exercise group (n=22) or the wait-listed control group (n=17). Biochemical laboratory tests and heart rate variability were measured before and after the 12-week program. Results: In post-menopausal women, the low frequency power of frequency domain significantly decreased in the yoga exercise group compared to the control group (P=0.07). On the time domain of heart rate variability and metabolic syndrome components, there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Sympathetic activity was decreased in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome who practiced yoga. Our results suggest that yoga might be beneficial in improving the autonomic nervous system in post-menopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Korean J Health Promot 2014;14(4):147-154

Intake of trans fatty acids from partially hydrogenated vegetable and fish oils and ruminant fat in relation to cancer risk

Intake of trans fatty acids (TFA) may influence systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and adiposity, but whether TFA intake influences cancer risk is insufficiently studied. We examined the association between TFA intake from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO-TFA), partially hydrogenated fish oils (PHFO-TFA), and ruminant fat (rTFA) and cancer risk in the Norwegian counties study, a large cohort study with a participation rate >80%. TFA intake was assessed three times in 1974-1988 by questionnaire. A total of 77,568 men and women were followed up through 2007, during which time 12,004 cancer cases occurred. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with Cox regression for cancer sites with ≥150 cases during follow-up. Significantly increased or decreased risks were found when comparing the highest and lowest intake categories (HRs, 95% CIs) for PHVO-TFA and pancreatic cancer in men (0.52, 0.31-0.87) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in both genders (0.70, 0.50-0.98); PHFO-TFA and rectal cancer (1.43, 1.09-1.88), prostate cancer (0.82, 0.69-0.96), and multiple myeloma (2.02, 1.24-3.28); and rTFA and all cancers (1.09, 1.02-1.16), cancer of the mouth/pharynx (1.59, 1.08-2.35), NHL (1.47, 1.06-2.04) and multiple myeloma (0.45, 0.24-0.84). Furthermore, positive trends were found for PHFO-TFA and stomach cancer (p(trend) = 0.01) and rTFA and postmenopausal breast cancer (p(trend) = 0.03). Inverse trends were found for PHVO-TFA and all cancers (p(trend) = 0.006) and cancer of the central nervous system in women (p(trend) = 0.005). PHFO-TFA, but not PHVO-TFA, seemed to increase cancer risk. The increased risks observed for rTFA may be linked to saturated fat.

Asymptomatic leukocyturia and the autonomic nervous system in women

The present study sought to investigate the relationship between asymptomatic leukocyturia (ASL) and autonomic nervous function by power spectral analysis of the R-R intervals in women. One hundred and forty-two female outpatients aged 23-91 years were studied. We regarded ASL to be present if two consecutive samples were found to have 10 or more leukocytes/high-power field at x400 magnification in a centrifuged midstream urine sample. The R-R intervals of all subjects were measured by the wavelet transform analysis system. This system detected R-R variation data distributed in two bands: low-frequency power (LF) (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency power (HF) (0.15-0.40 Hz). The ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF) was also determined. Post-void residual urine volume was measured using an automated, compact 3-D ultrasound device. The patients with ASL had diabetes mellitus more frequently than those without ASL. Residual urine volume was significantly higher in the former than in the latter, while the HF values in both a recumbent position and a standing position were significantly lower in the former than in the latter (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in LF or LF/HF values in either a recumbent or a standing position between the two groups. The HF values in both a recumbent position and in a standing position were independent indicators of ASL, even after adjustment for age, diabetes mellitus and residual urine volume. The present study reveals the relationship between ASL and impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system in women.

Increased blood pressure response to the cold pressor test in pregnant women developing pre-eclampsia.

Recent data indicate an increased vascular reactivity due to an overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in women with pre-eclampsia. We therefore evaluated whether this increased vascular reactivity can be detected prior to the clinical manifestation of preeclampsia by the use of a physiological stimulus. Prospective data collection. Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a 2000 bed tertiary care hospital. One hundred and twenty-three pregnant women between the 16th to 20th week of gestation. A cold pressor test was performed by positioning an ice-bag on the forehead of the woman for 3 min. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored by a continuous, noninvasive blood pressure measurement device during the stimulus and after removal of the icebag. A clinical follow-up was carried out by review of the charts after delivery to identify those women who have developed pre-eclampsia. Ten (8%) out of 123 pregnant women developed pre-eclampsia. During the cold pressor test systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure increased significantly and was more pronounced in women developing pre-eclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women (systolic blood pressure: 14.2 +/- 5.5 versus 8.5 +/- 7.2 mmHg, P= 0.02; diastolic blood pressure: 7.3 +/- 4.9 versus 3.9 +/- 4.7 mmHg, P=0.03). The change in heart rate was similar between both groups (8 +/- 2.6 versus 10.4 +/- 6.4 beats/min, not significant). An increased vasoconstrictive response to a physiological stimulus is present in women with pre-eclampsia as a sign of an increased vascular reactivity prior to clinical manifestation of the disease. The cold pressor test may be a suitable diagnostic tool to identify women, who will develop pre-eclampsia. However, future studies in larger cohorts are required to establish the final value of this test.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and its relationship to the autonomic nervous system in women with visceral and subcutaneous obesity: Effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor/arginine-vasopressin test and of stress

In a previous study, we demonstrated that premenopausal women with visceral obesity have hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, characterized by an exaggerated hormone response to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation. The hypothalamic peptide flow that stimulates the pituitary, particularly after a physiological stress challenge, involves not only CRF, but also arginine-vasopressin (AVP), which synergizes the CRF capacity to stimulate pituitary hormone secretion. Previous studies in humans have demonstrated that combining AVP with CRF permits maximal stimulation of the pituitary, providing a more appropriate method of assessing pituitary hormone reserve. We therefore investigated the response of the HPA axis to combined CRF and AVP stimuli in obese women with different obesity phenotypes. Moreover, we examined hormonal and cardiovascular responses to several mental stress tasks, according to previously standardized procedures. Two groups of age-matched premenopausal eumenorrheic obese women with visceral (V-BFD) or subcutaneous (S-BFD) body fat distribution and a group of normal-weight healthy controls were investigated. All women randomly underwent the following protocol: (1) a combined CRF/AVP test (100 μg plus 0.3 IU intravenously [IV], respectively); (2) a standardized stress test, which consisted of completing two puzzles and a mental arithmetic test; and (3) a control saline test. Blood samples for ACTH and cortisol determinations were obtained before and during each test, and measurements of arterial blood pressure and pulse rate were made at regular intervals during the stress test. After combined CRF/AVP administration, ACTH and cortisol were significantly higher in V-BFD than in the other two groups. In contrast, no significant hormonal variation was found in either group during stress tasks. During the stress test, pulse rate (but not arterial blood pressure) significantly increased after 8 and 15 minutes in the V-BFD group, whereas no significant variation was found in S-BFD and control women. A significant correlation was present between the pulse rate and change in cortisol level during the stress test at minutes 8 ( r = .54, P < .05) and 15 ( r = .57, P < .01) in all women considered together. Subjective emotional involvement during stressful tasks was measured by a two-dimensional short verbal scale, which revealed that the stress section had a more significant impact in obese V-BFD than in S-BFD and control women. These data therefore confirm that women with visceral obesity have hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and that the combined CRF/AVP stimulation may offer a good tool for investigating pituitary reserve in this obesity phenotype. Moreover, the results indicate that these women probably have a hyperreactive sympathetic response to acute stress that seems interrelated to that of the HPA axis.

Recent Literature Functional Disorders of the Nervous System in Women . By T. J. McGillicuddy, A.M., M.D. 8vo, pp. vi, 334. With 34 illustrations, 12 charts and 2 chromo-lithographic plates. New York: Wm. Wood &amp; Co. 1896.

Recent Literature Functional Disorders of the Nervous System in Women . By T. J. McGillicuddy, A.M., M.D. 8vo, pp. vi, 334. With 34 illustrations, 12 charts and 2 chromo-lithographic plates. New York: Wm. Wood &amp; Co. 1896.