In recent times, tissue engineering researchers have been attempting to provide the scientific and medical communities with improvements in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries using synthetic grafts. Although the nerve autograft still remains the clinical gold standard in bridging nerve injury gaps, many advances on several fronts have been made in developing a more effective nerve tubular construct to guide regenerating axons across the lesion. This review discusses several strategies that have been employed to enhance the regenerative effectiveness of artificial nerve guidance channels. These strategies include the use of scaffolds, the integration of contact-mediated cues within the tubular construct, and incorporation or delivery of exogenous growth factors into the conduit lumen uniformly or in a gradient form. Animal and clinical studies are reviewed to explain some of the ideas involved in developing a guidance channel of the future.