Neomycin Research Articles

Indole Family and Neomycin Sulfate: Inductors of Differentiation in C2C12 and RD cell Lines

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly aggressive tumor primarily affecting the pediatric population, that generally originates from a failure in the embryonic differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Standard treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with a poor prognosis, especially when it spreads to other parts of the body, highlighting the need for new treatment approaches. In this study, cellular differentiation was investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for an embryonal subtype of RMS (eRMS) employing a human eRMS cell line, RD; and comparing it with a normal murine myoblast cell line, C2C12. We observed that not only a serum free or a low serum concentration in the cultured medium induce morphological changes towards differentiations, but also staurosporine, bisindolylmaleimide, and neomycin sulfate (direct or indirect protein kinase inhibitors) induces differentiation in RD and C2C12 cell lines, suggesting a crucial role of PKC, PLC and its signaling pathways in a proliferation/differentiation switch. These findings underscore the importance of exploring cellular differentiation as a therapeutic strategy against RMS and highlight the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms of kinase inhibitor-induced cellular differentiation as a potential cancer treatment.

Clinical Experience of Using a Combination of Dexamethasone and Levofloxacin After Cataract Surgery.

Where routine prophylactic antibiotics have been adopted following cataract surgery, rates of endophthalmitis have been decreasing. Intracameral and topical antibiotics are currently used to prevent endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. When applying topical antibiotics, there are different recommendations on the frequency and duration of therapy. The development of bacterial resistance to the excessive and long-term use of antibiotics is a growing problem worldwide. The goal is to achieve a good antibiotic effect with the shortest possible use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a new combination therapy of dexamethasone and levofloxacin for seven days after cataract surgery with the previous regimen of dexamethasone, neomycin sulfate, and polymyxin B, which was given for 21 days. A retrospective analysis of medical records and administered a questionnaire was conducted to assess the effectiveness of postoperative therapy in our cataract surgery patients. The study involved 52 patients who underwent surgery within the last year, performed by a single surgeon at our institution. The findings can help us improve the quality of care we provide and optimize our patients' overall quality of life. We conducted an in-depth study on 52 individuals who underwent cataract surgery at our institution. The prescribed therapeutic regimen for the participants included administering Ducressa solution four times daily for the first seven days and Maxidex solution three times daily for the subsequent 14 days. The study found that none of the participants experienced complications after surgery, and all found it easy to instill the medication. The prescribed regimen effectively managed the postoperative recovery of the participants, and the medication was well-tolerated. Our research found that a new combination of levofloxacin and dexamethasone, when used topically, may require a shorter treatment period, reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance and providing a safe alternative for endophthalmitis prevention.

Speedy Recovery of Subcutaneous Abscess and The Presence of Overgrown Nails in A Pygmy Hedgehog: A Case Report

This study reported that a 15-month-old intact female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was presented to IPB University Veterinary Teaching Hospital to evaluate a 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 0.5 cm mass on the left ventral thorax, three days after the mass was first discovered by the owner. Overgrown nails were observed on all four toes of each of the four limbs of the hedgehog. The body weight was 150 g, and the axial temperature was 36.5°C. The heart and respiratory rates were 180 per minute and 40 per minute, respectively. After a thorough physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with subcutaneous abscesses and overgrown nails. The abscess was surgically resected using a local anesthetic. The overgrown nails were trimmed to prevent further injury and the recurrence of abscesses. Following surgery, the hedgehog was discharged directly from the hospital and treated using Amoxicillin 15 mg/kg per oral every 12 hours for seven days, daily routine wound cleaning with sodium chloride, and topical powder of neomycin sulfate 5 mg/g and bacitracin 250 IU/g. The patient responded effectively to the systemic treatment, and medical signs and symptoms resolved. The hedgehog fully recovered from the subcutaneous abscess 14 days after the first hospital visit. No recurrence was reported in the subsequent month after resolution.

Quality Control Analysis of Neomycin, Gramicidin and Triamcinolone in Ointment Formulation using HPLC Methodology: Methodology Development, Validation and Application

The combination of gramicidin (GMN), a bactericidal agent; neomycin (NMN), an aminoglycoside; and triamcinolone (TAA), a glucocorticoid, is used for treating eye infections that are accompanied by inflammation. The contents of GMN, NMN, and TAA in eye ointments must be monitored for quality. In this research, a quick, selective, and robust stability-indicating HPLC method has been developed for the concurrent assay of GMN, NMN, and TAA in bulk and ointment formulations. Analysis was performed using ODS, a250mm × 4.6mm column and mobile phase having 0.1% aqueous formic acid-acetonitrile with a ratio of 20:80 v/v; PDA analysis was performed at 225nm. The elution times for GMN, NMN, and TAA were 2.597min, 4.440min, and 3.251 min, respectively. The GMN, NMN, and TAA linear ranges were 0.625 µg/ml to 3.75 µg/ml, 6.25 µg/ml to 37.50µg/ml and 2.5µg/ml to 15.0µg/ml, respectively. The method is precise with 0.68-0.96% (GMN), 0.52-1.02% (NMN), and 0.26-0.62% (TAA) RSD values. The method is accurate with 98.75-101.25% (GMN), 98.61-100.33% (NMN), and 98.67-100.23% (TAA) recovery values. In degradation investigation, the degradant’s peak elution times are different from the elution times of GMN, NMN, and TAA. Thus, the proved specificity and stability indicating the power of the method. Finally, this developed analytical approach was efficaciously applied to a commercial ointment formulation containing afixed dose of GMN, NMN, and TAA, demonstrating its usefulness for quality control and degradation investigations on GMN, NMN, and TAA.

Sensitization to ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in patients with contact dermatitis in northeastern Italy from 1996 to 2021.

Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride is a versatile aliphatic amine found in numerous medications and industrial compounds and is a known sensitiser. The sensitization prevalence is affected by geographical and socio-cultural factors. The objectives are to analyse the temporal trend of sensitization to ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in northeastern Italy and to investigate associations with occupations. Between 1996 and 2021, 30 629 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested with the Triveneto baseline series. Individual characteristics were collected through a standardised questionnaire. The overall prevalence of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride sensitization was 1.29% with percentages similar in both sexes. We observed a significant decreasing trend over time (p < 0.001), yielding a sensitization prevalence <1% in recent years. Among departments, residence in Pordenone area was protective for sensitization. No significant associations were observed with specific occupations. We found significant associations between ethylenediamine dihydrochloride sensitization and being 26-35 years old (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-2.08), and sensitization for many haptens, such as paraben mix (OR, 5.3; 95% CI: 3.3-8.5), epoxy resin (OR, 5.1; 95% CI: 3.0-8.7), neomycin sulphate and mercaptobenzothiazole. Our study showed a downward time trend of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride sensitization in northeastern Italian population and pointed to an update of the Triveneto baseline series.

Construction of antibiotic-induced depression mice model and the function of intestinal microbiota

Many research studies focus on intestinal microbiota-related depression induced by the usage of antibiotics, but the use of antibiotics is fairly different. To construct an effective antibiotic-induced depression mice model and explore the effect of intestinal microbiota in antibiotic-induced depression, we used several kinds of antibiotic mixtures to induce mice depression and used depression-related behavioral tests and neurobiological factors to evaluate the construction of the antibiotic-induced depression mice model. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the above data, and the optimal model was selected according to the stability of the results and the simplicity of the modeling methods. Metagenomic analysis and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of intestinal microbiota from antibiotic-induced depression mice were performed to analyze the effect of intestinal microbiota. The results showed that antibiotic mixture A (1.25 μg/mL natamycin, 5 mg/mL neomycin sulfate, and 5 mg/mL bacitracin), antibiotic mixture B (24 mg/mL bacitracin, 24 mg/mL neomycin sulfate, 9.6 mg/mL ampicillin, 4.8 mg/mL meropenem, and 1.47 mg/mL vancomycin), and antibiotic solution D (only containing 5 mg/mL neomycin sulfate) could induce depression-like behavior in mice. By using these antibiotics, the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tissues were significantly decreased. All the above results were consistent with those of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression mice. The FMT results showed that fecal microbiota from antibiotic-induced depressed mice transplanted into normal mice (8 weeks-old male C57BL/6J SPF mice) also could induce depression-like behavior and cause similar changes in neurobiological factors. Metagenomic analysis showed that the community structure of microbiota in the intestinal tract of antibiotic-induced depression mice was significantly different from that in control mice, the intestinal microbiota species diversity in antibiotic-induced depression mice was lower, the lipoic acid metabolism pathway was significantly activated, and the abundance of functional gene lipA was explicitly increased. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) further verified the abundance of enriched bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of antibiotic-induced depression mice. In summary, the specific antibiotic mixtures can induce depression by causing changes in intestinal microbiota in mice. Antibiotic-induced depressed mice show differences in intestinal microbiota abundance, high enrichment of the unique metabolic pathway, and the functional gene.

TRANSCONJUNCTIVAL ENUCLEATION OF PROLAPSE BULBUS OCULI SINISTRA IN A FEMALE PERSIAN CAT

A Persian cat named Mochi, one and a half years old, female and not yet sterilized, experienced a condition where her eyeballs popped out of the orbital cavity due to trauma from fighting. Based on the history and results of physical examination, the animal was diagnosed with left bulbus oculi prolapse with an infausta prognosis. The action taken to handle this case is the transconjunctival enucleation operation of the bulbus oculi sinistra which aims to remove blind and sick eyes as a last option when the disease cannot be cured with drug therapy. Postoperative systemic therapy by giving the antibiotic cefotaxime injection at a dose of 0.65 mg, via intravenous (IV), given twice a day for three days, then followed by oral antibiotic cefixime trihydrate at a dose of 25 mg, given twice daily for five days to prevent secondary infection. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory tolfenamic acid was given at a dose of 0.26 mg, by subcutaneous (SC), given once a day for five days. In addition, the oral vitamin Livron B.plex® is given as much as one tablet per day, given for seven days. The surgical wound was also cleaned using chlorhexidine, then smeared with Bioplacenton® ointment containing placenta extract 10% neomycin sulfate, applied sufficiently to the surgical wound at intervals of twice a day and also applied povidone iodine once a day until the wound dries. The process of recovering animals after enucleation surgery takes 10 days and shows good wound healing results and conditions. After treatment, it is necessary to routinely examine the suture wound and provide Elizabeth's collar so that the stitches are not scratched.

Formulation of neomycin and streptomycin for the digestive decontamination of carbapenemases producing klebsiella pneumoniae

Formulation of neomycin and streptomycin for the digestive decontamination of carbapenemases producing klebsiella pneumoniae

Selective Sensing in Microbial Fuel Cell Biosensors: Insights from Toxicity-Adapted and Non-Adapted Biofilms for Pb(II) and Neomycin Sulfate Detection.

This study introduces the utilization of self-powered microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensors for the detection of biotoxicity in wastewater. Current MFC-based biosensors lack specificity in distinguishing between different pollutants. To address this limitation, a novel approach is introduced, capitalizing on the adaptive capabilities of anodic biofilms. By acclimating these biofilms to specific pollutants, an enhancement in the selectivity of MFC biosensors is achieved. Notably, electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) were cultivated on 3D porous carbon felt with and without a model toxicant (target analyte), resulting in the development of toxicant-resistant anodic biofilms. The model toxicants, Pb2+ ions and the antibiotic neomycin sulfate (NS), were deployed at a concentration of 1 mg L-1 during MFC operation. The influence of toxicity on biofilm growth and power production was investigated through polarization and power density curves. Concurrently, the electrochemical activity of both non-adapted and toxicity-adapted biofilms was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Upon maturation and attainment of peak powers, the MFC reactors were evaluated individually as self-powered biosensors for pollutant detection in fresh wastewater, employing the external resistor (ER) mode. The selected ER, corresponding to the maximum power output, was positioned between the cathode and anode of each MFC, enabling output signal tracking through a data logging system. Subsequent exposure of mature biofilm-based MFC biosensors to various concentrations of the targeted toxicants revealed that non-adapted mature biofilms generated similar current-time profiles for both toxicity models, whereas toxicity-adapted biofilms produced distinctive current-time profiles. Accordingly, these results suggested that merely by adapting the anodic biofilm to the targeted toxicity, distinct and identifiable current-time profiles can be created. Furthermore, these toxicity-adapted and non-adapted biofilms can be employed to selectively detect the pollutant via the differential measurement of electrical signals. This differentiation offers a promising avenue for selective pollutant detection. To the best of our current knowledge, this approach, which harnesses the natural adaptability of biofilms for enhanced sensor selectivity, represents a pioneering effort in the realm of MFC-based biosensing.

OTITIS EXTERNA UNILATERAL IN CROSS BREED SHIH TZU DOG

Otitis externa is an inflammatory disease of the outer ear canal. Otitis externa can be caused by several factors such as bacteria, fungi, foreign bodies, parasitic infestations, immune diseases and atopic dermatitis. The purpose of writing this case report is to review Otitis Externa in dogs and the appropriate handling and treatment measures. A Shih Tzu crossbreed dog with cream colored hair aged 5 years and weighing 10.8 kg was examined with complaints of a runny and smelly right ear accompanied by itching and the dog stroked its head. On clinical examination, it was shown that the right ear of the case dog secreted cerumen fluid and had a pungent odor. The ear mucosa also looks reddish and slightly swollen. The results of ear swab examination on the case dog showed Otodectes cynotis mite infestation and the results of cytology examination found rod-shaped bacteria. The diagnosis in animal cases was unilateral otitis externa with a fausta prognosis. Treatment of otitis externa in case dogs is given drops of a combination of Polymyxin B Sulphate, Neomycin Sulphate, Fludrocortisone Acetate, and Lidocaine HCl (Otilon®) by administering 3 drops, 2 times a day in the right ear for 14 day. Evaluation of case dogs after being given treatment for 14 days showed a good response, where the dog had stopped scratching its ears, there was no redness and no Otodectes cynotis mites were found. Case animal owners are advised to diligently clean their dog's ears and try to keep them dry. And also cut the animal's hair that is on the inside of the ear. Pet owners are also advised to diligently clean their dog's ears and try to keep them dry. And also cut the hair of animal cases that are on the inside of the ear to reduce the possibility of otitis not recurring.

OTITIS EXTERNA DUE TO COMPLICATION OF OTODECTES CYNOTIS, BACTERIA, AND MALASSEZIA SP. ACCOMPANIED BY SCABIOSIS IN DOMESTIC CAT

Otitis externa is an inflammatory state of the external ear canal due to the colonization of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, or parasites). Scabiosis in cats is a highly contagious disease caused by the Notoedres cati mite. The purpose of this article is to provide information on the diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic evaluation of otitis externa with scabiosis in a local cat. The case animal was a 2-year-old female Oren, weighing 2.75 kg and with orange, black, and white hair. The cat was brought to the Teaching Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints of frequent scratching of the right and left ears since 1 month ago. On physical examination, dark brown cerumen was found in the right and left ear canals. In the supporting examination, ear swab found Otodectes cynotis mite cytology ear cerumen observed the presence of bacteria in the form of cocci and bacilli, and Malassezia sp. While in the examination of skin scrapings found Notoedres cati mite. Based on anamnesis, clinical examination and supporting examination, the case cat was diagnosed with bilateral otitis externa and scabiosis with a prognosis of fausta. For the treatment of otitis, the therapy given was topical treatment using antiparasitic permethrine, antibiotic neomycin sulfate, antifungal nystatin and anti-inflammatory triamnicolone acetonide given once a day for 7 days. For the treatment of scabiosis, the therapy given is Ivermectin injection at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg BW subcutaneously twice administered at 14-day intervals. As symptomatic therapy, diphenhydramine was given at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW intramuscularly, followed by diphenhydramine HCL orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg BW given twice a day for 7 days as an antihistamine to treat pruritus. Topical therapy was also given by bathing with sulfur soap twice a week for two weeks. Evaluation was carried out on day 10 where the case cat showed a continuously improving condition characterized by the case cat rarely scratching the ears, the crusts on the skin had begun to thin, and the parts that were initially alopecia had begun to grow hair.

Pre-Treatment with Bromelain Prevents Intestinal Dysbiosis in Pigs with Post-Weaning Diarrhea, without Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli.

Pigs are especially vulnerable to intestinal pathogens and dysbiosis in the first two weeks after weaning. Infection with enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) in combination with poor nutrition and hygiene can lead to diarrhea, poor growth and increased mortality. While neomycin and zinc oxide can prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), their broad-spectrum activity also kills commensal microbiota and can lead to the emergence of heavy metal and antimicrobial resistance. Bromelain prevents attachment of F4 ETEC to intestinal enterocytes by cleaving the host receptor. In controlled environmental facilities, weaned pigs treated with either therapeutic levels of neomycin sulfate, zinc oxide, bromelain or non-treated were monitored for diarrhea, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, excretion of F4 ETEC, changes to their intestinal microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance in E. coli. The treatment effects were evaluated at weaning, during two weeks of treatment and for three weeks after treatments ceased. Minimal clinical signs of PWD were observed, except in zinc-treated pigs post treatment. Intestinal dysbiosis was observed in response to diarrhea and in pigs treated with both neomycin and zinc. Antimicrobial resistance increased in commensal E. coli isolated from neomycin- and zinc-treated pigs. In contrast, bromelain controlled PWD and prevented intestinal dysbiosis without inducing antimicrobial resistance.

High prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Salmonella Gallinarum.

Antibiotic resistance is an indicator of the passively acquired and circulating resistance genes. Salmonella Gallinarum significantly affects the poultry food industry. The present study is the first study of the S. Gallinarum biofilm in Iran, which is focused on the characterization of the S. Gallinarum serovars and their acquired antibiotic resistance genes circulating in poultry fields in central and northwestern Iran. Sixty isolates of S. Gallinarum serovar were collected from feces of live poultry. The bacteria were isolated using biochemical tests and confirmed by Multiplex PCR. Biofilm formation ability and the antibacterial resistance were evaluated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. According to Multiplex PCR for ratA, SteB, and rhs genes, all 60 S. Gallinarum serovars were Gallinarum biovars. In our study, the antibiotic resistance rate among isolated strains was as follows: Penicillin (100%), nitrofurantoin (80%), nalidixic acid (45%), cefoxitin (35%), neomycin sulfate (30%), chloramphenicol (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftazidime+clavulanic acid. All sixty isolates did not express the resistance genes IMP, VIM, NDM, DHA, blaOXA48, and qnrA. On the other hand, they expressed GES (85%), qnrB (75%), Fox M (70%), SHV (60%), CITM (20%), KPC (15%), FOX (10%), MOXM (5%), and qnrS (5%). All S. Gallinarum isolates formed biofilm and expressed sdiA gene. Considering that the presence of this bacteria is equal to the death penalty to the herd, the distribution of resistance genes could be a critical alarm for pathogen monitoring programs in the region. This study showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and 50% of tested resistance genes. Also, it was found that the most common circulating S. gallinarum biovars are multidrug-resistant.

Situational Analysis and Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance among Broiler Poultry Farmers in Nepal.

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to conduct a situational analysis, and second, to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of broiler poultry farmers (BPF) regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Data were collected from 500 BPF across 40 districts, representing 88.1% of Nepal's broiler poultry population. Among these farmers, 81.0% were male, 59.6% had up to 4 years of experience in poultry farming, and 50.8% had completed at least a high school education. The most used antimicrobials on the farms were doxycycline (23.5%), neomycin (17.1%), and colistin sulfate (9.6%) out of 27 reported antimicrobials. While the BPF exhibited limited knowledge (62.6%) and practice (55.5%) related to AMU and AMR, their overall attitude toward these issues was positive (91.6%). This study also identified significant factors influencing farmers' attitudes toward AMU and AMR. Farmers aged 31-40 showed a stronger inclination compared to other age groups (OR = 4.2, p = 0.02), and those using antimicrobials for preventive purposes had a more favorable attitude compared to those using them for other purposes (OR = 5.9, p = 0.02). In light of these findings, this study recommends the implementation of effective regulatory measures for drug usage, along with awareness programs addressing AMU and AMR to address the issue of AMR in poultry production.

Edwardsiella tarda in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): A Pathogenicity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Genetic Analysis of Brazilian Isolates.

Edwardsiella tarda is a crucial pathogenic bacterium in tropical aquaculture. This bacterium was recently isolated from tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a commercially important fish species in Brazil. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the tambaqui-derived E. tarda isolates. Fourteen bacterial isolates isolated from tambaqui were identified as E. tarda by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and dnaJ gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against seven drugs using the disc diffusion assay. The pathogenicity test conducted by intraperitoneal injection of 2.4 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) fish-1 of E. tarda (ED38-17) into tambaqui juveniles eventually revealed that neither clinical signs nor death were present. However, splenomegaly and whitish areas in the spleen and kidneys were observed. The histological investigation also revealed granulomatous splenitis, nephritis, and hepatitis occurring internally. Repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR fingerprinting separated the 14 isolates into three genetic groups. The antibiogram revealed that all E. tarda isolates were wild-type (WT) to florfenicol (FLO), norfloxacin (NOR), neomycin (NEO), erythromycin (ERY), and oxytetracycline (OXY); however, some were non-wild-type to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (7.1%) and amoxicillin (21.4%). Therefore, through experimental infection, E. tarda ED38-17 could induce pathogenic effects in C. macropomum. Additionally, three distinct genetic types were found, and the E. tarda isolates were WT to FLO, NOR, NEO, ERY, and OXY. These findings raise awareness of a bacteria causing unseen lesions, a pathogen that will potentially impact tambaqui aquaculture in the future.

The effect of selected aminoglycoside antibiotics on human serum albumin antioxidant activity: a spectroscopic and calorimetric comparative study

BackgroundHuman serum albumin (HSA) is a valuable component of non-enzymatic and endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. The antioxidant activity of HSA can be modulated by ligands, including drugs. Although this is a central topic in the field of oxidation, there is still a lack of information about the protection against the effects of elevated free radical levels.MethodsThe aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of kanamycin (KAN) and neomycin (NEO) and their effect on the antioxidant potential of HSA using spectroscopic and microcalorimetric techniques.ResultsDespite the fact that kanamycin and neomycin interact with HSA, no changes in the secondary structure of the protein have been observed. The analysis of the aminoglycoside antibiotics showed their low antioxidant activity and a synergistic effect of the interaction, probably due to the influence of ligands (KAN, NEO) on the availability of HSA amino acid residues functional groups, such as the free thiol group (Cys-34).ConclusionsBased on the spectroscopic and microcalorimetric data, both KAN and NEO can be considered modulators of the HSA antioxidant activity.

EXCICISION OF LIPOMA IN THE SINISTRA FEMORIS REGION SKIN IN A MIX LABRADOR AND POMERANIAN DOG

Lipoma is a benign tumor consisting of mature adipocyte tissue that grows abnormally. This case study aims to determine about treatment and diagnosis of lipoma in dog. The animal in this case is a female mixed Labrador and Pomeranian dog, 11 years old, weighing 17.6 kg with complaints of a large mass that hang in the area of the hind limb. Supportive examination was carried out by histopathological examination. The presence of tumor cells in the form of spindle cells, homogeneous maturation of lipid cell poiferation were found. Based on its medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory examination, the dog was diagnosed with Lipoma. Premedication was given in the form of atropine sulfate at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg BW (SC), and anesthesia in the form of a combination of xylazine at a dose of 2 mg/kg of BW and ketamine at a dose of 13 mg/kg BW (IM). Surgery was performed with excision of the tumor mass in the hind leg area. Postoperatively, the antibiotic cefotaxime was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg of BW (IM), followed by administration of cefixime trihydrate syrup 100 mg/5ml at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW by PO for five days and anti-inflammatory tolfenamic acid at a dose of 4 mg/kg BW by SC for three days. Neomycin Sulfate powder was given sufficiently until the wound dries. On the 12th day of postoperative, the wound fused and there were no complications. In conclusion, based on the anamnesis and all supportive examinations, the dog was diagnosed with lipoma on hind legs, and was treated with tumor tissue excision. The dog’s condition was observed to be stable, and no other complaints were reported post-treatment.

Evaluation of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Xanthan Gum Hydrogels Loaded with Neomycin Sulfate as Systems for Drug Delivery.

In recent years, multidrug-resistant bacteria have developed the ability to resist multiple antibiotics, limiting the available options for effective treatment. Raising awareness and providing education on the appropriate use of antibiotics, as well as improving infection control measures in healthcare facilities, are crucial steps to address the healthcare crisis. Further, innovative approaches must be adopted to develop novel drug delivery systems using polymeric matrices as carriers and support to efficiently combat such multidrug-resistant bacteria and thus promote wound healing. In this context, the current work describes the use of two biocompatible and non-toxic polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and xanthan gum (XG), to achieve hydrogel networks through cross-linking by oxalic acid following the freezing/thawing procedure. PVA/XG-80/20 hydrogels were loaded with different quantities of neomycin sulfate to create promising low-class topical antibacterial formulations with enhanced antimicrobial effects. The inclusion of neomycin sulfate in the hydrogels is intended to impart them with powerful antimicrobial properties, thereby facilitating the development of exceptionally efficient topical antibacterial formulations. Thus, incorporating higher quantities of neomycin sulfate in the PVA/XG-80/20-2 and PVA/XG-80/20-3 formulations yielded promising cycling characteristics. These formulations exhibited outstanding removal efficiency, exceeding 80% even after five cycles, indicating remarkable and consistent adsorption performance with repeated use. Furthermore, both PVA/XG-80/20-2 and PVA/XG-80/20-3 formulations outperformed the drug-free sample, PVA/XG-80/20, demonstrating a significant enhancement in maximum compressive stress.

Influence of konjac glucomannan and its derivatives on the oral pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agent in antibiotics cocktails: Keep vigilant on dietary fiber supplement

In this study, konjac glucomannan (KGM) and its derivatives were gavaged as dietary fiber supplements, followed by a single dose of antibiotic cocktail (Abx) containing amoxicillin, neomycin, metronidazole and vancomycin in mice. The effects of dietary fiber on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of each antibiotic were investigated. The results showed that the specific effects of KGM and its derivatives on the absorption, distribution, and elimination of certain antibiotics varied and depended on the nature of the fibers and the characteristics of the antibiotics. Explicitly, the ingestion of KGM and its derivatives enhanced the absorption of metronidazole by 1.7 times and hindered that of amoxicillin by nearly 36 % without affecting the absorption of neomycin sulfate and vancomycin. KGM and its derivatives had no effect on the distribution of amoxicillin and metronidazole, but DKGM and KGM hindered the distributions of neomycin sulfate (from 1.25 h to 1.62 h) and vancomycin (from 0.95 h to 1.14 h), respectively. KGM and its derivatives promoted the elimination of amoxicillin by nearly 38 % while prolonging that of metronidazole by >50 %. KOGM boosted the elimination of neomycin sulfate and vancomycin, but KGM differed from DKGM in acting on the elimination of both.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Pullulan Composite Hydrogels as a Potential Platform for Wound Dressing Applications.

Hydrogels are 3D networks with an excellent ability to retain a high amount of water or biological fluids, representing suitable candidates for wound dressing applications. They can provide a protective barrier and a moist environment, facilitating wound treatment. The present paper focuses on physical hydrogels obtained from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and pullulan (PULL) mixtures in different weight ratios by using the freezing/thawing method. Hybrid hydrogels of similar polymer compositions were prepared in the presence of 0.5% Laponite® RD. The influence of polysaccharide and clay addition on the properties of PVA hydrogels was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed evidence of the inner porous structure. The viscoelastic properties were investigated in different shear conditions and revealed the influence of the hydrogel composition on the network strength. The swelling behavior was followed in physiological saline solutions at 37 °C and pH = 7.4. For all samples, a quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanism was found. The delivery of neomycin sulfate was studied in similar conditions as for the swelling tests (0.15 M NaCl solutions; 37 °C; pH = 7.4) and different kinetic models were used to determine the release mechanism. The Peppas-Sahlin approach described very well the in vitro drug release mechanism from the polymeric hydrogels in the absence of clay. However, the hybrid polymer/clay hydrogels showed the best fit with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. According to the present study, the porous membranes containing 40-60% PULL (in absence of clay) are suitable for the release of therapeutic agents at wound sites in physiological conditions.