Neonatal Body Research Articles

Clinical Manifestation and Epidemiological Finding of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Unusual Areas of Body in Neonates: A Systematic Review.

This study intends to increase awareness on the clinical and laboratory diagnosis as well as health care of newborns with trichomoniasis from infected mothers, to introduce this organism as a respiratory pathogen with lower prevalence in other areas, and to outline its manifestations and symptoms. All case report articles in English language regarding the presence of T. vaginalisin unusual areas among infants, which were available in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, and Web of Science published between 1980 and 2021 were searched and reported by two independent researchers. Titles and abstracts of all articles were reviewed for initial screening. After searching the articles and evaluating their quality, 9 full text articles were selected. All reported cases were from 8 different cities (4 countries) in the world. In most cases, the parasite was in the respiratory tract, but it was also reported in the brain and urogenital tract. The most common clinical symptom was respiratory distress. Although the possibility of trichomoniasis infection in unusual areas such as genitals is low, according to the reports collected from around the world, this parasite can also be present outside the genitals. Perhaps, reviewing trichomoniasis along with other diagnoses in these cases may lead to early diagnosis and treatment of the affected neonates.

Maternal Lipid Metabolism Is Associated With Neonatal Adiposity: A Longitudinal Study.

Pregnancy is characterized by progressive decreases in glucose insulin sensitivity. Low insulin sensitivity resulting in hyperglycemia is associated with higher neonatal adiposity. However, less is known regarding lipid metabolism, particularly lipid insulin sensitivity in pregnancy and neonatal adiposity. Because higher maternal prepregnancy body mass index is strongly associated with both hyperlipidemia and neonatal adiposity, we aimed to examine the longitudinal changes in basal and clamp maternal lipid metabolism as contributors to neonatal adiposity. Twelve women planning a pregnancy were evaluated before pregnancy, in early (12-14 weeks), and late (34-36 weeks) gestation. Body composition was estimated using hydrodensitometry. Basal and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp glucose and glycerol turnover (GLYTO) were measured using 2H2-glucose and 2H5-glycerol and substrate oxidative/nonoxidative metabolism with indirect calorimetry. Total body electrical conductivity was used to estimate neonatal body composition. Basal free-fatty acids decreased with advancing gestation (P = 0.0210); however, basal GLYTO and nonoxidative lipid metabolism increased over time (P = 0.0046 and P = 0.0052, respectively). Further, clamp GLYTO and lipid oxidation increased longitudinally over time (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0238, respectively). There was a median 50% increase and significant positive correlation during both basal and clamp GLYTO from prepregnancy through late gestation. Neonatal adiposity correlated with late pregnancy basal and clamp GLYTO (r = 0.6515, P = 0.0217; and r = 0.6051, P = 0.0371). Maternal prepregnancy and late pregnancy measures of basal and clamp lipid metabolism are highly correlated. Late pregnancy basal and clamp GLYTO are significantly associated with neonatal adiposity and account for ~40% of the variance in neonatal adiposity. These data emphasize the importance of maternal lipid metabolism relating to fetal fat accrual.

Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Newborn Body Composition: A Systematic Review.

The current literature demonstrates that not only is exercise during pregnancy safe, but it has substantial maternal and infant benefits and appears to influence infant growth/size throughout pregnancy and at birth. However, many existing studies have investigated only the effects of prenatal exercise on birth weight. The purpose of this review was to determine the impact or association of maternal physical activity during pregnancy on neonatal body composition assessed between birth and two weeks of age. Electronic database searches were conducted on 29 July 2019 for randomized control trials and cohort studies, with an updated search completed on 8 January 2021. A total of 32 articles that met eligibility criteria were selected for review. Overall, prenatal exercise was not associated with infant body composition at birth. Yet, five of the studies identified suggest that infant body composition could be influenced by higher volumes of mid-to-late term prenatal physical activity. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42020160138).

Blood chemistry and rectal temperature changes in a population of healthy, fall-born, suckling beef calves from birth to 72 h of age

To determine changes in suckling neonatal beef calf blood chemistry and body temperature during the first 72 h of life, jugular blood samples and rectal temperatures were obtained from 24 healthy, fall-born Angus-cross and Hereford calves (average calving date = September 11) at 0 (after standing, but pre-suckling), 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postnatally. Serum chemistry panels were conducted, and plasma triglycerides and serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were also determined. Data were analyzed using sampling hour as a repeated effect, and individual data points were compared to adult bovine reference intervals. All serum chemistry measures were affected by hour of age except bicarbonate (P = 0.48). Serum glucose, total protein, and globulin concentrations increased (P < 0.001) from 0 to 24 h. Plasma triglycerides increased (P < 0.001) from 0 to 6 h and 24 to 72 h. Serum urea nitrogen increased (P < 0.001) from 0 to 6 h and decreased (P = 0.01) from 48 to 72 h. Serum NEFA and creatine kinase (CK) increased (P < 0.001) from 0 to 6 h, but decreased (P ≤ 0.02) from 12 to 72 h. Serum magnesium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total and direct bilirubin increased (P < 0.001) during the first 12 h, then decreased (P < 0.001) from 24 to 72 h. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) increased (P < 0.001) from 0 to 12, and then decreased (P < 0.003) from 12 to 48 h. Serum creatinine decreased (P < 0.001) from 0 to 72 h, and albumin decreased (P < 0.01) from 0 to 12 h but increased (P < 0.001) from 24 to 48 h. Anion gap decreased (P ≤ 0.05) from 6 to 24 h. No serum components measured were within adult bovine reference intervals for all calves at all sampling times. All serum albumin concentrations were outside of reference intervals, and the majority of serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, CK, GGT, and total bilirubin were outside of reference intervals. More serum chemistry measures diverged from reference intervals in the first 24 h of neonatal life. Rectal temperature decreased (P = 0.003) from 0 to 6 h of age, then increased (P ≤ 0.02) from 12 to 48 h. In summary, blood chemistry profiles of healthy, suckling neonatal beef calves change over the first 72 h of life, indicating rapid changes in metabolism and physiology. Bovine reference intervals based on adults do not appear to represent neonatal calves; thus, neonatal status and animal age should be taken into consideration when interpreting serum chemistry in a clinical or research setting.

Changes in Serum Levels of Ketone Bodies and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin during Pregnancy in Relation to the Neonatal Body Shape: A Retrospective Analysis.

Among the physiological changes occurring during pregnancy, the benefits of morning sickness, which is likely mediated by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and induces serum ketone production, are unclear. We investigated the relationship between serum levels of ketone bodies and HCG in the first, second, and third trimesters and neonatal body shape (i.e., birth weight, length, head circumference, and chest circumference) in 245 pregnant women. Serum levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid peaked in late-stage compared with early stage pregnancy (27.8 [5.0–821] vs. 42.2 [5.0–1420] μmol/L, median [range], p < 0.001). However, serum levels of ketone bodies and HCG did not correlate with neonatal body shape. When weight loss during pregnancy was used as an index of morning sickness, a higher pre-pregnancy body mass index was associated with greater weight loss. This study is the first to show that serum ketone body levels are maximal in the third trimester of pregnancy. As the elevation of serum ketone bodies in the third trimester is a physiological change, high serum levels of ketone bodies may be beneficial for mothers and children. One of the possible biological benefits of morning sickness is the prevention of diseases that have an increased incidence due to weight gain during pregnancy.

Association of Pre-Pregnancy BMI and Gestational Weight Gain with Neonatal Body Size: A Cross- Sectional Study

Association of Pre-Pregnancy BMI and Gestational Weight Gain with Neonatal Body Size: A Cross- Sectional Study

215 Impact of Maternal Diabetes on Neonatal Body Composition, Energy Homeostasis and Hypothalamic Salivary Gene Expression

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) may exhibit decreased oral intake, requiring nasogastric feedings and prolonged hospitalization. We hypothesize that increased insulin exposure and resulting overgrowth in utero disrupts hypothalamic regulation of food intake, correlates to body composition and impacts feeding in IDMs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Infants born at ≥ 35 weeks gestation to mothers with gestational or type II diabetes (IDM cohort), and normoglycemic mothers (control cohort) were recruited. Infants born to mothers with Type I DM or preeclampsia and with a history of intrauterine growth restriction, opioid exposure, or major congenital anomalies were excluded. Salivary expression of known hunger signaling genes 5AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (NPY2R), leptin (LEP), ghrelin (GHRL), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) were quantified using RT-qPCR. Body composition was assessed via skinfold measurements and compared and correlated between cohorts. Feeding outcomes were recorded. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 23 infants were recruited in each cohort. POMC and AMPK were expressed by 71% and 88% of infants respectively in both cohorts. NPY2R was expressed by 79% and 83% of the diabetic cohort and normoglycemia cohort respectively, while GHRL was expressed by 75% and 79% of the diabetic cohort and normoglycemia cohort, respectively. LEP and ADIPOQ were not reliably expressed in either cohort. Infants with a higher body fat percentage were less likely to express NPY2R (OR= 0.76). There was no significant association between body fat percentage and expression of AMPK, POMC, or GHRL. Only 3 IDMs were noted by providers to exhibit poor oral intake, limiting our ability to correlate gene expression and body composition with feeding outcomes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Non-invasive assessment of hunger signaling gene expression is possible through salivary analysis of AMPK, POMC, NPY2R, and GHRL. Given the paucity of IDMs with poor feeding in our study, future studies should target IDMs requiring feeding support to understand mechanisms driving aberrant feeding behavior.

Differences in long-term effects of standard rodent diets on blood glucose and body weight of offspring.

Standard rodent diets are similar and contain well-balanced components, such as crude protein, fat, fiber, and ash. However, it is not clear whether there are differences in their long-term effects on metabolism. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term feeding of major standard diets, CRF-1, CE-2, and FR-1 to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice on the blood glucose levels and body weight gain of their offspring, which were raised on the same diet and in the same environment as the mothers. The offspring have been influenced by the maternal diet during the fetal and neonatal stages, and were maintained on the same diet thereafter (until 60weeks of age). In the CE-2 group, the offspring showed stable blood glucose levels and had the lowest body weight. The FR1 group showed the lowest blood glucose level, but body weight was increased significantly compared to the CE-2 group. In the CRF-1 group, higher blood glucose levels were seen from the neonatal stage and body weight increased more rapidly than in the other groups. Next, to determine the effects of blood glucose level and housing pattern on food and water consumption, severely diabetic (hyperglycemic) inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) transgenic (Tg) mice and littermate WT mice (normoglycemic) were fed CE-2 diet and housed individually or in groups. Food and water consumption of WT mice was independent of housing pattern, whereas Tg mice showed significantly increased food and water consumption when housed individually, compared to group housing, and this did not change at different ages. Thus, the selection of standard diet and rearing method can have a marked impact on experimental outcomes in experiments using mice and presumably mouse cells, especially in studies of metabolism, diabetes, and obesity.

A secondary analysis of maternal ultra-processed food intake in women with overweight or obesity and associations with gestational weight gain and neonatal body composition outcomes.

BackgroundThis study is an observational secondary analysis of the Lifestyle Intervention for Two (LIFT) randomised controlled trial data. There is a paucity of data related to mechanisms of health effects and dietary intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF). Earlier studies demonstrate associations between greater UPF intake and weight gain. The purpose of the study was to describe associations among maternal UPF intake with gestational weight gain (GWG) and neonatal body composition.Material and methodsWomen with overweight or obesity (n=156) and offspring (n=126) with complete energy intake, anthropometrics and body composition measures were selected. Maternal weights and diet recalls (Automated Self-Administered 24) were measured at weeks 14 and 35 gestational age (GA). Body composition was assessed by infant quantitative magnetic resonance (infant-QMR) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) at birth. Dependent variables were GWG and neonatal fat mass, fat-free mass, and lean mass at birth; covariates were dietary, socioeconomic and biological. Stepwise linear regressions were used to test associations.ResultsHighest quartile of percentage of energy intake from UPF (PEI-UPF) was not significantly correlated with maternal GWG (p=0.215), infant QMR fat (p=0.816) and lean mass (p=0.423) or ADP fat (p=0.482) or fat-free mass (p=0.835).ConclusionsWhile no significant associations with UPF were observed in this smaller size cohort, further investigations would be justified in larger cohorts on the relationships of maternal UPF intake and GWG and offspring outcomes. Clinical Trial NCT01616147

Infrared Thermography with High Accuracy in a Neonatal Incubator

As the accuracy of body temperature measurement is especially critical in premature infants on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), noninvasive measurement using infrared thermography (IRT) has not been widely adopted in the NICU due to a lack of evidence regarding its accuracy. We have established a new calibration method for IRT in an incubator, and evaluated its accuracy and reliability at different incubator settings using a variable-temperature blackbody furnace. This method improved the accuracy and reliability of IRT with an increase in percentage of data with mean absolute error (MAE) < 0.3 °C to 93.1% compared to 4.2% using the standard method. Two of three IRTs had MAE < 0.1 °C under all conditions examined. This method provided high accuracy not only for measurements at specific times but also for continuous monitoring. It will also contribute to avoiding the risk of neonates' skin trouble caused by attaching a thermistor. This study will facilitate the development of novel means of administering neonatal body temperature.

Gestational weight gain in women with type 2 diabetes and perinatal outcomes: A secondary analysis of the metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy) trial

AimsOur study assesses perinatal outcomes among women with type 2 diabetes, with gestational weight gain (GWG) within and outside of US Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, by conducting a secondary analysis of the Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy (MiTy) trial. Methods460 participants were classified into three cohorts by total and weekly GWG (excessive, appropriate vs. restricted according to IOM). The primary outcome was birthweight z score, and secondary outcomes included both maternal and fetal outcomes. ResultsWomen with restricted (total and weekly) GWG had lower birthweight z score, lower fetal birthweight, and lower neonatal body fat mass. Women with restricted weekly GWG had fewer LGA, extreme LGA, and lower neonatal body fat mass infants, but more SGA and preterm births. Women with excessive (total and weekly) GWG had higher maternal total insulin doses in the third trimester. Women with excessive weekly GWG had more preeclampsia and higher SGA. ConclusionsRestricted GWG among women with type 2 diabetes is associated with both benefits and harms. Both must be considered when counseling patients.

Neural Sociometrics: Toward Early Screening of Infant Psychosocial and Brain Health to Improve Lifelong Mental Well-Being

Infant development depends on warm, responsive social interactions that richly stimulate the senses, acting through multiple pathways to orchestrate healthy maturation of the neonatal brain, mind, and body. Conversely, adverse early experiences seed vulnerabilities for poor cognition and emotional instability. Although we routinely measure many aspects of infant physical health (hearing, weight), no clinical tools currently exist to measure early psychosocial health and brain development. Here, neural sociometrics (real-time multi-sensor imaging of adult–infant social interactive behavior and neurophysiology) is discussed as one possible precision measurement framework. Early psychosocial health screening, paired with precision therapeutics, could fundamentally alter a child's development trajectory toward lifelong mental well-being and productivity. Further, population-level measurements of social brain health could forecast mental capital growth (and deficits) for entire communities and generations. This article calls for the prioritized development of early scalable diagnostic instruments to reveal the status of infant mental wellbeing and brain health.

INTERGROWTH-21st versus a customized method for the prediction of neonatal nutritional status in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) generate complications and are one of the principal causes of maternal, foetal, and neonatal mortality worldwide. It has been observed that in pregnancies with HDP, the incidence of foetuses small for their gestational age (SGA) is twice as high as that in noncomplicated pregnancies. In women with HDP, the identification of foetuses (SGA) is substantially important, as management and follow-up are determined by this information.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether the INTERGROWTH-21st method or customized birthweight references better identify newborns with an abnormal nutritional status resulting from HDP.MethodA comparative analysis study was designed with two diagnostic methods for the prediction of neonatal nutritional status in pregnancies with HDP. The performance of both methods in identifying neonatal malnutrition (defined by a neonatal body mass index < 10th centile or a ponderal index < 10th centile) was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic odds ratio, Youden’s index and probability ratios.ResultsThe study included 226 pregnant women diagnosed with HDP. The customized method identified 45 foetuses as small for gestational age (19.9%), while the INTERGROWTH-21st method identified 27 newborns with SGA (11.9%). The difference between proportions was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Using body mass index (< 10th centile) as a measure of nutritional status, newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH-21st (RR: 4.87 (95% CI: 1.86–12.77) vs. 3.75 (95% CI: 1.49–9.43)) (DOR: 5.56 (95% CI: 1.82–16.98) vs. 4.84 (95% CI: 1.51–15.54)) Even when using Ponderal index (< 10th centile), newborns identified as SGA by the customized method showed a higher risk of malnutrition than those identified as SGA by INTERGROWTH-21st (RR 2.37 (95% CI: 1.11–5.05) vs. 1.68 (95% CI: 0.70–4.03))(DOR 2.62 (95% CI: 1.00–6.87) vs. 1.90 (95% CI: 0.61–5.92)).ConclusionIn pregnant women with HDP, the predictive ability of the customized foetal growth curves to identify neonatal malnutrition appears to surpass that of INTERGROWTH-21st.

Estimation of neonatal body fat percentage predicts neonatal hypothermia better than birthweight centile

Introduction PEA POD™ air displacement plethysmography quickly and noninvasively estimates neonatal body fat percentage (BF%). Low PEA POD™ BF% predicts morbidity better than classification as small-for-gestational-age (SGA; <10th centile), but PEA PODs are not widely available. We examined whether skinfold measurements could effectively identify neonates at risk; comparing skinfold BF%, PEA POD™ BF% and birthweight centiles’ prediction of hypothermia – a marker of reduced in utero nutrition. Methods Neonates had customized birthweight centiles calculated, and BF% prospectively estimated by: (i) triceps and subscapular skinfolds using sex-specific equations; and (ii) PEA POD™. Medical record review identified hypothermic (<36.5 °C) episodes. Results 42/149 (28%) neonates had hypothermia. Skinfold BF%, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.66, predicted hypothermia as well as PEA POD™ BF% (AUC = 0.62) and birthweight centile (AUC = 0.61). Birthweight <10th centile demonstrated 11.9% sensitivity, 38.5% positive predictive value (PPV) and 92.5% specificity for hypothermia. At equal specificity, skinfold and PEA POD™ BF% more than doubled sensitivity (26.2%) and PPV increased to 57.9%. Conclusion Neonatal BF% performs better to predict neonatal hypothermia than birthweight centile, and may be a better measure of true fetal growth restriction. Estimation of neonatal BF% by skinfold measurements is an inexpensive alternative to PEA POD™.

Physical activity and sedentary behaviours during pregnancy are associated with neonatal size at birth

Background. Pregnancy is a crucial time to examine modifiable maternal behaviours associated with neonatal outcomes so that preventative measures can be taken against childhood obesity. Objectives. This study aimed to examine the pathways through which maternal physical activity impacted neonatal size and body composition. Methods. A subsample of participants who had objectively measured physical activity data were included from a pregnancy cohort study. Sociodemographic data were collected at the first visit during pregnancy. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was calculated at each visit, and the presence of gestational diabetes, hypertension and HIV were assessed. Physical activity was measured using a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer, at 14 - 18 weeks’ and 29 - 33 weeks’ gestation. At delivery, gestational age, birthweight and length were measured and neonatal body composition was analysed. A structural equation model (SEM) was run with either weight-to-length ratio (WLR) or fat mass index (FMI) as the outcome. Results. A total of 84 participants were included in this study, and a subsample of neonates (n=45) also had FMI data. Most (66%) mothers presented as overweight or obese at their first visit, and gained on average 0.35 (19) kg per week. The SEM showed that only gestational age at delivery and sedentary time were positively associated with WLR. Step count was directly associated with GWG (ß=-0.02, p=0.01), and with gestational age (ß=0.16, p=0.04), and was therefore indirectly associated with decreased fetal abdominal circumference. Conclusion. This study showed that increasing daily step count and decreasing sedentary behaviour could have beneficial effects on maternal health as well as delivery outcomes and neonatal size.

Investigation of HoxB3 and Growth Factors Expression in Placentas of Various Gestational Ages.

An evaluation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factors receptor 1 (FGFR1) and Hox-positive cells in the human placenta, and their correlation with gestational time at delivery and pregnancy outcomes, may provide not only a better understanding of the role of Hox genes and growth factors in human development, but also may be of clinical importance in reproductive medicine. This study analyzed the immunohistochemical identification of TGFβ, HGF, FGF-2, FGFR1 and HoxB3 in placentas of various gestational ages. We found few (+) TGFβ, moderate (++) FGF-2 and numerous (+++) HGF and FGFR1 positive structures. Occasional (0/+) to numerous (+++) HoxB3-positive structures were detected in different types of placental cells specifically, cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblast, extravillous trophoblasts, and Höfbauer cells. Correlating the appearance of HoxB3 staining in placentas with neonatal parameters, we found a statistically significant negative correlation with ponderal index (r = −0.323, p = 0.018) and positive correlation with neonate body length (r = 0.541, p = 0.046). The number of HoxB3-positive cells did not correlate with growth factors and gestational age, but with neonatal anthropometrical parameters, indicating the role of HoxB3 not only in placental development, but also in the longitudinal growth of the fetus. TGFβ and FGF-2 did not play a significant role in the development of the placenta beyond 22nd week of pregnancy, while HGF and FGFR1 immunoreactive cells increased with advancing gestation, indicating increasingly evolving maturation (growth, proliferation) of the placenta, especially in the third trimester.

The vitrification system may affect preterm and cesarean delivery rates after single vitrified blastocyst transfer

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of different vitrification systems on single vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles. The clinical and birth outcomes of 412 patients who underwent single vitrified blastocyst transfer between January 2018 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and compared between patients who underwent blastocyst vitrification with kit A (group A, 196 patients) and those who underwent blastocyst vitrification with kit B (group B, 216 patients). Clinical outcomes, including the clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, late miscarriage rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, twin pregnancy rate, and induced labor rate due to fetal malformation, were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The preterm delivery rate among singleton newborns (11.57% vs. 3.23%, P < 0.05) and the cesarean delivery rate were significantly higher in group B than in group A (70.25% vs. 57.26%, P < 0.05). Birth outcomes, including the male-to-female ratio, low-birth-weight rate, macrosomia rate, birth defect rate, newborn gestational age, neonatal body weight, and singleton neonatal body length, were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that different vitrification systems might differentially affect birth outcomes. Such disparity could reflect differences in kit composition and/or protocol. ABBREVIATIONS: DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; ES: equilibration solution; VS: vitrification solution; BMI: body mass index; ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval

Simulating effect of neonate body position on carbon dioxide tension in oxygen tent

Oxygen therapy is a common method of respiratory support, but its use involves the risk of carbon dioxide recycling and the development of hypercapnia in the patient.The aim of the study. Assess the carbon dioxide tension in the oxygen tent depending on the patient's body position in the experimental newborn Model.Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the phantom of the newborn. Influence of 3 patient positions at fresh mixture feed rate 2.5, 5, 7 and 10 l/min is evaluated. Monitoring of the carbon dioxide tension was carried out using Testo 480, measurements were carried out for 60 minutes.Results of the study. A clear relationship was established between the position of the newborn's body and the tension of carbon dioxide in the oxygen tent. The minimum tension of carbon dioxide is noted in the patient's position ≪on the back≪ at a fresh mixture feed rate of 7.5 l/minute and is 527 ± 64 ppm, and the maximum ‒ in the child's position ≪on the stomach≪ at the same oxygen-air mixture feed rate: 1180 ± 63 ppm.Conclusion. The position of the newborn baby's body is the main factor affecting the carbon dioxide stress in the oxygen tent.

The impact a Mediterranean Diet in the third trimester of pregnancy has on neonatal body fat percentage.

Maternal diet during pregnancy has long been recognised as an important determinant of neonatal outcomes and child development. Infant body composition is a potentially modifiable risk factor for predicting future health and metabolic disease. Utilising the Mediterranean Diet Score, this study focused on how different levels of Mediterranean Diet adherence (MDA) in pregnancy influence body fat percentage of the infant. Information on 458 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy and their infants was obtained from The ORIGINS Project. The data included MDA score, body composition measurements using infant air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD), pregnancy, and birth information. Infants born to mothers with high MDA had a body fat percentage of 11.3%, whereas infants born to mothers with low MDA had a higher body fat percentage of 13.3% (p = 0.010). When adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index and infant sex, a significant result remained between high vs. low MDA and infant fat mass (FM) (2.5% less FM p = 0.016). This study suggests that high MDA in pregnancy was associated with a reduced body fat percentage in the newborn. Future studies are needed to understand whether small but significant changes in FM persist throughout childhood.

OP06.04: Correlation of fetal soft tissue with neonatal body composition

OP06.04: Correlation of fetal soft tissue with neonatal body composition