Designation Of Neotype Research Articles

Case 3571Crotalinus catenatusRafinesque, 1818 (currentlySistrurus catenatus) andCrotalus tergeminusSay in James, 1822 (currently Sistrurus tergeminus; Reptilia, Serpentes): proposed conservation of usage by designation of neotypes for both species

The purpose of this application, under Articles 78.1, 78.2.3 and 81 of the Code, is to conserve the long and continuing usage of the specific name Crotalinus catenatus Rafinesque, 1818 (currently Sistrurus catenatus) for a species of pygmy rattlesnake by designation of a neotype. In addition, in order to will conserve the nearly equally long and continuous usage of the name Crotalus tergeminus Say in James, 1822 (currently Sistrurus tergeminus or Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus) for another pygmy rattlesnake, the Commission is asked to designate a neotype for this nominal species also. Newly found evidence indicates that the name Crotalinus catenatus was based on a specimen of C. tergeminus, and to conserve the names of both nominal taxa designation of neotypes for each is required.

Eresia carlotaReakirt (Nymphalidae): The Designation of a Lectotype and the Return of the Type Locality to Colorado

The description of Eresia carlota Reakirt, 1866 (currently recognized as Chlosyne gorgone carlota) was based on specimens collected in 1864 in the foothills of the Front Range, west of Denver, Colorado. A subsequent neotype designation established the type locality as Cedar Hill, Missouri. The neotype, however, is inconsistent with the phenotype of this taxon as understood by Reakirt. More important, the neotype designation was based on an erroneous interpretation of the Code and is nomenclaturally invalid. A lectotype of Eresia carlota is designated, which restores this nominal taxon to its original concept and returns the type locality to Colorado.

Case 3527 Anguis jamaicensis Shaw, 1802 (currently Typhlops jamaicensis; Reptilia, Serpentes): proposed conservation of the specific name by ruling that it is not to be treated as a replacement name for A. lumbricalis Linnaeus, 1758 (currently T. lumbricalis) and the designation of neotypes for both taxa

The purpose of this application, under Article 78.1 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the specific names Anguis lumbricalis Linnaeus, 1758 and Anguis jamaicensis Shaw, 1802 for two species of blind snake from the Caribbean. As published both taxa were composite and the name A. jamaicensis was a replacement for A. lumbricalis. The name Typhlops lumbricalis has consistently been used for a species from Cuba, Isla de Juventud and Bahamas, and T. jamaicensis is used for a species from Jamaica. A neotype is designated for T. lumbricalis and it is proposed that a neotype be designated for T. jamaicensis in accord with accustomed usage. Typhlops lumbricalis is the type species of Typhlops Oppel, 1811, a genus with a distribution in Europe, Africa, Asia, Central and South America and some 140 species.

Molecular assessment of fungi in “black spots” that deface murals in the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli in Japan: <i>Acremonium</i> sect. <i>Gliomastix</i> including <i>Acremonium tumulicola</i> sp. nov. and <i>Acremonium felinum</i> comb. nov

Unidentified black spots (or stains) appeared on the plaster walls of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Public attention was drawn to the biodeterioration of the colorful 1,300-year-old murals. A total of 46 isolates of Acremonium sect. Gliomastix were obtained from various samples (mainly black spots) of the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus (TT) (sampling period, May 2004–December 2006) and the Kitora Tumulus (KT) (June 2004–May 2007). These isolates were assignable to four known taxa and a new species in the ‘series Murorum’ sensu W. Gams as inferred from the integrated analysis of phenotypic and genotypic (i.e., ITS and 28S rDNA-D1/D2 sequences) characters: these were Acremonium masseei, A. murorum, A. felinum comb. nov. with the neotype designation, A. polychromum, and A. tumulicola sp. nov., which have been accommodated in the validated series Murorum in the section Gliomastix. The black spots on the murals of the TT and KT were caused mainly by A. masseei and A. murorum, respectively.

Molecular assessment of fungi in “black spots” that deface murals in the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli in Japan: Acremonium sect. Gliomastix including Acremonium tumulicola sp. nov. and Acremonium felinum comb. nov

Unidentified black spots (or stains) appeared on the plaster walls of the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora Tumuli in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Public attention was drawn to the biodeterioration of the colorful 1,300-year-old murals. A total of 46 isolates of Acremonium sect. Gliomastix were obtained from various samples (mainly black spots) of the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus (TT) (sampling period, May 2004–December 2006) and the Kitora Tumulus (KT) (June 2004–May 2007). These isolates were assignable to four known taxa and a new species in the ‘series Murorum’ sensu W. Gams as inferred from the integrated analysis of phenotypic and genotypic (i.e., ITS and 28S rDNA-D1/D2 sequences) characters: these were Acremonium masseei, A. murorum, A. felinum comb. nov. with the neotype designation, A. polychromum, and A. tumulicola sp. nov., which have been accommodated in the validated series Murorum in the section Gliomastix. The black spots on the murals of the TT and KT were caused mainly by A. masseei and A. murorum, respectively.

The Golden and Mariana albatrosses, new species of pierid butterflies, with a review of subgenusAppias(Catophaga) (Lepidoptera)

This paper presents an overview of the subgenus Appias (Catophaga) Hubner (Pieridae). A beautiful golden-yellow member of the group, endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, Appias (Catophaga) aurosa Yata & Vane-Wright sp.n., is described as new. A small white species, Appias (Catophaga) mariana Yata & Chainey sp.n., is described as new from the Marianas. Four other taxa, A. (C.) athama (Blanchard), A. (C.) galba (Wallace) stat.rev., A. (C.) galene (Felder & Felder) and A. (C.) wardii (Moore), treated in most recent literature as subspecies, are recognized here as distinct, increasing the number of Catophaga species generally recognized from nine to 15. A brief review is given for each, with notes on their diagnosis, general distribution and known hostplants. An annotated synonymic checklist indicating subspecies, type localities and four new synonyms, and nine lectotype designations, one neotype designation and two type locality restrictions necessary to stabilize usage conclude the paper. Online Supporting Information provides an extensive discussion concerning the possible evolution of these butterflies with respect to polymorphism, speciation, coloration and hostplant relationships, a comprehensive list of type material for all available species group names belonging to the subgenus, and a complete bibliography for all citations in both the printed and online material.

Taxonomical notes on Oriental and Pacific jewel bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)

Taxonomical problems of various species of Oriental and Pacific jewel bugs are discussed. The identities of problematic species are clarified and their diagnostic characters are presented and illustrated. Coleotichus borealis Distant, 1899, erroneously synonymized with C. excellens Walker, 1867; and Brachyaulax cyaneovitta (Walker, 1867), erroneously synonymized with B. oblonga (Westwood, 1837) by previous authors, are recognized as distinct species. The following new synonymies are proposed: Poecilocoris lewisi (Distant, 1883) = P. separabilis Yang, 1934, syn. n.; P. rufigenis Dallas, 1851 = P. capitatus Yang, 1934, syn. n.; P. druraei (Linnaeus, 1771) = P. heissi Ahmad & Kamaluddin, 1982, syn. n.; Cantao ocellatus (Thunberg, 1784) = C. pakistanensis Ahmad & Kamaluddin, 1996, syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for Tectocoris (now Brachyaulax) oblonga, P. capitatus, P. separabilis, Poecilocoris lewisi var. peipingensis Yang, 1934, and Callidea (now Lamprocoris) obtusa Westwood, 1837. A neotype is designated for Scutellera (now Lamprocoris) lateralis Guérin-Méneville, 1838. As a consequence of the neotype designation, Lamprocoris lateralis will become a junior objective synonym of L. obtusus. Reversion to the senior name L. obtusus is considered to be undesirable, therefore, in order to preserve stability, no nomenclatural changes are proposed in this paper, but an application has been submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to suppress L. obtusus.

Case 3495Chionobas chryxusDoubleday, 1849 (currently Oeneischryxus; Insecta, Lepidoptera, nymphalidae): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype

The purpose of this application, under Article 75.5 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the name Chionobas chryxus Doubleday, 1849 (currently Oeneis chryxus) in its original and accustomed usage for a nymphalid butterfly from the Rocky Mountains by designation of an identifiable neotype. Chionobas chryxus Doubleday 1849 (currently Oeneis chryxus) was described and figured from a male specimen which has since been lost. The original figure perfectly matches males of one of the two species into which the species was later divided. In 1984 a female specimen was designated as lectotype but the lectotype lacks adequate locality data and is a female so cannot be determined as either of the two segregate species, and the validity of this designation under Article 72.4.1.1 of the Code is unclear. It is proposed that all previous type fixations for the species Chionobas chryxus be set aside and a male specimen identifiable as the species proposed in the original publication be designated as neotype.

Neotropical Pentatomidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the collection of Massimiliano Spinola preserved in the "Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali", Turin, Italy

One hundred and forty specimens of Neotropical pentatomids of the Spinola collection were examined and identified and are listed in the present work. Lectotypes are designated for Arvelius gladiator Spinola, 1837; Arvelius laciniatus Spinola, 1837; Audinetella bipunctata Spinola, 1850; Ochlerus cinctus Spinola, 1837; Pentatoma albocostatum Spinola, 1852; Pentatoma dimidiaticollis (Spinola, 1852); Pentatoma unidentatum Spinola, 1852; Schaefferella litigiosa Spinola, 1850, Sympiezorhincus tristis Spinola, 1837; and Thoreyella brasiliensis Spinola, 1850. A lectotype is also designated for Chlorocoris tau, putting aside the previous Neotype designation. The preservation status of each specimen is provided.

The typification of Zamia erosa and the priority of that name over Z. amblyphyllidia

AbstractThe lectotype designation of Zamia erosa O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins by Eckenwalder (1980) is corrected to a neotype as it does not constitute original material on which Cook & Collins based their description. The neotype designation is itself superseded, as the specimen selected by Eckenwalder is in serious conflict with the protologue, a conclusion based on over–looked descriptive and geographic information in the protologue, and new collections recently made near the type locality. A new neotype is designated. We have further determined that Z. erosa is an earlier validly published name for the species currently known as Zamia amblyphyllidia D.W. Stev.

Case 3501Acarus putrescentiaeSchrank, 1781 (currentlyTyrophagus putrescentiae; Acariformes, acaridae): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a replacement neotype

The purpose of this application, under Article 75.6 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage of the name Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781) for a ubiquitous, medically and economically important species of acariform mite (family acaridae) by setting aside the existing name-bearing type and designating a replacement neotype. Cultures of this mite species are maintained in many research institutions or companies and are commercially traded as a source of mite allergens, food for phytoseiid mites used in biological control, and for various molecular biology applications. A recent taxonomic treatment indicated that the taxonomic concept of T. putrescentiae involved two closely related species, one common and one rare, and the neotype designated by Robertson (1959) for T. putrescentiae corresponds to the rare species; the common species was renamed as Tyrophagus communis Fan & Zhang, 2007. We demonstrated that the prevailing usage of the name T. putrescentiae comprises almost exclusively the common species, the name T. communis is a junior synonym of eight previously named taxa with extant types, and we proposed a new name for the rare species: Tyrophagus fanetzhangorum Klimov & OConnor, 2009. The stability of zoological nomenclature is therefore threatened by the following: (1) the prevailing usage of the name T. putrescentiae was not maintained by Fan & Zhang (2007); (2) the name T. communis proposed for the common species is a junior synonym and, therefore, not valid; and (3) besides the eight taxa for which synonymy with the common species was verified by us, types of older taxa may also be discovered in the future thus posing another nomenclatural challenge. We propose to conserve the prevailing usage of the name T. putrescentiae by designation of a new neotype from a culture currently maintained in a research institution, which was cited in many published works and started from specimens collected close to the type locality of T. putrescentiae.

Redescription of the species of Anacroneuria Klapálek known from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brazil with a neotype designation, and a key to adults males, Amazonas, Brazil. (Plecoptera, Perlidae)

Redescription of the species of Anacroneuria Klapálek known from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brazil with a neotype designation, and a key to adults males, Amazonas, Brazil. (Plecoptera, Perlidae)

Re-description of the type series of Nectophrynoides viviparus (Bufonidae), with a taxonomic reassessment

The type series of Nectophrynoides viviparus (Tornier, 1905) from the southern Tanzanian highlands has been rediscovered in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. A re-description is given and a lectotype designated. Available topotypic material is included in our assessment of morphological variation in this population. With clarification of the species’ identity, nomenclatural confusions can be addressed. We reject the designation of an earlier neotype, and also of records attributed to the species north and east of the Southern Highlands.

Case 3479CuvieroniusOsborn, 1923 (Mammalia, Proboscidea): proposed conservation

The purpose of this application, under Articles 68 and 75 of the Code, is to conserve the generic name Cuvieronius Osborn, 1923, long and widely applied to extinct South American gomphotheriid proboscideans, by setting aside all previous type species fixations and designating Mastotherium hyodon Fischer, 1814 as the type species of Cuvieronius and by designating a neotype for that species. Because M. hyodon has long and universal (though incorrect) usage as the type species of Cuvieronius and because the type specimen of M. hyodon is unidentifiable, the type species and neotype designations are proposed to promote the stability and universality of nomenclature.

A New Torrent Catfish from Western Thailand (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae)

Amblyceps protentum is described herein as a new species of amblycipitid catfish from the Salween River drainage in western Thailand. It can be distinguished from Indochinese congeners except for A. kurzii by a more elongate, slender body most evident in the smaller body depth at anus (8.0–11.0% SL vs. 10.7–16.9) and caudal peduncle depth (8.0–10.3% SL vs. 10.1–15.9). It differs from A. kurzii in having a longer adipose-fin base (18.8–22.7% SL vs. 15.1–18.3) and larger eye (diameter 6.9–8.8% HL vs. 5.1–5.8). Amblyceps protentum is further diagnosed by the following combination of characters: predorsal length 24.1–28.9% SL, length of dorsal-fin base 10.5–13.2% SL, dorsal-to-adipose distance 26.3–32.2% SL; head width 12.1–15.0% SL, total vertebrae 41–42, an incomplete lateral line and deeply forked caudal fin with poorly-developed projections on proximal lepidotrichia of median rays. The taxonomic status of A. caecutiens and A. kurzii are discussed and a neotype designated for A. caecutiens. This neotype designation makes A. mucronatum a junior subjective synonym of A. caecutiens.

Case 3480 Mastodon waringi Holland, 1920 (currently Haplomastodon waringi; Mammalia, Proboscidea): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype

Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 75.5 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the name Mastodon waringi Holland, 1920, for a species of extinct South American proboscidean, by designating a neotype. Because M. waringi has had long and wide (though incorrect) usage as a species of Haplomastodon, and because the holotype of M. waringi is undiagnostic, the neotype designation is proposed to promote stability of nomenclature.

A new polyploid species of Pleurodema (Anura: Leiuperidae) from Sierra de Comechingones, Córdoba, Argentina and redescription of Pleurodema kriegi (Müller, 1926)

We describe a new anuran species of the genus Pleurodema from Sierra de Comechingones, Córdoba province, Argentina and redescribe Pleurodema kriegi with designation of neotype. The new species has lumbar glands and according to its external morphology is cryptic with Pleurodema kriegi. Morphometry, bioacoustics, erythrometry and cytogenetics have allowed differentiating the new species from Pleurodema kriegi. The new species, Pleurodema cordobae, is the single species of its genus with an octoploid chromosomic complement. Its distribution is only known from type locality and two temporary ponds located 5 kilometers away from the former.

Case 3463Testudo giganteaSchweigger, 1812 (currentlyGeochelone(Aldabrachelys)gigantea;Reptilia, Testudines): proposed conservation of usage of the specific name by maintenance of a designated neotype, and suppression ofTestudo dussumieriGray, 1831 (currentlyDipsochelys dussumieri)

The purpose of this application, under Article 75.8 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812 in its customary usage for the giant land tortoise (family testudinidae) found on Aldabra Atoll in the western Indian Ocean. Taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion in the 19th and early 20th centuries led to competing and contradictory proposals between 1982 and 2006 to supplant T. gigantea Schweigger, 1812, first with T. elephantina Duméril & Bibron, 1835 and then with T. dussumieri Gray, 1831. As a corollary, Aldabrachelys Loveridge & Williams, 1957, the genus-group name erected for the Aldabra tortoise, was supposedly reduced to a junior synonym of either the extinct Mascarene genus/subgenus Cylindraspis Fitzinger, 1835, or the South American genus/subgenus Chelonoidis Fitzinger, 1835, and replaced as the name of the Aldabra tortoise by the generic name Dipsochelys Bour, 1982. To stabilise the accustomed name of this species as Geochelone (Aldabrachelys) gigantea, a neotype of T. gigantea Schweigger, 1812 was designated in 2006. A subsequent claim of the rediscovery of the long-lost holotype now again threatens this usage and stable nomenclature by (1) rendering T. gigantea a junior subjective synonym of T. denticulata Linnaeus, 1766, (2) resurrecting the former nomen oblitum Testudo dussumieri Gray, 1831 for the Aldabra tortoise, and (3) setting aside the neotype of T. gigantea; this action also again threatens the established use of Aldabrachelys. The supposed holotype rediscovery is not unequivocally proven, and for the sake of nomenclatural universality and stability, it is proposed that the neotype designation of 2006 be affirmed and that T. dussumieri Gray, 1831 be suppressed.

Revision of the east Asian genus Achelipoda Yang, Zhang & Zhang, 2007 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) including designation of a neotype for Achelipoda pictipennis (Bezzi, 1912) and descriptions of six new species

The genus Achelipoda Yang, Zhang & Zhang, 2007 (Diptera: Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) is revised. The original type of Achelipoda pictipennis (Bezzi, 1912) from Taiwan has been lost and a neotype is designated to clarify the concept of the species. Full descriptions and keys are provided and six new species are described: A. kanaklua sp. n., A. kharkhema sp. n., and A. ngamlailai sp. n. from Thailand; A. vietnamensis sp. n. from Vietnam; A. tumida sp. n. from Singapore and A. subobscura sp. n. from Indonesia. The relationships of Achelipoda with other Chelipoda-like Hemerodromiinae are discussed.

Molecular systematics and morphometrics of Anoplocephaloides dentata (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae) and related species in voles and lemmings

This study presents extensive molecular phylogenetic and morphometric data for Anoplocephaloides dentata (Galli‐Valerio, 1905)‐like cestodes (Anoplocephalidae) and related species parasitizing arvicoline rodents (voles and lemmings) in the Holarctic region. The molecular phylogeny is based on nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA) and 28S ribosomal RNA. Anoplocephaloides dentata‐like cestodes included three main clades, two in western Eurasia and one in the Holarctic region (excluding western Eurasia). Three well‐supported sublineages were included in the southern European clade, one of which represents the true A. dentata from Chionomys nivalis and sympatric Microtus arvalis and Dinaromys bogdanovi. These clades generally had non‐overlapping distributions and showed a preference for certain host species. Multivariate analysis of morphometric data failed to discriminate unambiguously the various A. dentata‐like lineages recovered in the molecular phylogeny, although two to three of the (sub)lineages were morphologically divergent. The overall evidence suggests, however, that instead of a single host‐generalist species there are at least five more or less host‐specific species of A. dentata‐like cestodes. Colonization of new host lineages seems to have been the predominant mode of diversification, suggested by the considerable incongruence between host and parasite phylogenies at multiple taxonomic levels. Based on the results of the molecular survey, a redescription and neotype designation are provided for A. dentata.