Pediatric anesthesia covers a diverse population that ranges from the preterm infant to the adolescent. Ongoing knowledge and learning is required for continued safe and effective anesthesia care for this group. Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia:A Case-Based Handbook provides this in a comprehensive yet accessible manner through case-based learning. This book is a Second Edition, published by Oxford University Press (October 2018). It is more concise than the First Edition from 2012, with 263 fewer pages while still covering the same 71 topics. There are 4 new editors (Williams, Olutoye, Seipel, and Aina) with 2 of the previous editors contributing. Contributors are mostly from pediatric hospitals in the United States, the majority of who are practicing in Ohio and Texas. A number of contributions are from the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. This book aims to provide broad coverage of the field of pediatric anesthesia through a wide range of clinical scenarios. The book is suitable for anesthesiologists at all levels of training but also includes highly specialized topics such as ex utero intrapartum anesthesia and liver transplantation. The structure of the book is divided into 15 parts with chapters on 5 or 6 related topics. For some parts, the topics did not correlate with the part heading. The format is a case-based discussion for all topics. Each topic is introduced briefly followed by the learning objectives, a case presentation followed by discussion in the form of specific questions and answers with a summary. Some readers may prefer a format whereby the case is partially presented so as to stimulate the reader to apply knowledge gained from the discussion to address the management of the case. Topics conclude with a short list of annotated references with brief commentary of their findings. This format allows each chapter to be read as an independent topic. The case-based discussion format of the book lends itself to a more stimulating read than perhaps a standard textbook would. General topics such as upper respiratory infection, malignant hyperthermia, and fasting are made interesting by the patient case history and the relevant questions in the discussion. Topics such as mitochondrial diseases, craniosynostosis repair, and organ donation after cardiac death are specialized areas, but the case presentation format makes them readable for all. Anesthesia management of conditions common in term or preterm infants, for example, laparotomy for necrotizing enterocolitis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair, omphalocele/gastroschisis, and tracheoesophageal fistula repair, is described. However, the book is not specific enough as a neonatal anesthesia textbook. Controversial or contemporary topics such as transfusion in Jehovah’s Witness, airway management in children with upper airway infection, neurotoxicity in children, and management of preoperative anxiety are discussed in a balanced, evidence-based manner. Part 15 covers challenges in ethics. The ethical principles are well described, but legal positions may vary depending on the jurisdiction one works in and should be read with this in mind. Presentation of information throughout the book would benefit from more images with better resolution and in some cases color illustration. A number of images, particularly of radiographs are not of sufficient clarity. Some topics would be better supported with schematic charts or tables. Unfortunately, there is no eBook version offered by the publisher—merely a downloadable same text resource without supplementary videos or images. There is some repetition of information in general areas such as transfusion management that are applicable to multiple topics—however, consistent information is given and allows each topic to be read in isolation. Postoperative analgesia for most of the surgical topics is only described in general with no detail on dosages or specific regimes for that type of surgery. The topic of acute pain management is short and generalized. There is also no topic covering chronic pain or persistent postsurgical pain management, although one form of chronic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, is discussed in detail. Regional anesthesia is another area not covered well—mentioned briefly as part of discussion in some topics. The book’s listed retail price is 98 USD. This is comparable to other books in this field with similar target audiences. In terms of content, this book is similar to other general textbooks on pediatric anesthesia of similar length. Nevertheless, we found that the case-based format approach made each topic interesting and easy to read while still being comprehensive allowing the book to fulfill the role as a standalone pediatric anesthesia textbook with only the topic of neonatal anesthesia requiring an additional textbook. We would recommend this book to all residents and those involved in the provision of anesthesia for children, including specialist pediatric anesthesiologists. Ian McBride, MB, FCAIDepartment of AnaesthesiologySouth Infirmary Victoria University HospitalCork, Ireland[email protected] Stephen Mannion, MD, MRCPI, FCARCSI, FJFICMIDepartment of AnaesthesiologySouth Infirmary Victoria University HospitalCork, IrelandDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity College CorkCork, Ireland James Purcell, PHD, MB, BSCDepartment of AnaesthesiologySouth Infirmary Victoria University HospitalCork, Ireland