Nephrectomy For Renal Cell Cancer Research Articles

Renal function, endotoxicosis, and oxidative stress in patients after open and laparoscopic nephrectomy

BACKGROUND: Renal cell cancer is accompanied by the development of a disorder of renal function. The parameters of homeostasis after nephrectomy in renal cell cancer are not well understood.
 AIM: The aim of the study is to compare the kidney functional status and parameters of homeostasis in patients with RCC after nephrectomy performed by open and laparoscopic surgery.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with renal cell cancer Т3N0M0 were randomized according to the surgery into the comparison group with open nephrectomy (n = 40; 50,1 3,4 years old; 18 males, 22 females) and the main group with laparoscopic nephrectomy (n = 40; 52,4 5,1 years old; 16 males, 24 females). The control group was comprises from twenty subjects without urological pathology, 2258 years old, 10 males, 10 females. Laboratory parameters of endotoxicosis, lipid peroxidation, kidney functional status, partial kidney functions, and urinary syndrome were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 10th days after the surgery.
 RESULTS: The early postoperative period of nephrectomy in renal cell cancer is accompanied by the development of endotoxicosis, activation of lipid peroxidation, deterioration of the functional state of the remaining kidney, and the formation of chronic kidney disease. At the same time, both systemic indicators (toxicity index, as well as concentrations of medium-weight molecules, diene conjugates, malondialdehyde), and renal parameters (glomerular filtration rate, albumin-creatinine ratio) are associated with the method of surgery: with a laparoscopic approach, changes in these indicators are reversible and less pronounced than with open nephrectomy.
 CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates the advantage of laparoscopic nephrectomy compared to open nephrectomy in patients with renal cell cancer.

PS-BPR02-1: A CASE OF ADVANCED ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AFTER NEPHRECTOMY FOR RENAL CELL CANCER WITH HYPERTENSION AND PROTEINURIA INDUCED BY LENVATINIB

Background: The combination of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib is approved for advanced endometrial cancer that is not MSI-H or dMMR, is progressive on prior systemic therapy, and is not amenable to curative surgery or radiation. Lenvatinib is an oral, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that exerts anti-malignant effects by inhibiting many tyrosine kinase receptors, such as VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3, fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, rearranged during transfection (RET), and stem cell factor receptor (KIT) signaling networks. Although lenvatinib's usefulness has been demonstrated, adverse effects such as hypertension and proteinuria often necessitate the discontinuation of administration. We encountered a patient with advanced endometrial cancer after nephrectomy for renal cell cancer who developed hypertension and proteinuria due to lenvatinib. We discussed TKI induced hypertension and proteinuria in patients on pre-existing eGFR decline. Case presentation: A 65-year-old Japanese female was diagnosed in 2011 with concurrent endometrial cancer and right renal cell cancer. She underwent total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oophorectomy, and right nephrectomy. She received 6 courses of CAP (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and cisplatin) therapy as adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrial cancer. More than 7 years later, the patient presented with a vaginal cuff recurrence that was histologically confirmed and radiotherapy was indicated. In 2019, there was a recurrence in pelvic lymph nodes. Between 2019 and 2021, she underwent 9 cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel, however the cancer progression was observed. In February 2021, the patient was started on pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib (20 mg/day) combination therapy. Her creatinine was 0.85 mg/dL, with an eGFR of 52 mL/min/1.73m2 before the administration of lenvatinib. The patient experienced continuous grade 3 hypertension (systolic blood pressure Hiragino Sans 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≧ 100 mmHg), and 2 antihypertensive agents(amlodipine and ormesartan) were required to control hypertension. Despite lenvatinib dose reduction and the aggressive use of antihypertensive agents, grade 3 hypertension had recurred several times, and then proteinuria gradually increased to 3.0 g/day. Lenvatinib was decreased to 10 mg/day (2 steps of dose reduction) within 2 months of treatment initiation, and finally, hypertention and proteinuria were ameliorated. Conclusion: A history of nephrectomy, pre-existing eGFR decline and hypertension are associated with developing TKI induced proteinuria. These patients should be monitored carefully, and appropriate measures for the early control of hypertension and proteinuria may result in higher-dose treatment with lenvatinib, thereby maximizing its therapeutic effect.

PSAT031 Dietary Influence (smoothies) on Measurements of Plasma and Urinary Metanephrines in a Patient with Hypertension.

Abstract Introduction Pheochromocytoma can be diagnosed by fractionated plasma and urinary metanephrines. However, these tests have several diagnostic issues. Drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants, and diets both can affect biochemical testing. We report a patient who was consuming a catecholamine rich diet in the form of smoothies which resulted in falsely elevated metanephrines. Case history A 37-year-old female was seen in 2021 for evaluation of secondary hypertension. Patient had a history of intermittent palpitations but denied headaches or excessive sweating. She was taking amlodipine 5mg daily and potassium chloride 20mg daily. Significant past medical history included a partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer at the age of 35 years. She denies family history of pheochromocytoma or MEN 2. Vital signs showed HR 70/min, BP 138/80 mm Hg. Examination of the heart, lungs and abdomen was normal. Skin exam revealed no bruises or abdominal striae. Labs revealed normal CBC, serum K 3.4, aldosterone 20.1 ng/dL (ref 0.0 - 30.0), renin 1.165 ng/mL/hr (0.167-5.360). Following 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test, serum cortisol was 1.0 mcg/dL. Plasma normetanephrine 113.8 pg/mL (0.0 - 110.1), metanephrine 26.1 pg/mL (0.0 - 88), 24-hour urine metanephrines 465 mg/24hr (74 - 297), normetanephrine 963 mg/24hr (105 - 354). Due to the discordant values between the plasma and urinary metanephrines, a detailed history was taken which revealed that her diets included smoothies, consisting of pineapple juice, bananas, papaya, mango, and sea moss. She drank 15 ounces 3 times per week. Additionally, she was also consuming 1 cup of pistachios and 1 cup of elderberries daily. Patient was counseled to stop drinking the smoothies, and eating pistachios and elderberry. Six weeks later her 24-hour urine metanephrines and normetanephrines returned at 80 mcg/24 hrs and 243 mcg/24 hrs, respectively. Additionally, CT of the adrenal glands confirmed normal adrenal glands. Conclusion Previous studies have shown that catecholamines from dietary sources can dramatically affect plasma as well urinary concentrations of the 3-O methylated metabolites of catecholamines. In our patient, consumption of catecholamine rich foods such as bananas, oranges, pineapples, and possibly elderberry may have contributed to the false positive results. Additionally, the discrepancy between the baseline plasma and urine metanephrines, the normal adrenal glands on CT and normalization of the metanephrines after discontinuing the smoothie diets confirmed that the false positive laboratory values indeed resulted from dietary influence. It is recommended that a detailed dietary history be taken prior to ordering laboratory testing for catecholamine-secreting tumors. Possible interfering medications and catecholamine rich foods should be discontinued, if possible, before biochemical testing to avoid false positive results. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

Predictive models for chronic kidney disease after radical or partial nephrectomy in renal cell cancer using early postoperative serum creatinine levels

BackgroundSeveral predictive factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) following radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) have been identified. However, early postoperative laboratory values were infrequently considered as potential predictors. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive models for CKD 1 year after RN or PN using early postoperative laboratory values, including serum creatinine (SCr) levels, in addition to preoperative and intraoperative factors. Moreover, the optimal SCr sampling time point for the best prediction of CKD was determined.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from patients with renal cell cancer who underwent laparoscopic or robotic RN (n = 557) or PN (n = 999). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors, including laboratory values, were incorporated during model development. We developed 8 final models using information collected at different time points (preoperative, postoperative day [POD] 0 to 5, and postoperative 1 month). Lastly, we combined all possible subsets of the developed models to generate 120 meta-models. Furthermore, we built a web application to facilitate the implementation of the model.ResultsThe magnitude of postoperative elevation of SCr and history of CKD were the most important predictors for CKD at 1 year, followed by RN (compared to PN) and older age. Among the final models, the model using features of POD 4 showed the best performance for correctly predicting the stages of CKD at 1 year compared to other models (accuracy: 79% of POD 4 model versus 75% of POD 0 model, 76% of POD 1 model, 77% of POD 2 model, 78% of POD 3 model, 76% of POD 5 model, and 73% in postoperative 1 month model). Therefore, POD 4 may be the optimal sampling time point for postoperative SCr. A web application is hosted at https://dongy.shinyapps.io/aki_ckd.ConclusionsOur predictive model, which incorporated postoperative laboratory values, especially SCr levels, in addition to preoperative and intraoperative factors, effectively predicted the occurrence of CKD 1 year after RN or PN and may be helpful for comprehensive management planning.

P0564 - Percutaneous ablation versus surgical resection for local recurrence following partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer: A propensity score analysis (REPART Study – UroCCR 71)

P0564 - Percutaneous ablation versus surgical resection for local recurrence following partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer: A propensity score analysis (REPART Study – UroCCR 71)

Predictive Factors of Perioperative Significant Complications Following Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer

Predictive Factors of Perioperative Significant Complications Following Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer

Percutaneous Ablation Versus Surgical Resection for Local Recurrence Following Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer: A Propensity Score Analysis (REPART Study—UroCCR 71)

BackgroundData comparing percutaneous ablation (PCA) and surgical resection (SR) for an isolated local recurrence (LR) following partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are lacking. ObjectiveTo examine the outcomes between PCA and SR for an isolated LR following PN for RCC. Design, setting, and participantsPatients who underwent PN for RCC and developed an LR between 2013 and 2019 were included. An LR was defined as the appearance of a mass in contact with the resection bed or the development of a tumor in the same region of the homolateral kidney as the original site. InterventionPCA or SR. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisTo achieve balance in baseline characteristics, we used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity to receive treatment. Oncological outcomes, complications, and renal function were evaluated between groups using logistic, linear, and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results and limitationsA total of 81 patients with an isolated LR were included (PCA: 42; SR: 39). The median follow-up was 23 mo. After adjustment, excellent balance was achieved for the majority of propensity score variables. In IPTW analysis, PCA was associated with a lower risk of postoperative complications (odds ratio=0.22; p=0.006) and a smaller change in eGFR (beta=−16.18; p=0.001). There were no significant differences in the risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]=0.72; p=0.61), new LR (HR=1.51; p=0.59), and distant metastasis (HR=0.19; p=0.09). Limitations include the sample size and unmeasured confounding factors. ConclusionsOur results suggest that PCA provides comparable oncological outcomes to repeat surgery with fewer complications and better renal function preservation for the management of an LR after PN. Patient summaryThis report shows that percutaneous ablation can be used for treating a local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after partial nephrectomy, without significantly compromising cancer control.

Effect of Positive Surgical Margin on Survival After Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer: Long-term Results of a Single Center

Effect of Positive Surgical Margin on Survival After Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer: Long-term Results of a Single Center

Gross Hematuria Eight Years Following Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer

Gross Hematuria Eight Years Following Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Cancer

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: systematic review of functional results.

Various ischemia type during partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer (RCC) resulted in different postoperative functional outcomes. Our objective was to systematically review the contemporary literature on robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) and investigate the association of ischemia type and tumor complexity with postoperative functional outcomes of the operated kidney and overall. Forty-five of the 99 reports identified were selected for qualitative analysis. All included studies were observational and nonrandomized. Overall, we found that patients undergoing RPN with zero ischemia and selective artery clamping had a lower decrease in glomerular filtration rates of the operated kidney in comparison to both warm and cold ischemia. This association seems also to play a role in patients with bilateral kidneys harboring complex tumors. Zero ischemia and selective artery clamping provide the best functional outcomes following robotic partial nephrectomy. This seems to be of particular relevance in patients with single kidney or tumors of high complexity. Whether these changes are statistically or clinically significant cannot be determined within this systematic review.

Role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in renal cell cancer (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus.

496 Background: RCC with tumor thrombus may require complex surgery to remove the primary tumor. Some patients with tumor venous thrombus and metastatic RCC are unlikely to benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for poor overall survival in metastatic RCC patients with tumor thrombus. Methods: Patient data was collected from 4 centers for patients with mRCC and venous thrombus at presentation treated surgically from 2000-2014. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to estimate OS using two prognostic classification systems (MSKCC, IMDC) assessed at time of surgery. MDACC criteria (Cancer 2010) were calculated to estimate potential benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association of individual variables with OS. Results: A total of 293 patients were evaluated and median OS (IQR) was 17.2 (6.4-41.0) months for the entire cohort. Venous thrombus level (Neves classification) was 0,1,2,3, and 4 for 77, 38, 104, 45, and 29 patients respectively. Median OS (IQR) was worse (p = 0.03) for patients with IVC thrombus above the diaphragm 6.8 (2.2-19.1) months compared to renal vein only thrombus 18.8(8.1-37.8) months or IVC thrombus below the diaphragm 18.9 (6.7-44.5) months. Using MSKCC criteria, patients were classified as favorable (21), intermediate (213) or poor risk (59). MSKCC risk grouping was not predictive of OS (p = 0.14). Using IMDC criteria, patients were classified as favorable (24), intermediate (176) or poor risk (93). IMDC risk grouping was not predictive of OS (p = 0.99). Using MDACC criteria, patients were divided into favorable (258) and unfavorable (35) groups. Median OS was higher (p = 0.008) in favorable risk patients, 18.8 (7.2-43.7) vs. 8.2 (2.3-28.2) months. Preoperative variables that were independent predictors of OS included: body mass index, IVC thrombus above diaphragm, lactate dehydrogenase > ULN, and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Conclusions: Metastatic RCC patients with IVC thrombus above the diaphragm or patients classified as unfavorable using MDACC criteria have poor OS and may not benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy in the presence of venous tumor thrombus.

Circulating and Tissue Expression Levels of YKL-40 in Renal Cell Cancer

Blood levels of YKL-40 are elevated in various malignancies and other inflammatory diseases. Higher YKL-40 levels have consequently been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in several cancers. We investigated the prognostic value of circulating and tissue levels of YKL-40 in renal cell cancer. Preoperative YKL-40 serum/plasma levels were determined in 222 surgically treated patients with renal cell cancer and in 35 controls. Postoperative serum samples were analyzed in 19 of the 222 renal cell cancer cases. Gene expression levels were assessed in 101 renal cell cancer frozen tissue samples using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Finally immunohistochemical analysis was done in 37 renal cell cancer cases to assess tissue localization of YKL-40. Results were correlated with clinicopathological and followup data. YKL-40 serum but not tissue gene expression levels were higher in patients with renal cell cancer compared to controls (p = 0.050). Serum YKL-40 levels significantly increased following nephrectomy (p <0.001). High circulating YKL-40 concentrations were independently associated with shorter survival in the serum and plasma cohorts. YKL-40 gene expression did not correlate with patient prognosis. Preoperatively elevated circulating levels of YKL-40 predict survival in patients treated with nephrectomy for renal cell cancer independently of levels determined in serum or plasma. Tumor cells do not seem to be the main source of increased serum/plasma YKL-40 levels in patients with renal cell cancer.

Editorial Comment

The need or benefit of cold ischemia during renal hilar clamping for partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer (RCC) remains controversial, and the results from various series are inconsistent. The topic is clouded further by uncontrolled comparisons between minimally invasive surgery with warm ischemia and open surgery with cold ischemia. Among the uncontrolled biases are case selection, surgeon experience, duration of clamping, tumor complexity, and variable renal function at baseline. To the authors' credit, the present study1 presents a prospective, randomized 1:1 comparison of open partial nephrectomy for clinical stage T1 RCC in 60 patients each with either warm ischemia or cold ischemia.

Long Term Survival of a Patient with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Half-Dose Pazopanib: A Case Report

We describe the case of a 59-year-old woman who underwent a radical left nephrectomy for renal cell cancer in 1993. After 7 years, the disease relapsed as thyroid and pulmonary metastases and she has been initially treated with chemotherapy. At further progression we administered an antiangiogenic drug, Sunitinib for 9 months then we switched to Pazopanib. The patient is still receiving a half-dose of Pazopanib (46 months) and she is showing a longlasting response with an optimal safety profile. In this patient, Pazopanib demonstrated a significant improvement in PFS and tumor response also with half a dose. Nephrectomy, metastasectomy, medical therapy and targeted treatments have been shown able to prolong survival and improve quality of life. This is an example of chronicized disease in a patient who can be defined as a long-term survivor.

Intraoperative sonography during open partial nephrectomy for renal cell cancer: does it alter surgical management?

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) during open partial nephrectomy alters the surgical management for renal cell cancer (RCC). One hundred ninety-eight consecutive patients undergoing IOUS during open partial nephrectomy for RCC were selected for retrospective review of clinical and imaging data. Patient age and sex, the local extent of the primary lesion, and the presence of additional lesions were recorded. Ultrasound findings were compared with preoperative CT or MRI to determine whether the IOUS findings changed surgical management. Summary statistics were performed to assess what percentage of patients with additional IOUS findings had a change in their surgical management. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates for all patients. Patients were followed for 9-12 years to assess survival and measure recurrence rates. Twenty-one of 198 patients (10.6%; 95% CI, 6.7-15.8%) had additional findings on IOUS not seen on preoperative imaging. As a result, surgery was modified in 15 of these 21 patients (71.4%; 95% CI, 47.8-88.7%). The 5-year OS rate was 81%, and the EFS rate was 76% for the whole group; most deaths were due to unrelated causes. There was no statistically significant difference in OS (p = 0.867) and EFS (p = 0.069) rates among patients who had a change of management because of additional lesions seen by IOUS. IOUS performed during open partial nephrectomy for resection of RCC shows additional findings compared with preoperative cross-sectional imaging that may alter surgical management.

89 R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in renal cell cancer and its correlation with ischemia time and complications

89 R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in renal cell cancer and its correlation with ischemia time and complications

Laparoendoscopic single-site versus conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell cancer in patients with increased comorbidities and previous abdominal surgery: preliminary results of a single-centre retrospective study

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) represents an evolution of laparoscopy for the treatment for urologic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of LESS in patients with increased comorbidities and previous abdominal surgery undergoing radical nephrectomy (LESS-RN) for renal cell carcinoma. A total of 25 patients with increased comorbidities and previous abdominal surgery who underwent LESS-RN were compared to 31 patients with the same characteristics after conventional laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). LRN was performed between January 2009 and May 2010, and LESS-RNs were performed between June 2010 and November 2011. Demographic data and perioperative and postoperative variables were recorded and analysed. The mean ASA score in the LESS-RN and LRN groups was 3.2±0.4, and the mean BMI was 32.7±2.1 and 34.2±0.8kg/m(2), respectively. The mean operative time in the LESS-RN and LRN groups was 143.7±24.3 and 130.6±26.5min, (p=0.11), and the mean hospital stay was 3.8±0.8 versus 4.2±1.4days in the two groups (p=0.06), respectively. Three and four complications were recorded in the LESS-RN and in the LRN groups, for a mean complication rate of 12 and 12.9% (p=0.12), respectively All tumours were organ-confined with negative surgical margins, and the mean R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score for LESS-RN and LRN was 9.78±1.7 and 9.82±1.3 (p=0.14), respectively. LESS-RN in patients with increased comorbidities and previous abdominal surgery is equally effective as LRN without compromising on surgical, oncologic short-term and postoperative outcomes.

Prolonged survival after sequential multimodal treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: two case reports and a review of the literature

IntroductionIn this case series and short review of the literature, we underline the impact of nephrectomy combined with sequential therapy based on cytokines, antiangiogenic factors, and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors along with metastasectomy on overall survival and quality of life in patients with metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma.Case presentationIn the first of two cases reported here, a 53-year-old Caucasian man underwent a radical left nephrectomy for renal cell cancer and relapsed with a bone metastasis in his right humerus. He was treated with closed nailing and cytokine-based chemotherapy. For 5 years, the disease was stable and he had great improvement in quality of life. Subsequently, the disease relapsed in his lymph nodes, lung, and thorax soft tissue. He was then treated with antiangiogenic factors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. The disease progressed until September 2009, when he died of allergic shock during a blood transfusion, 9 years after the initial diagnosis of renal cell cancer.In the second case, a 54-year-old Caucasian man underwent a radical left nephrectomy for renal cell cancer. A year later, the disease progressed to his neck lymph nodes, and cytokine-based chemotherapy was initiated. While he was on cytokines, a solitary pulmonary nodule appeared and he underwent a metastasectomy. Nine months later, magnetic resonance imaging of his brain revealed a focal right occipitoparietal lesion, which was resected. After two years of active surveillance, the disease relapsed as a pulmonary metastasis and he was treated with an antiangiogenic factor. Further progressions presenting as enlarged axillary lymph nodes, chest soft tissue lesions, and thoracic spine bone metastases were sequentially observed. He then received a first-generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, an antiangiogenic factor, and later a second-generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and palliative radiotherapy. Ten years after the initial diagnosis of renal cell cancer, his disease is stable and he is on a third antiangiogenic factor and leads an active life.ConclusionsOne multidisciplinary approach to patients with metastatic renal cell cancer combines nephrectomy, metastasectomy, and radiotherapy (when feasible) with medical therapy based on cytokines and targeted treatment employing agents inhibiting angiogenesis, other receptor tyrosine kinases, and mammalian target of rapamycin. This approach could prolong survival and improve quality of life.

Body mass index and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A clinical‐based cohort and meta‐analysis

Growing evidence suggests that obesity, an established cause of renal cell cancer (RCC), may also be associated with a better prognosis. To evaluate the association between RCC survival and obesity, we analyzed a large cohort of patients with RCC and undertook a meta-analysis of the published evidence. We collected clinical and pathologic data from 1,543 patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC between 1994 and 2008 with complete follow-up through 2008. Patients were grouped according to BMI (kg/m(2) ): underweight <18.5, normal weight 18.5 to <23, overweight 23 to <25 and obese ≥25. We estimated survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the impact of BMI on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) with adjustment for covariates. We performed a meta-analysis of BMI and OS, CSS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) from all relevant studies using a random-effects model. The 5-year CSS increased from 76.1% in the lowest to 92.7% in the highest BMI category. A multivariate analysis showed higher OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29-0.68) and CSS (HR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.29-0.77] in obese patients than in normal weight patients. The meta-analysis further corroborated that high BMI significantly improved OS (HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.76), CSS (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.48-0.74) and RFS (HR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30-0.81). Our study shows that preoperative BMI is an independent prognostic indicator for survival among patients with RCC.

Can the Kattan nomogram still accurately predict prognosis in renal cell carcinoma using the revised 2010 tumor–nodes–metastasis reclassification?

The Kattan nomogram has been used in renal cell cancer to predict progression-free survival after nephrectomy. Tumor-nodes-metastasis staging is essential for the calculation of this score. The effect of the recent 2010 revision to the tumor-nodes-metastasis classification on the predictive ability of the Kattan nomogram was studied. All patients having radical nephrectomy for renal cell cancer in the 5-year period of 2004-2008 at a tertiary referral center were included. Pathological and radiological records were reviewed to identify tumor-nodes-metastasis stage (2002 and 2010 classifications). Kattan scores were calculated for the 2002 and 2010 tumor-nodes-metastasis stages, and the effect on survival predictions were compared with actual outcomes. A total of 291 patients with non-metastatic renal cell cancer were identified. Revision of the tumor-nodes-metastasis staging from the 2002 to 2010 classification resulted in an increase in the number of patients with stage pT3a (from 30 to 75), a reduction in the patients with stage pT3b (from 57 to 10) and a small increase in stage pT4 cases (1 to 3). This altered the proportion of patients in the Kattan prognostic of "good" (from 61% to 69%), "intermediate" (from 29% to 22%) and "poor" (from 10% to 8%). The overall median predicted 5-year progression-free survival was 79.8% with 2002 tumor-nodes-metastasis, and 81.8% with 2010 tumor-nodes-metastasis. Actual 5-year progression-free survival was 83.0%, which was not significantly different from that predicted using either tumor-nodes-metastasis classification (P = 0.66). On comparing the new 2010 and old 2002 tumor-nodes-metastasis classification in our cohort, we showed the predictive ability of the Kattan nomogram remained unaltered.