Nerve Sheath Diameter In Patients Research Articles

Correlation between cerebral biomarkers and optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with severe preeclampsia

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the correlation between plasma cerebral biomarkers (S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)) and ultrasonographic optic-nerve-sheath-diameter (ONSD) in preeclampsia. Methods: Thirty preeclampsia patients and 27 controls were included. Mann-Whitney-U test was used for comparison of S100B, NSE, and ONSD in preeclampsia vs. controls. Kendall’s tau was used to assess the correlation between biomarkers and ONSD (p < 0.05 significant). Results: ONSD, S100B and NSE were significantly higher in preeclampsia (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, and p < 0.001, respectively). There was significant correlation between NSE levels and ONSD: Kendall’s tau = 0.26; p = 0.01. Conclusions: S100B and NSE are elevated in severe preeclampsia. NSE correlates with increased ONSD suggesting cerebral edema.

Ultrasonic Assessment of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients at Risk of Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction: A Preliminary Report.

Sepsis-associated brain dysfunction (SABD) with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a complex pathology that can lead to unfavorable outcome. Ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is used for non-invasive assessment of ICP. We aimed to assess the role of ONSD as a SABD screening tool. This prospective preliminary study covered 10 septic shock patients (5 men; aged 65, IQR 50–78 years). ONSD was measured bilaterally from day 1 to 10 (n = 1), until discharge (n = 3) or death (n = 6). The upper limit for ONSD was set at 5.7 mm. Sequential organ failure assessment score was calculated on a daily basis as a surrogate formulti-organ failure due to sepsis in the study population. On day 1, the medians of right and left ONSD were 5.56 (IQR 5.35–6.30) mm and 5.68 (IQR 5.50–6.10) mm, respectively, and four subjects had bilaterally elevated ONSD. Forty-nine out of 80 total measurements performed (61%) exceeded 5.7 mm during the study period. We found no correlations between ONSD and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) during the study period (right: R = −0.13–0.63; left R = −0.24–0.63). ONSD measurement should be applied for screening of SABD cautiously. Further research is needed to investigate the exact role of this non-invasive method in the assessment of brain dysfunction in these patients.

Postoperative Changes in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery

Postoperative Changes in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery

Changes in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery in the Prone Position

Changes in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery in the Prone Position

The measurement of ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with hyperglycemia

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with several complications in its acute and chronic stages. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the treatment-associated changes in optic nerve sheath diameter in patients admitted to the emergency department due to one of the acute hyperglycemic complications of diabetes mellitus. Materials and method: Diabetic patients with serum glucose levels of 250 mg/dL or higher were included in the study. Healthy volunteers were included in the control group. Optic nerve sheath diameter was measured at 0th hour and at the end of the second hour. Blood samples were collected simultaneously with optic nerve sheath diameter measurements. Results: The study included 100 individuals. Group 1 included 50 patients and Group 2 included 50 healthy adults. Optic nerve sheath diameter was 4.5 ± 0.4 mm in Group 1 and 4.4 ± 0.5 mm in Group 2 in 0th hour, and no statistical difference was found between the groups (p = 0.162). In Group 1, optic nerve sheath diameter increased 0.6 ± 0.4 mm after the treatment. Of the patients in Group 1, 22 (44%) patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state were assigned to Group 1A and 28 (56%) patients with isolated hyperglycemia were assigned to Group 1B. There was not a difference between the pre- and post-treatment optic nerve sheath diameter values of the patients in Group 1A and Group 1B. Optic nerve sheath diameter was observed to enlarge after treatment. The difference in optic nerve sheath diameter was 0.6 ± 0.4 mm in Group 1A and 0.5 ± 0.4 mm in Group 1B (p = 0.294). Conclusion: Pre-treatment optic nerve sheath diameter values of the patients who were diagnosed with one of the acute hyperglycemic complications of diabetes mellitus are not different from healthy adults. Furthermore, optic nerve sheath diameter values do not change with the severity of the disease. However, optic nerve sheath diameter values change with treatment. For this reason, optic nerve sheath diameter can be used to following the development of brain edema.

Prognostic Value of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients after Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Prognostic Value of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients after Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

The prognostic value of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

BackgroundWe evaluated the role of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using brain computed tomography (CT) in predicting neurological outcomes of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study of adult patients with SAH admitted between January 2012 and June 2017. Initial brain CT was performed within 12 h from onset of SAH, and follow-up brain CT was performed within 24 h from treatment of a ruptured aneurysm. Primary outcome was neurological status at 6-month follow-up assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS, 1 to 5).ResultsAmong 223 SAH patients, 202 (90.6%) survived until discharge. Of these survivors, 186 (83.4%) manifested favorable neurological outcomes (GOS of 3, 4, or 5). In this study, the ONSDs in the group of patients with poor neurological outcome were significantly greater than those in the favorable neurological outcome group (all p < 0.01). Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored in 21 (9.4%) patients during the follow-up CT. A linear correlation existed between the average ONSD and ICP in simple correlation analysis (r = 0.525, p = 0.036). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of poor neurological outcome showed that ONSD had considerable predictive value (C-statistics, 0.735 to 0.812). In addition, the performance of a composite of Hunt and Hess grade and ONSD was increasingly associated with poor neurological outcomes than the use of each marker alone.ConclusionsONSD measured with CT may be used in combination with clinical grading scales to improve prognostic accuracy in SAH patients.

Evaluation of the Effect on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section

Evaluation of the Effect on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section

The Prognostic Value of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients with Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhages

The Prognostic Value of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients with Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhages

Changes in intraocular pressure and optic nerve sheath diameter in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy in steep 45\xb0 Trendelenburg position

BackgroundTo evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracerebral pressure (ICP) reflected by the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in permanent 45° steep Trendelenburg position (STP).MethodsFifty-one patients undergoing RALP under a standardised anaesthesia. IOP was perioperatively measured in awake patients (T0) and IOP and ONSD 20 min after induction of anaesthesia (T1), after insufflation of the abdomen in supine position (T2), after 30 min in STP (T3), when controlling Santorini’s plexus in STP (T4) and before awakening while supine (T5). We investigated the influence of respiratory and circulatory parameters as well as patient-specific and time-dependent factors on IOP and ONSD.ResultsAverage IOP values (mmHg) were T0 = 19.9, T1 = 15.9, T2 = 20.1, T3 = 30.7, T4 = 33.9 and T5 = 21.8. IOP was 14.0 ± 7.47 mmHg (mean ± SD) higher at T4 than T0 (p = 0.013). Univariate mixed effects models showed peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to be significant predictors for IOP increase. Mean ONSD values (mm) were T1 = 5.88, T2 = 6.08, T3 = 6.07, T4 = 6.04 and T5 = 5.96. The ONSD remained permanently >6.0 mm during RALP. Patients aged <63 years showed a 0.21 mm wider ONSD on average (p = 0.017) and greater variations in diameter than older patients.ConclusionsThe combination of STP and capnoperitoneum during RALP has a pronounced influence on IOP and, to a lesser degree, on ICP. IOP is directly correlated with increasing PIP and MAP. IOP doubled and the ONSD rose to values indicating increased intracranial pressure. Differences in the ONSD were age-related, showing higher output values as well as better autoregulation and compliance in STP for patients aged <63 years. Despite several ocular changes during RALP, visual function was not significantly impaired postoperatively.Trial registrationZ-2014-0387-6. Registered 8 July 2014.

Measuring changes in the optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a useful diagnostic supplement to spinal tap tests.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal improves clinical symptoms of many patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of changes in the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) with patient responses to CSF removal. Transorbital ultrasonography was performed to obtain ONSD measurements in 31 patients with iNPH before and after lumbar puncture. Measurements were obtained while patients were supine and upright. Changes in the ONSD between supine and upright positions [ONSD variability (ONSD-V)] were assessed and compared with those in 60 healthy volunteers. ONSD-V was correlated with relative changes in a validated iNPH severity (Boon) score. Mean pre-puncture ONSD-V was significantly lower in healthy volunteers and patients with no response to CSF removal (Fisher test) [0.05 ± 0.14 mm (SD)] than in responsive patients [0.37 ± 0.20 mm (SD), P < 0.001]. ONSD-V predicted response to the spinal tap test (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.75 mm, P = 0.011). The higher the ONSD-V, the better the therapeutic effect (χ2 = 14.980, P < 0.001). The post-spinal tap test ONSD-V correlated significantly with clinical severity in the motor portion of the Boon score [0.16 ± 0.23 mm (SD), P = 0.003]. The ONSD-V before and after spinal tap test correlated well with the clinical effects of CSF removal. Transorbital ultrasonography seems to be a reliable, safe add-on to the Fisher test and may support selection of patients for shunt intervention.

EHMTI-0385. Dynamic ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with orthostatic headaches: a new diagnostic tool in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension

Objective Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) caused by cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents with orthostatic headache. We hypothesize that positional changes, i.e. a decrease of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) occur from supine to upright position in symptomatic patients with orthostatic headaches. We performed an ultrasound study investigating whether there are positional changes in ONSD in symptomatic patients suffering orthostatic headaches. Methods Dynamic ultrasound was performed in 44 consecutive patients with suspected SIH. In 18 patients the leading symptom was orthostatic headaches (Group A:10 men, 8 women; mean age 51.9 years), while 26 patients did not suffer from acute orthostatic headaches (Group B: 15 men, 11 women; mean age 61.9 years). Results In supine position ONSD were similar in both groups (A: mean 0.538 vs. B: 0.539cm; p = 0.957). In the upright position mean ONSD was significantly smaller in patients with orthostatic headaches (mean 0.484 ± SD 0.095cm) as compared to patients without (0.549 ± SD 0.097cm, p = 0.036). Patients with orthostatic headaches showed a larger change of ONSD from supine to upright position (mean -0.053 ± SD 0.034cm) compared to patients without orthostatic headaches (0.005 ± SD 0.038cm, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion In this series significant changes of ONSD occurred during dynamic measurement from supine to upright patient position only in patients with acute orthostatic headaches. We call this method of comparing supine and subsequent upright ONSD “dynamic assessment of the optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasound”. Transorbital dynamic ultrasound may become a useful, novel, non-invasive diagnostic tool for patients with orthostatic headaches. No conflict of interest.

Effect of Osmotherapy on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients with Increased Intracranial Pressure

The measurement of ocular nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) via ocular ultrasound scanning is a recent non-invasive method for intracranial pressure (ICP) assessment. Few clinical studies have assessed ONSD variations during osmotherapy for the treatment of sustained increased ICP episodes. The aim of our study was to determine the rate of ONSD variation after mannitol administration for increased ICP episodes. We consecutively included in a prospective, observational study, the patients who had severe acute brain injury and monitored with an invasive ICP monitor. For each episode of sustained elevated ICP, the ONSD was measured in the right and left eye with a 7.5-MHz echography probe, and the mean value was reported. Simultaneously, ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were recorded. All measurements were performed just before and 20 minutes following a 20% mannitol infusion. Data were expressed as medians and interquartile ranges. Thirteen patients were included and analysed (traumatic brain injury, n=10; subarachnoid haemorrhage, n=3). The median value of the mannitol dose infused was 0.54 g/kg (0.49-0.80 g/kg). In all cases, the ONSD was greater than 5.8 mm before osmotherapy. The ONSD significantly decreased after mannitol infusion from 6.3 (6.1-6.7) to 5. mm (5.5-6.3) (p=0.0007). Concomitantly, the intracranial pressure decreased from 35 (32-41) to 25 (22-29) mmHg (p=0.001) and the CPP increased from 47 (50-60) to 66 (59-69) mmHg (p=0.003). The variations of ONSD appear to be an interesting parameter to evaluate the efficacy of osmotherapy for elevated ICP episodes in patients with acute brain injury.

Intraocular pressure correlates with optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with normal tension glaucoma

1. Identify differences in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as an indirect measure of intracranial pressure (ICP) in glaucoma patients and a healthy population. 2. Identify variables that may correlate with ONSD in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. Patients with NTG (n = 46) and POAG (n = 61), and healthy controls (n = 42) underwent B-scan ultrasound measurement of ONSD by an observer masked to the patient diagnosis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all groups, with additional central corneal thickness (CCT) and visual field defect measurements in glaucomatous patients. Only one eye per patient was selected. Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney were used to compare the different variables between the diagnostic groups. Spearman correlations were used to explore relationships among these variables. ONSD was not significantly different between healthy, NTG and POAG patients (6.09 ± 0.78, 6.03 ± 0.69, and 5.71 ± 0.83 respectively; p = 0.08). Visual field damage and CCT were not correlated with ONSD in either of the glaucoma groups (POAG, p = 0.31 and 0.44; NTG, p = 0.48 and 0.90 respectively). However, ONSD did correlate with IOP in NTG patients (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), while it did not in POAG patients and healthy controls (p = 0.86, p = 0.46 respectively). Patient's age did not relate to ONSD in any of the groups (p > 0.25 in all groups). Indirect measurements of ICP by ultrasound assessment of the ONSD may provide further insights into the retrolaminar pressure component in glaucoma. The correlation of ONSD with IOP solely in NTG patients suggests that the translaminar pressure gradient may be of particular importance in this type of glaucoma.

Ultrasound measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients with a clinical suspicion of raised intracranial pressure

BackgroundTo assess if ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) can accurately predict the presence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and acute pathology in patients in the emergency...