Nepalese Market Research Articles

Comparative Study of Cleansing Action of Some Detergents Available in Nepalese Market

Detergents commercially available in the Nepalese market were studied and several parameters such as surface tension, pH, critical micelle concentration, foaming stability test, hard water test, emulsions stability test were performed. Different medium such as ground water (G.W.), tap water (T.W.), distilled water (D.W.) and 5% ethanol in distilled water were selected for this study. The decrease in surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) in ground water, tap water, distilled water and 5% ethanol in distilled water, ease of cleansing action of the detergents in this medium have been found of the following order: 5% ethanol in distilled water > distilled water (D.W.) > tap water (T.W.) > ground water (G.W.). Among the four detergents, the D1 have shown the least surface tension, CMC value, foam collapsing time, the weight of scum formed when treated with hard water. And maximum emulsion stability of the detergent D1 determines good quality detergent.

STUDY ON COST VARIATION OF ORAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS AVAILABLE IN RETAIL STORES ACROSS CHITWAN

Background: Antihypertensive medications reduce blood pressure and decrease cardiovascular dis­ease morbidity and mortality. A number of antihypertensives with same formulation but different prices are available in the market. In the present study we aim to study such price variations of antihypertensive drugs currently available in the Nepalese market. Methods: We obtained the marked price of different antihypertensives manufactured in Nepal and India from various medicine stores within Chitwan from February to June 2021. Cost ratio (CR) and percentage cost variation (%CV) was calculated using Microsoft Office Excel-2019. Results: We observed a high percentage of cost variation in Amlodipine 5mg (CR: 3.33 %CV: 233.33) among Nepali and Losartan 50mg (CR: 32.31 %CV: 3131.47) among Indian antihypertensives. Conclusions: A wide percentage cost variation was observed among antihypertensive medications cur­rently available in the Nepalese market. Regulatory bodies could address the issue to ensure affordability of essential antihypertensive medications.

Demographic Characteristics and Buyers Purchase Decision of Two Wheeler Brands in Bagmati Province, Nepal

The purpose of this paper is to analyze buyers’ demographic characteristics that influence purchasing decisions of two wheelers brands available in the Nepalese market. The survey study was conducted in the four districts of Bagmati province. Altogether, opinions of 208 respondents were included in the study to express their assertion of two wheeler purchasing decisions. Cross tabulation was done to identify patterns of demographic (categorical) variables and two wheeler brands. The chi-square analysis was done to examine associations between demographic variables and purchase decisions of two wheeler brands. The results of chi-square analysis indicated that buyers’ gender, age, education and occupation have highly significant association with purchase decision. Similarly, income level and marital status are significantly associated with purchase decision. The various categories of demographic characteristics analyzed in the study influence buyer two wheeler brand purchase decisions.

Barriers to Organizational Change Management in Hotel Industry of Nepal

In initial period, organizational changes are asks for entire hospitality industry. Thus, this research paper reveals what are the barriers for organizational change management in hotel sectors of Nepal which can help them for gaining spark on Nepalese market once again.: Hotels sectors of Nepal are affected by array of factors which can influence organizational performance. This is the component of success for enhancement of performance of hotel sector. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the factors influencing organizational performance in hotel sector of Nepal. This research is based on hotel sector’s organizational changes and the barriers for adaptation of such changes. The study of hotel sector is done with self-structured questionnaire and mostly data are collected from primary sources. To justify the results, researcher has adopted quantitative research design and SPSS software is used for data analysis. The research has identified the essence of organizational changes in hotel sector. In the time of financial plummeted of Nepalese economy, hospitality sector are hardly hit by global pandemic. Thus, hotel sector need new plan and strategies for achieving success. Through organizational changes, hotel sector can slowly and steadily moves business in path of positives. So, hotel sector has to identify barriers of organizational change management and has to act accordingly to achieve success in this critical hour. Nepalese economy after hard hit by global pandemic has slowly started to move in towards path of recovery. To step up Nepalese economy in decent path every sector need to contribute. Hotel sector being the important hub of national GDP has to recover from crises for development of country. Therefore, hotel sector with organizational change management can enhance their profitability. This research in this regard is helpful for Nepalese hotel sector to identify and adopt such changes. This research paper is the summarization of results carried on primary data collected from questionnaire. The research is done on data collected from field so is highly reliable.

Study of the Antecedents of Smartphone Purchase decision

The main objective of this research paper is to identify the factors affecting consumer behaviorthat influence purchasing decisions on Smartphone users in Nepal. The study examines how the brand image, product features, product price, and social factors influence the purchase decision in the buying of the Smartphone in the Nepalese market. The study focuses on how the consumer preferred to select the Smartphone and which factor has the more influencing role for a purchase decision. 
 Primary data has been used in the research. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire using a convenient sampling technique from 202 customers buying smartphones in Kathmandu. 
 Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation, and Structural Equation Modeling have been used to diagnose and to draw valid conclusions. Brand image, product features, product price, and social factors are taken as independent variables to explore the relationship with purchase decision and impact on the purchase decision. The correlation result showed that all independent variables have a significant relationship with purchase decisions. The Path analysis through SEM result showed that there is a significant impact of brand image, product price, and social factors on the consumer purchase decision. But, the product features have a negative significant impact on purchase decision in the buying of Smartphone in the Nepalese market.

Quality of Drug in Health Facilities: A Cross-sectional Study.

Poor quality drugs result minor to detrimental effect on human health. The drug should be of standard quality and should be used appropriately in order to meet its therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to assess the quality of drug in Nepal. A cross sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 88 health facilities in Nepal from 10th April to 30th June 2016. Selective medicines were collected from both private licensed pharmacies and selected public health facilities. Face to face interview with health facility in-charge of selected health facilities was carried out along with the direct observation of the medicine storage room. The collected medicine samples were dispatched to two laboratories for in-vitro analysis. The labels of the collected medicine were analyzed. The obtained data were entered in Epidata version 3.1, cleaned in Microsoft excel 2007 and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Out of 172 brands, nine brands of medicines were found substandard. Information regarding storage conditions, direction for use and category of the drug were lacking in the label of some brands of medicines. Some selected health facilities were found not meeting major requirements for drug storage: protection from sunlight, moisture, heat, well ventilation and proper sanitation. Few drugs were found to be substandard in Nepalese market from both public and private sectors. Adequate labeling and proper storage condition of medicines in health facilities were lacking.

Factors Affecting Purchase Intention of Laptop in Nepal

The main objective of the study was to explore the factors affecting purchase intention in the buying of laptops in the Nepalese market. Product quality, product price, and brand image are taken as independent variables to examine the impact on purchase intention. Primary data has been used in the study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire in the six-point Likert scale from laptop users in the Nepalese market. Convenient sampling was used for the study and Kathmandu was the sampling location. A total of 385 respondents were the sample size of the study. SPSS software has been used to process and analyze the primary data. Mean Standard Deviation, Correlation, and Regression analysis techniques have been used to analyze the collected data. The research found that there is a significant positive relationship of all three independent variables like product quality, product price, and brand image with the dependent variable purchase intention. Moreover, it is found that there is a significant and positive influence of product price and brand image on purchase intention towards the laptop in the Nepalese market. But, it is found that the product quality has no significant influence on the purchase intention towards the laptop in the Nepalese market.

Examining the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Alternative Material for the Interlocking Prefabricated Sandwich Panel

The paper shows the effective utilization of non-degradable waste material like the hair of humans, Expanded Polystyrene Spheres (EPS), and rice husk fly ash to a final product Fiber-reinforced concrete panel. Concrete fracture, catastrophic failure, spalling of concrete and non-quake resistance, with the application of a load are major problems of the current scenario in the concrete world (Mindess, 2009). This paper tries to solve this type of problem by using the natural fibers and some additives which are under patient right. The researcher of this paper has developed a prefab panel which may be the substitute product of brick, ACC block, interlocking block, EPS panel, and local prefab panel. The utilization of industrial waste to usable products for construction is a major challenge that the researcher has taken. The paper shows that product can be made economical and able to reduce environmental challenges. Ingredients like human hair, EPS, chemical agent, cement, fly ash, water, and fiberboard are utilized in a certain time and fixed condition to complete the formation of the Fiber-reinforced concrete panel. The panel was found to have multi-function like a light in weight, fireproof, and flexibility which was its main USP (Unique Selling Point). The researcher thinks this product might change the perception of Nepalese customer, who thinks prefab as a costly and less strength product. Nepal political instability and dependent culture on foreign country shows an impossible possibility to use an artificial fiber and imported fly ash (ITC, 2017). This paper also presents the Nepalese market perception through the business model canvas, a business strategy that can be taken, hindrance, and the possibility to use human hair fiber, fly ash and recycled EPS to complete finished goods.

The Effect of Demographic Factors on Consumer Purchase Intention in Buying Television Set in Kathmandu Valley: An Empirical Study

The main objective of the research is to identify the impact of demographic factors on purchase intention. The study examine whether there is any significant differences on consumers’ purchase intention of television across gender, age groups and education level. Primary data has been used in the study. The structured questionnaire has been used for collection of primary data. Convenient sampling technique has been used to collect information from the respondents and 394respondents have been taken from customers buying Television in Kathmandu. The sampling location for the research has been allocated in show room, colleges and houses in Kathmandu. Age, gender and level of education have been taken as independent variables and purchase intention has been taken as dependent variable. Percentage has been used to analyze the purchase intention of respondents; independent sample t-test and ANOVA Test have been used to analyze the collected data and to draw valid conclusions by using SPSS. The result of independent sample t-test showed that there is no significant difference on purchase intention between male and female in buying television in Nepalese market. The result of ANOVA Test showed that there is no significant difference on purchase intention among different age groups. But the result of ANOVA Test showed that there is significant difference on purchase intention among different level of education.

Tobacco control in Nepal during a time of government turmoil (1960–2006)

BackgroundNepal was a monarchy, then a dictatorship, then a democracy. This paper reviews how tobacco control progressed in Nepal in the context of these changes in government from 1950 through...

Consumer Brand Preference: An Empirical Study of Car Buying in Nepal

The main objective of the study is to identify the effect of product attributes, price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference in the buying of car in Nepalese market. Primary data was used for the study and data were collected through structured questionnaire in the five point Likert scale from car users in Nepalese market. Convenient sampling was used for the study and Kathmandu was the sampling location. 500 questionnaires were distributed to car users among them 394 questionnaires were collected. SPSS software has been used to processing and analyzes the data. Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and Regression techniques have been used to analyze the data. The research paper found that there is significant positive relationship between independent variables and dependent variable consumer behavior. Moreover, it is found that, there is significant and positive influence of price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference and product attributes has no significant influence on brand preference in buying of car in Nepalese market.

Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior: A Case of Television Buying in Nepalese Market

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of product quality, perceived price and social factors on buying decision in the buying of Television set in Nepalese market. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire in the five point Likert scale. Convenient sampling was used and Kathmandu was the sampling location. 500 questionnaires were distributed to television users among them 394 questionnaires were collected. SPSS software has been used to processing and analyzes the data. Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and Regression techniques have been used to analyze the data. The research paper found that there is significant relationship between independent variables and dependent variable consumer behavior. There is significant and positive influence of product quality and perceived price and social factors on consumer behavior in television buying in Nepalese market. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Product Quality, Perceived Price, Social Factors DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-21-08 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Price variation among different brands of anticancer medicines available in hospital pharmacies of Nepal

ObjectiveTo assess the variation in price among different brands of anticancer medicines available in hospital pharmacies at Nepalese cancer hospitals.MethodsThe price of different brands of the same anticancer medicines available in the hospital pharmacies of two cancer hospitals was assessed. Prices of different dosage forms such as a single tablet, capsule and vial were calculated. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical industries was determined, and the percentage variation in price was calculated. The prices of medicines (brands) were also compared with the price determined by the government where available.ResultsPrice variation was assessed for 31 anticancer medicines belonging to six broad categories. Prices were found to vary maximally among the following medicines, each belonging to separate categories: among alkylating agents, the price of temozolomide 100 mg capsule varied 308%; among antimetabolite agents, the price of pemetrexed 500 mg injection varied 134%; among hormonal drugs, the price of letrozole 2.5 mg tablet varied 200%; among antibody class, the price of trastuzumab 440 mg injection varied 73%; among natural products, the price of irinotecan 100 mg injection varied 590%; and among miscellaneous agents, the price of bortezomib 2 mg injection varied 241%. There was a significant difference in the mean MRP of the alkylating agents with the antimetabolites (p-value 0.006) and the monoclonal antibody (p-value <.001). Antimetabolites, natural products, hormonal therapy all had significant mean differences in their MRPs with the monoclonal antibodies. (p-value <.001) and the monoclonal antibodies had a significant mean difference in the MRP with the miscellaneous agents. (p-value <.001).ConclusionsThere was a considerable variation in the price of different brands of anticancer medicines available in the Nepalese market. The Government of Nepal has regulated the prices of some medicines, including anticancer medicine. However, it is not enough as prices of the majority of anticancer medicines are still not regulated. Therefore, further strategies are needed to address the variation in the prices of anticancer medicines available in the Nepalese market.

Un-Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride and its Growth on Nepalese Market

The paper presents an overview of some marketing strategies that are strongly influencing on the Nepalese un-plasticized poly vinyl chloride door and windows market. The result of the study reveals that product quality improvement is one of the important products related marketing strategies in the doors and windows market of Nepal and addition of new features. The study also reveals that advertisements and exhibitions/meets are two important promotional strategies influencing the consumers in their purchase. This study followed a judgmental sampling technique. The study shows that there is enough evidence to indicate that the brand preference is dependent on market segment in un-plasticized poly vinyl chloride windows in Kathmandu Valley market. Upon the analysis of the product delivery report of the past five years the market seems to be growing at an average rate of 25% annually. Un-plasticized poly vinyl chloride has comparative advantage over wood and aluminum profiles on technical, physical as well as overall performance comparison hence proving to be a better material for doors and windows.

Consumer Brand Preference in Buying Car in Nepal

The main objective this study is to identify the factors affecting the consumer brand preference in the choice of car in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study examines how the price perception, appearance perception and brand personality affect in the consumer brand preference in the buying of car in Nepalese market. The study focuses on how the consumer preferred to select the car and which factor has the more prominent role for brand preference and selection of car. Primary data has been used in the study. The structured questionnaire has been used for collection of primary data. Convenient sampling technique has been used to collect information from the respondents and 265 respondents have been taken from customers buying car in Kathmandu. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis have been used to diagnose data collected to draw valid conclusions using SPSS AMOS 21. Price perception, appearance perception and brand personality are taken as independent variables to explore the degree of relationship with consumer behavior and to explore the impact of these variables on consumer behavior while making decision to purchase a car. Correlation showed that all independent variables have significant relationship with dependent variable. The path analysis showed that there is a significant impact of appearance perception and brand personality on consumer behavior in buying of car but price perception has no significant impact on consumer behavior in buying of car in Nepalese market.

In-Vitro Evaluation of Amlodipine Tablets Available in Nepalese Market

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Determinants of Stock Price in Nepalese Market

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between stock price and explanatory variables like: DPS, EPS, P-E ratio, BV, Market to BV for the period 2012 to 2017. Using simple and multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics this study investigates the factor affecting the stock price. With the sample size of 11 financial and nonfinancial firms of Nepal, the result indicates that the variables Market to BV, P-E ratio are the significant determinants of stock price which directly affect the stock price. Likewise, DPS, BV also have significance positive influence on stock price whereas EPS has minimum influence on the stock price.

Gastrointestinal parasites of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae Latham, 1790) in Ostrich Nepal Pvt. Ltd Gongoliya, Rupandehi, Nepal

Ostrich and Emu farming have been lunched with a very new concept to Nepalese market for their product in which parasitic diseases may cause significant effect to their production. In order to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of Emu, a total of 100faecalsamples were collected during the month of May/July 2015. All samples were microscopically examined by using direct smear and concentration techniques (floatation and sedimentation).Out of 100 faecal samples, 65% were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Overall, seven different species of gastrointestinal parasites including two protozoan, three nematodes and two cestodes were recorded. Amongprotozoan parasites, Eimeria sp. (30%) was more prevalent compared to Entamoeba sp.(10%). Among helminthes parasites, Ascaris sp. (15%)showed the higher prevalence rate followed by Dromaestrogylus sp. (10%), Davainea sp.(9%), Raillietina sp. (5%) and Heterakis sp. (5%). This study suggested that parasitic infection could be a serious problem in the farm hence needed to adopt appropriate control strategies in order to strengthen the successful emu production in Nepal.

Positional Accuracy of Online Geocoding Services: Case Study of Bhaktapur District

Data is food for Information Systems and location data is basis for GIS services. Geocoding services provide this data by converting Street Addresses like NCIT, Balkumari to corresponding geographic coordinates. These coordinates are then used in data processing to deliver services. Many services (especially location based), FourSquare, Uber, depend on these services for operation. Nepalese market is also increasingly using these services like Tootle, sarathi cab. Till now nobody knows how accurate the result of such services are. There exist multiple places with same name. Some names are not actual but referential. Accuracy of the services depend on the underlying database, the method used, the actual geographic location and also the actual query. Different methods yield different results. The assessment of accuracy and suitability of the geocoding services has not been conducted, yet they are being used extensively. The objective of this study is to compare the positional difference between two Geocoding methods, OpenStreetMap (OSM) Nominatim Service and Google Geocoding Services and compare them with standard government datasets to measure their discrepancy. For reference, settlement data from NGIID was used. Addresses were first geocoded to street level and positional difference in the results were calculated using havensire formula. The discrepancies were categorized into intervals of 100m. Out of 267 location points, 118 result were found in Nominatim, whereas only 86 were found in Google. Average discrepancy for Nominatim result was 175m and for Google it was 1810m. Comparisons show minimal difference in median and minimum values, while there were larger differences in the maximum value. Nominatim delivered comparatively accurate results and found more addresses than google. Google on the other hand gave huge mismatches for some cases. The study found out that the databases are missing in both cases as shown by the no of “not found" cases and that the results from Nominatim are more reliable than that of Google because of its hierarchical matching system and user friendly interface.

Evaluation of the registration status of fixed-dose drug combinations in Nepal

Objectives Analysing the registration status and the presence of fixed-dose drug combi- nations (FDCs) in different drug lists and formularies, encourages the use of rational FDCs and helps to remove the irrational combinations booming in the pharmaceutical market. This study aimed to evaluate the registration status of FDCs in different formula- ries and drug lists of Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate the registration of FDCs in the national drug list and their availability in the Nepalese National Formulary (NNF) 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines (15th Edition) 2007 and the Essential Drug List (EDL) of Nepal (third revision) 2002. Key findings A total of 81 FDCs were registered in Nepal. Of them, 47 were manufac- tured in India (58%), 33 in Nepal (41%) and one in Bangladesh (1%). Different brands of FDCs for the same generic medication were registered on the drug list. Most of the registered FDCs were for respiratory illness condition. Of the 81 registered FDCs, 7.0% were listed in the NNF, 6.0% on the EDL of Nepal and 11.0% on the WHO model list. Only three combinations were present in all the formularies and drug lists. Conclusions This study was successful in evaluating the registration status of different FDCs. The number of FDCs registered was quite substantial. There were many brand- name FDCs listed for the same generic drug. FDCs were predominantly of Indian origin. Combinations used for respiratory illness accounted for the highest percentage of the FDCs in the Nepalese market. Keywords fixed-dose drug combinations; Nepal; pharm aceutic al market; re gistra tion status