Nephrotoxicity In Wistar Albino Rats Research Articles

In Vivo Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Carica papaya Seeds and Its Isolated Flavonoid on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats.

Background The nephrotoxic side effects of gentamicin, a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic, significantly restrict its clinical use. Identifying compounds that can mitigate this nephrotoxicity is of paramount importance. The research examines how the ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (EECPS) and isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid separated from them, protect the kidneys and fight free radicals in gentamicin-treated Wistar albino rats. Methodology A total of 48 mature Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups, with each group consisting of six rats. The experimental setup included a normal control group receiving oral saline as a negative control, and a standard control group administered gentamicin intraperitoneally (IP) at 100 mg/kg body weight for 13 days to induce nephrotoxicity, followed by oral silymarin at 100 mg/kg body weight as a positive control from days 14 to 21. A toxicant control group was exposed to gentamicin IP without subsequent treatment. Two test groups were given 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of EECPS orally after being given gentamicin. Three other test groups were given 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg of ISL orally after being given gentamicin. Serum levels of creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were used to test renal function. Malondialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH), which are signs of oxidative stress, were also measured in renal tissues. Results Gentamicin administration markedly increased serum creatinine, urea, and BUN levels, confirming its nephrotoxic effect. Nephroprotection depended on the dose of EECPS and ISL used. It was found that 80 mg/kg of ISL had the most powerful effect, which was not what was thought at first. These treatments effectively reduced MDA and NO levels while enhancing GSH levels, exhibiting their strong antioxidant properties. Notably, the nephroprotective efficacy of these treatments exceeded that of silymarin, a known nephroprotective agent. Histopathological analysis confirmed reduced renal damage and enhanced tissue repair in the treated groups. Conclusions These findings demonstrate how effective EECPS and ISL are at shielding the kidneys from gentamicin-caused damage. They do this by acting as antioxidants and nephroprotectants. Their ability to protect kidney function and fight oxidative stress makes them interesting as possible treatments for gentamicin-related kidney damage. These results advocate for further investigation into the utility of these natural compounds in the management of nephrotoxicity.

Ameliorative Effects of Curcumin on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar-Albino Rats

Mycotoxins exposed through food can lead to organ dysfunction and even failure. The number of studies on renal failure induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is limited. The purpose of this trial was to examine the effect of AFB1 on the kidney and whether its possible deleterious effect could be prevented by curcumin, a traditionally used and economical antioxidant. 38 rats were divided into five groups, group I represented the control, while the others were named dimethylsulfoxide, curcumin, AFB1, and AFB1 + Curcumin, respectively. Plasma samples were taken from each group after 60 days. Then, BUN, uric acid, and creatinine levels were determined by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed statistically. Bodyweight gain at the end of the study was the least in the group administered AFB1. Also, BUN, uric acid, and creatinine levels were higher in this group than in the other groups. Concomitant administration of AFB1 and curcumin improved both body weight gain and BUN, uric acid, and creatinine levels. Therefore, curcumin can be considered as a low cost-high efficacy renal protective agent in the prevention of renal failure caused by mycotoxins, especially AFB1.

In vivo antioxidants, chemical characterization and biochemical and medicinal potential of Murraya koenigii in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity

Murraya koenigii (Mk) is an old plant with a significant therapeutic value throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The excessive use of cisplatin (Cis> 50 mg/m2) is associated with nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and allergic reactions. Remedial measures are needed for the protection of nephrotoxicity against cisplatin. Thus, we have investigated Mk leaf extract’s nephroprotective effects to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The presence of polyphenols, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins was revealed during phytochemical investigation, and antioxidant activity was recorded. There were no toxicological symptoms in the treated rats, and no anatomical, physiological, or histological abnormalities were found compared to the control rats. The results of correcting cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity revealed that the extract has a significant ability to treat kidney damage, with most parameters returning to normal after only three weeks of therapy. It was concluded that co-administered cisplatin with Mk leaves extract showed exceptional nephroprotective effects at a 400 mg/kg dose ratein Cis-induced nephrotoxicity.

Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Alternanthera sessilis Leaves in Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Renal disease is a significant issue of global proportions and renal damage is very prevalent as the kidney has the ability to excrete toxic substances to assess the protective impact of the Ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis Linn. (EEAS) plant leaves against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Nephroprotective activity was assessed by inflicting gentamicin (80 mg/kg) in all groups; acute kidney dysfunction is proven by the vital increment of blood serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN and decline in the total protein, albumin, and globulin with various histological damages. Results: Treatment with the Alternanthera sessilis has appeared critical dosage subordinate change at the measurements of 100 and 200mg/kg by securing the kidney from oxidative stretch. It is additionally recognized that treatment with Alternanthera sessilis essentially brought down the level of serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN and increment within the add up to protein, egg whites, globulin when compared to illness gather. Nephroprotective action of EEAS was found when compared with the standard bunch (Vitamin E 250 mg/kg) and control bunch against the infection gather creatures in parameters counting creatinine, urea, uric corrosive, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), add up to protein, egg whites and globulin. The histopathological considers were moreover proving the defensive impact of EEAS. Conclusion: From the above results it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis offers nephroprotection.

Nephroprotective effect of polyphenol-rich extract of Costus spicatus in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03233-z.

NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ACACIA SENEGAL (GUM ARABIC) AGAINST GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Objective: To explore the effects of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) aqueous extract in contradiction of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were randomly separated into 4 groups (n=10). Group A (negative control) received standard diet and water while group B (positive control) received gentamicin 80 mg/kg b. wt. /day via intra peritoneal (IP) route for six days. Groups C and D received Gum Arabic extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg b. wt. via oral route respectively for 10 days and concurrently with gentamicin 80 mg/kg b. wt. IP from day 5 for six days. The nephroprotective activity of Gum Arabic extract was evaluated by measuring the serum and urine biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, sodium and potassium) and examining the histopathological sections of kidney specimen. The serum and urine data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: In both serum and urine, the biochemical parameters in groups C and D were significantly improved compared to group B. The histopathological analysis of kidneys showed slight necrosis of glomeruli and tubules in group C compared to group B, while group D showed only hemorrhage and congestion in the glomeruli. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, Gum Arabic extract may possess a nephroprotective activity.

Defensive role of Nigella sativa against antituberculosis drugs induced renal toxicity.

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common problem in clinical medicine and the frequency of drug-related acute and chronic kidney dysfunction worldwide. One of them is anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs that cause renal function impairment during TB treatment. Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that are capable for treating drug or toxin-induced renal disorders. The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds (NS) against anti-TB drugs (ATDs) induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Rats were treated with ATDs for 12weeks (3 alternative days in a week). Supplementation with 125mg NS/kg, p.o. was administered to the experimental rats for 12weeks (3 alternative days in a week considering next day of ATDs treatment). The results demonstrated that NS treatment protected against renal damage induced by ATDs, as evidenced by the reduction in serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, urea nitrogen levels, pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6), whereas improvement in histological tubular and glomerular damage. In addition, NS enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and decreased the lipid peroxidation and glutathione level in the kidney. In conclusion, NS could reduce chronic nephritis in ATDs treated group through suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress. It suggests that NS can be used as supplementary preventive and protective drug against kidney injury during anti-TB treatment.

Assessment of the Protective Effects of Vitamin C and E on Cypermethrin-induced Nephrotoxicity and Electrolyte Imbalance in Wistar Rats

Cypermethrin is a potent pyrethroids insecticide causing different pathological features when exposed to mammal. Vitamins are used as nutrient supplements and in clinical studies as medical intervention in some disease conditions. This study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of vitamin C and E on Cypermethrin induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Twenty-eight (28) wistar albino rats were sorted into four groups of seven rats per groups were used in this study. Group A serves as the control and received distilled water orally. Group B, C and D were administered 25mg/kg body weight cypermethrin orally. Group C and D were treated daily with 40mg/kg body weight vitamin C and 20mg/kg body weight vitamin E respectively by oral administration while group B was left untreated for 14 days. Cypermethrin significantly (P<0.05) induced nephrotoxicity as characterized with significant increased (P<0.05) in the serum levels of Urea, uric acid and creatinine. It also caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in renal total protein, albumin and globulin. Exposure to Cypermethrin induced electrolyte imbalance in rats with significant increase in serum chloride ion, potassium ion and significant decrease in serum level of sodium ion and bicarbonates. Histological results revealed that cypermethrin caused distortion in histoarchitecture of the kidney characterized by lesion of glomerulus, damaged Bowman’s capsule, degenerated and vacuolated renal tubules. Taken together, vitamin C and E significantly reverse all these alterations and offer protection to the kidney membrane.

The nephroprotective effects of Daucus carota and Eclipta prostrata against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

ABSTRACT The overuse of cisplatin (>50 mg/m2) is limited to nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and allergic reactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective effects of Daucus carota and Eclipta prostrata extracts on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The study involved male Wistar albino rats of 8 weeks weighing 220–270 g. A single injection of 5 mg/kg was injected into the rats for nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into four groups based on dose conentrations. Blood and urine samples of rats were collected on the 0, 7th, 14th, and 21st days for nephrological analysis. The results showed that Cis + DC/Cis + EP (600 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) increased the body weight and reduced the kidney weight of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats (p < 0.001) as compared to Cis group. The results showed that 600 mg/kg administration of Cis + DC/Cis +EP successfully (p < 0.005) improved the urine and plasmin creatinine, Na, and K level compared to the Cis group. Histopathological results confirmed that Cis + EP/Cis + DC effectively improved the renal abnormalities. It is concluded that the co-administration of Cis + EP extract showed exceptional nephroprotective effects at a dose rate of 600 mg/kg.

Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Carissa carandas Leaves against Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Albino Rats

The present study was aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Carissa carandas Linn. Leaves (EECC) in Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The renal damage was induced by Gentamicin (80mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Nephroprotective activity was investigated by the administration of EECC at two different doses (100 and 200mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 28 days and by assessing serum parameters, renal oxidative stress markers and histopathological studies. Gentamicin-treated animals showed an increase in serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in total protein, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase(CAT) compared to normal control animals, which indicates severe nephrotoxicity. Histopathological studies of kidney Gentamicin-treated animals showed extensive acute tubular necrosis and peri-tubular inflammation. Administration of EECC showed a significant improvement (p&lt;0.05) in biochemical and oxidative stress markers compared to the disease group. EECC treated groups showed better histological appearance when compared to the disease group. Ethanolic extract of Carissa carandas Linn. Leaves showed significant nephroprotective activity against gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury.

PHYTOREMEDIAL POTENTIAL OF HYDROALCOHOL EXTRACT OF SEEDS OF SORGHUM BICOLOR AGAINST DRUG-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY

The gravity of the impact of drug induced nephrotoxicity is more prominent in society. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of Sorghum bicolor against cisplatin and doxorubicin- induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The nephrotoxicity was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg b.w.) in cisplatin model and doxorubicin (15 mg/kg b.w.) in doxorubicin-induced model in rats. Nephroprotection of hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of S. bicolor was evaluated at two different doses of 200 and 400mg/kg b.w. The nephroprotective activity was assessed by the determination of various serum and urinary parameters, anti-oxidant studies, histological and immunohistochemical studies. The results indicated that injection of cisplatin and doxorubicin led to marked nephrotoxicity in animals. Treatment with extract in cisplatin-induced model resulted in significant nephroprotective activity in a curative regimen whereas in prophylactic regimen the extract prevented the induction of nephrotoxicity only up to a considerable level. But the extract failed to attenuate the doxorubicin induced nephrotoxicity, as evident by biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical studies. From the findings, it is concluded that the seeds of S. bicolor can be used as a novel approach in the treatment of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

In vivo assessment of reversing Cisplatin-Induced nephrotoxicity using Jatropha mollissima crude extract and its potential cytotoxicity.

Jatropha mollissima is one of the ancient plants that known in Africa, Asia and Latin America for its high medicinal value. Previously we showed that the ethanolic leaves extract of J. mollissima was able to reverse the aminoglycoside antibiotics induced nephrotoxicity in only two weeks of administration. Here, we evaluated the phytochemicals, antioxidant and in vivo cytotoxicity of the ethanolic leaves extract in addition to the ability of reversing Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. The results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins and saponins, with significantly high antioxidant activity. The treated rats did not show any cytotoxic signs; no anatomical, physiological and/or histopathological changes compared with the control group. Kidney, spleen and liver tissues appeared normal after two weeks administration of the maximum dose, with a possible alteration in distal tubules, proximal tubules and glomerulus of the kidney tissues. The results of nephrotoxicity and kidney function suggest promising potential for J. mollissima in kidney damage treatment.

Hesperidin protects liver and kidney against sodium fluoride-induced toxicity through anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic mechanisms

AimHigh dose of fluoride intake is associated with toxic effects on liver and kidney tissues. One approach to tackle these toxicities is using natural antioxidants as supplements. This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of hesperidin (HSP) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Materials and methodsIn the present study, the rats were randomly allocated into five groups of seven male rats each group: control, NaF (600 ppm), HSP-200, NaF + HSP-100 and NaF + HSP 200. Key findingsHepatic and renal injuries induced by NaF were confirmed by the alteration in kidney function parameters in the serum (urea and creatinine), levels of liver enzymes (ALT, ALP and AST), activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and levels of inflammatory markers (NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF-α). NaF also inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, increased levels of autophagic markers (Beclin-1, LC3A and LC3B) and expression levels of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, p53 and procaspase-3) in the liver and kidney tissues. Administration of HSP concurrently with NaF significantly ameliorated the deviation in the above-studied parameters. SignificanceThe results of the current study revealed that HSP could be used as a beneficial adjuvant that confers protection against NaF-induced liver and kidney damage through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic mechanisms.

Investigation of uroprotective effects of seed methanol extracts of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. on cyclophosphamide-induced bladder hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

Purpose: This study investigated the possible uroprotective effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. (HT) seed methanol extracts (25,50,100 mg/kg, i.p., for 6 days) against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced (150 mg/kg, single dose, i.p.) acute bladder hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and nephrotoxicity in rats. &#x0D; Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats used in this study were divided into nine groups, each including seven rats. Group 1 (control) was treated with 0.5ml saline (SF) and Group 2 was treated with CYP (150 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, 5 were treated with 25, 50, 100 mg/kg HT, respectively while groups 6, 7, 8 were treated with 25, 50, 100 mg/kg CYP + HT, respectively. Finally, Group 9 (control-2) was treated with 0.5ml-%0.2 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in blood serum. &#x0D; Results: The CYP-treated rats histopathologically had mild-moderate bladder and renal injuries. The serum creatinine and BUN levels, which are the biochemical markers of renal injury, significantly increased compared to the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: HT showed a protective effect on CYP-related bladder HC and nephrotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.

Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) on Lead-induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats.

Background: Lead is a well-known omnipresent environmental toxin that is harmful to almost any system of the body. Kidneys being the major site of excretion, are very susceptible to its toxic effects. The damage usually involves the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) and glomeruli, mainly because of the oxidative stress induced by lead. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), being known to have natural anti-oxidative properties, was used in this study to see whether it ameliorates the lead-induced nephrotoxic effects of not.&#x0D; Methodology: Twenty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four equal groups. Group A was kept as control and given nothing, Group B was given 8 mg/kg body weight lead acetate intraperitoneally, Group C was given EGb 761 100 mg/kg body weight orally and Group D received both lead acetate as well as EGb 761 simultaneously in the above-mentioned doses. The treatment continued daily for 42 days, after which the rats were sacrificed and histomorphological and immunohistochemical parameters were studied from the extracted kidneys.&#x0D; Results: Lead-induced histomorphological changes, including widened PCTs, contracted glomeruli, decreased and pyknotic nuclei and widened urinary spaces, were all reverted to near control in Group D animals. EGb 761 itself did not produce changes in Group C rats except that expression of laminin was marginally decreased. Overall, the laminin expression was not much affected in any of the groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study suggests an ameliorating effect of EGb 761 on lead-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. At the same time, other major paralogues of laminin need to be incorporated into the study to see the specific paralogue which is affected in lead-induced nephrotoxicity.

Ameliorative effect of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against Tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

Cubeba Officinalis is traditionally effective in the treatment of various kidney ailments, and the main adverse effect of tacrolimus is nephrotoxicity. There is no documented evidence about the ameliorative potential of Cubeba Officinalis in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity. The main endeavor of the study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits were collected from the local market, and Male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for the study. The dose of is lower 200mg/kg, higher dose 400 mg/kg of test drug (EECO) was used, and silymarin is used as the standard at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The animals were divided into five groups, six animals each, which is started prior to oral administration of tacrolimus and continued with the fourteen days tacrolimus treatment. After the whole period of study, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathological studies and biochemical estimations were carried out. The BUN values were decreased from 33.60±3.84 in nephrotoxic rats to 28.27±2.48 (200mg/kg) and 20.70±0.81 (400mg/kg),creatinine levels from 1.645±0.21 to 0.926±0.19 (200mg/kg) and 0.638±0.07(400 mg/kg),uric acid levels from 1.822±0.249 to 1.092±0.306 (200 mg/kg) and 0.806±0.181 (400 mg/kg) sodium, potassium and chloride levels from 1.607± 0.091, 2.548± 0.293 and 259.8±6.42 to 1.302± 0.169 , 1.023±0.174 and 134.7±9.138 (200mg/kg of EECO) and 0.586±0.092 , 0.831±0.174 and 130.2±2.29 (400mg/kg of EECO). The Ethanolic extract of cubeba officinalis was found to be effective in treating the nephrotoxicity in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity.

Nephroprotective potential of Neermulli/Nerunjil Kudineer on Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

Nerunjil kudineer/Neermulli Kudinner is an official Siddha polyherbal formulation used for the various ailments related to the kidney. Cisplatin is an alkylating agent used in chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. Its use is limited due to their nephrotoxicity. In this study nephroprotective effect of Nerunjil kudineer (NK) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino Rats was studied. Male Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6) as control, Cisplatin control (Single dose 7 mg/Kg i.p on the 7th day), Cisplatin with Cystone (p.o), NK200 and NK400 mg/Kg (p.o) for 10 days. At the end of the study, animals were weighed and sacrificed to estimate the relative kidney weight, serum creatinine and Urea. Kidney tissue was estimated for oxidant-antioxidant parameters (MDA, GSH &amp; SOD) and histology study was carried out. Cisplatin reduced body weight and increased kidney weight significantly (P&lt;0.0001). It deprived the renal function by elevating serum creatinine &amp; urea, MDA and reduction in endogenous antioxidants GSH and SOD significantly (P&lt;0.0001). Cisplatin group exhibited focal tubular necrosis and congested blood vessels in histology study. The standard drug Cystone and NK400 significantly increased the body weight, reduced the kidney weight, normalized the kidney function parameters (Serum Cr and Urea), bolstered antioxidant status and showed a trend towards the recovery of histological alterations. NK showed a dose-dependent activity and higher dose, NK400mg /Kg possessed strong nephroprotective activity, which may be due to the efficient antioxidant potential, which reduces lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by cisplatin. The results strongly suggest that Nerunjil kudineer is an effective nephroprotective drug against Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.

Comparison of action of aspirin and vitamin E in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats: An experimental study

Comparison of action of aspirin and vitamin E in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats: An experimental study

The effect of vitamin E in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

The effect of vitamin E in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

Nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of aqueous leaf extract of Costus Afer Ker gawl on cyclosporin-a (Csa) induced nephrotoxicity

BackgroundOxidative stress (OS) has been linked to the pathology of a variety of chronic and degenerative diseases. Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds which are capable of preventing and fighting these diseases. The nephroprotective and antioxidant properties of the aqueous leaf extract of Costus afer (C.afer) against cyclosporine A CsA - induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats were investigated.MethodsSix groups of five weight-matched animals each, were used for the study. The first and second groups served as normal and toxic control and were given olive oil and CsA (50 mg/kg b.w.) orally respectively while groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 ingested 375, 750 and 1125 mg/kg b.w. aqueous leaf extract and 100 mg/kg b.w. of the Silymarin respectively one hour prior to administration of CsA 50 mg/kg b.w.ResultsTreatment with C. afer extract at doses of 375, 750 and 1125 mg/kg prevented the CsA induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative impairments of the kidney, as evidenced by a significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plasma creatinine, BUN, K+ and renal malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, all the doses were able to induce a significant increment (P < 0.05) of renal levels of glutathione (GSH) and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase(CAT), glutathione-S-tranferase (GST), serum electrolytes (Na+ and HCO3−), body and kidney weight. The nephroprotective effects of C.afer extract were confirmed by a reduced severity of renal cellular damage.ConclusionAqueous leaf extract of C.afer has a protective role against CsA- induced nephrotoxicity probably mediated through its antioxidant properties.