Neodymium Research Articles

Vegetable Seedlings Production Under Seed Magnetization and Use of Magnetized Water

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of seed magnetization (SM) and irrigation water (WI), using commercial (CO) and Neodymium (NEO) magnetizers, on the development of seedlings of lettuce, eggplant, cucumber, sweet pepper and okra. Method: The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with 5 treatments for each species, with 4 replications, being T1: irrigation with non-magnetized water; T2: SM-NEO + non-magnetized water; T3: SM-CO + non-magnetized water; T4: non-magnetized seeds + WI-NEO; and T5: non-magnetized seeds + WI-CO. The following were evaluated: emergence speed, emergence time, percentage of emergence, dry matter, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves and plant height. Result and conclusion: For lettuce, WI-NEO showed the best results and, for sweet pepper, SM-CO, irrigating with non-magnetized water. For cucumber, SM or WI provided a reduction in seedling formation time. For eggplant and okra, we recommended SM-NEO and irrigated with non-magnetized water. In general, seed magnetization caused better results than irrigation water magnetization. Implications of research: Quality seedlings produced in short time and at low cost are of great importance for the formation of vegetable crops. Originality/value: Seed magnetization and the use of magnetized water are innovative, low-cost technologies for producing seedlings of high vigor and quality.

Preparation and thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of neodymium disilicate via sol-precipitation and sintering

Preparation and thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of neodymium disilicate via sol-precipitation and sintering

A Comparative Study on Photocatalytic Performance of Perovskite Materials Synthesized from Discarded Rare Earth Magnet with the one from Pure Neodymium Salt

Perovskite-type rare earth orthoferrite (ReFeO3) nanocrystalline were synthesized by using sol-gel citrate method and followed by calcination from oxalate salt Re2(C2O4)3, which composed of Nd (76.5 %), Pr (14.8 %), Dy (5.5 %) and Tb (3.2 %) recovered from discarded neodymium magnets (NdFeB) in hard-disk-drive waste. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopes (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET), Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The perovskite NdFeO3 was synthesized under the same conditions from an analytical grade pure salt to be used as a control material. Photocatalytic characteristics of both perovskite ReFeO3 and NdFeO3 were investigated through evaluation of methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light. The degradation efficiency of MB by the ReFeO3 catalyst was higher than that by NdFeO3 after 3 h of illumination under visible light. The degradation efficiency could reach 99.2 % and the photocatalytic capacity remained after 5 cycles for ReFeO3 catalyst.

The Abundances of Praesodymium and Neodymium in χ Lupi A

The Abundances of Praesodymium and Neodymium in χ Lupi A

Reduction of photon contamination in electron therapy of cancer with magnetic fields

Introduction: Photon contamination is a restriction on treatment with electron that increase dose to healthy tissue below the tumor. The aim of this study is to reduce the photon contamination using a magnet system. Materials and Methods: A mini-applicator equipped with two neodymium boron permanent magnets was designed which make it possible to adjust the distance between magnets. Mini-applicator was placed in standard applicator of Varian 2100 CD linear accelerator. Mini-applicator was modeled in CST studio finite element software. Deflection angle and displacement of electron beam transporting through magnetic field were calculated. Different transverse magnetic intensities were created by determining the amount of 2 to 5 cm for distance between two poles. The treatment head was rotated to deflected electrons become normal to the water surface. Dosimetry was performed in a water phantom using EBT2 gafchromic film. Films were scanned with HP G3010 reflecting scanner. Optical density in red channel was extracted by programming in MATLAB. Dose curves in presence of magnetic field compared with frame without magnetic field. Results: Simulated and measured magnetic field intensities are consistent. Maximum deflection angle is 32.9 degree for 12 MeV and minimum deflection is 12.1 degree for 15 MeV electron beam. Scanned film showed clearly that photons exit from electron field. The photon contaminations without magnetic field were 4.5 and 2.6 percent for 15 and 12 MeV respectively which using highest magnetic field intensity have decreased to 0.9 and 0.2 percent. Conclusion: A magnetic mini-applicator was created and modeled using finite element method. The deflection angle and displacement of electrons beam was calculated. By applying magnetic field, photon contamination can be reduced. Energetic electrons can be used without concern for adverse effects on healthy depth tissue.

Lasers and intense pulsed light for the treatment of rosacea

Rosacea is a common skin disease clinically characterized by skin flushing, persistent erythema, papules/pustules and telangiectasia. Laser therapy is an ideal option for the treatment of rosacea-associated telangiectasia and rhinophyma. The most commonly used lasers include 585-/595-nm pulsed dye lasers, long-pulsed 1 064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, fractional laser, and so on. Intense pulsed light and pulsed dye laser have shown favorable therapeutic effects on rosacea-associated erythema and telangiectasia with high safety and short downtime. Long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser can only be used to target wide blood vessels and to treat resistant telangiectasia. CO2 laser, Er:YAG laser and fractional laser can be used to improve rhinophyma. In clinic, combined treatment using multiple lasers may result in better therapeutic outcomes. Key words: Rhinophyma; Lasers; Lasers, dye; Therapeutic uses; Intense pulsed light

Protolith of the Stak eclogite in the northwestern Himalaya

This paper reports the major, minor and trace element abundances and Nd isotope compositions of bulk rock samples of eclogites from the Stak Valley in northwestern Himalaya and discusses their protolith. Major element compositions confirm the basaltic nature of the protolith. Trace element abundances normalized to the primitive mantle show almost flat patterns at ten times the primitive mantle values with slightly high concentrations of Th and light rare earth elements. These patterns are similar to those of enriched MORBs. Neodymium isotope compositions are chondritic and the values of eNd lie between those of MORB and old Indian continental crust. Immobile trace element contents of Stak eclogites are similar to those of the Permian Panjal Traps and significantly different from those of the Deccan Traps erupted at 73–66 Ma in the northwestern Indian plate, suggesting that the Panjal Traps is the protolith of the Stak eclogites. The protoliths of ultra-high pressure eclogites in the Kaghan and Tso Morari massifs in northwestern Himalaya are also interpreted to be the Panjal Traps. The results of this study suggest that a large Permian igneous province developed at the northwestern margin of the Indian plate before the collision with the Eurasian continent.

Preparation and application of a new catalyst to produce bio-oil from microalgae liquefaction

In this study, hydrothermal catalytic liquefaction method was adopted to produce bio-oil from microalgae. The influence of supported Ni-Catalysts doped neodymium (Nd) on the bio-oil yield from microalgae liquefaction was investigated, aiming to find the optimal preparation procedure of bio-oil. It proved that under the condition of a temperature of 270°C and a reaction period of 30 min, the bio-oil yield of hydrothermal catalytic liquefaction of spirulina powder could reach 55.1% by means of the catalyst prepared with 1 mol/L neodymium nitrate as the dipping solution after a calcination for 4 h at 800°C. In addition, the characterization on catalyst was discussed in this research. Keywords: catalyst, bio-oil, microalgae, catalytic liquefaction, spirulina powder DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20171001.2599 Citation: Wang Y P, Nan G, Wang W J, Zhang J L, Han W. Preparation and application of a new catalyst to produce bio-oil from microalgae liquefaction. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(1): 169–175.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEODYMIUM IN THE APOGEE H-BAND SPECTRA

ABSTRACT We present the detection of 10 lines of singly ionized neodymium (Nd ii, Z = 60) in H-band spectra using observations from the SDSS-III Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey. These lines were detected in a metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.5), neutron-capture element-enhanced star recently discovered in the APOGEE sample. Using an optical high-resolution spectrum, we derive a Nd abundance for this star using Nd ii lines with precise, laboratory-derived gf values. This optical abundance is used to derive log(gf) values for the H-band lines. We use these lines to rederive Nd ii abundances for two more metal-rich, s-process enhanced stars observed by APOGEE and find that these lines yield consistent Nd ii abundances, confirming the Nd enhancement of these stars. We explore the region of parameter space in the APOGEE sample over which these lines can be used to measure Nd ii abundances. We find that Nd abundances can be reliably derived for ∼18% of the red giants observed by APOGEE. This will result in ∼50,000 Milky Way stars with Nd ii abundances following the conclusion of APOGEE-2, allowing for studies of neutron-capture element abundance distributions across the entire Milky Way.

Design and clinical application of a series of powerful ophthalmic magnet

Objective To evaluate the magnetic force and clinical efficacy of a series of ophthalmic powerful permanent magnet, which were designed and developed by the authors. Methods According to the requirements of the extraction of the foreign bodies of various location in the eye and the ocular anatomical characteristics, a series of ophthalmic powerful permanent magnet were designed. Including giant ophthalmic magnet, magnet for orbital foreign body and magnet for intraocular foreign body. Six types of magnet were made in those 3 categories. Nd-Fe-B (neodymium iron boron) was used as the magnetic sourc. Those series of magnets were used for the extraction of magnetic ocular foreign body. The procedure of foreign body extraction and surgical complications were observed. Results The ophthalmic powerful permanent magnet series showed strong magnetic force measured by WT10A teslameter. The magnetic force of type I ophthalmic magnet was 900 Tesla (mT, 1 mT=10 Gs), and the force of type Ⅱ was 800 mT. The magnetic forces of the magnet for orbital foreign body, the pen type ocular magnetic head and the needle type magnet were 450 mT, 570 mT and 30 mT respectively. One hundred and forty-five eyes of 137 cases with ocular magnetic foreign bodies were operated using the series of magnets. Foreign bodies were successfully removed from 138 eyes, and the success rate was 95.17%. During the follow-up of 3-6 months, no ocular complication caused by the use of magnets was found. Conclusion The ophthalmic powerful permanent magnet series have strong magnetic force. And they can smoothly extract the magnetic foreign bodies in eyelid, eyeball and orbit, with high success rate and less complications. They are ideal surgical tools for the extraction of ocular magnetic foreign bodies. Key words: Powerful magnet; Nd-Fe-B (neodymium iron boron); Foreign body, ocular, magnetic; Surgery

Prism method of studying the refractive index for zinc borate sodium glass doped neodymium oxide

Prism method of studying the refractive index for zinc borate sodium glass doped neodymium oxide

Penile cavernous hemangioma

Hemangiomas are benign lesions that occur in any part of the body in newborns or in young patients, they are typically capillary or cavernous. Cavernous hemangioma of the penis is extremely rare; and its etiology is not completely understood. Treatment options (surgical excision, laser therapy or sclerotherapy…) are controversial and are required if pain, cosmetic defect and/or bleeding during intercourse. We report a case of a 26 years old man presented with a five years history of a painless lesion on his penis. Physical examination showed an ovoid, solid, 1 x 2 mm in size on the dorsum of penis (Panel A) and two elevated irregular lesions on the ventral side (Panel B). The lesions were compressive, nonpulsatile and bluish-red in color with strawberry like appearance. Biopsy and histopathological examination of the lesion revealed a gaping and communicating vessels proliferated in the superficial and medium dermis which is pathognomonic for cavernous hemangioma (Panel C and D). Given the small size, the large number of the lesions, the young age, and the ulceration risk during intercourse if skin graft after excision, Neodymium: YAG laser coagulation was recommended to get a good cosmetic results and sexual function satisfaction.

Clinical analysis on children uveitis complicated cataract surgery

To explore the efficacy of operation on children's complicated cataract induced by uveitis and discuss the therapeutic methods in perioperative period and the influencing factor of effect in treatment. Retrospective case series study. Thirteen cases (17 eyes) children's complicated cataract induced by uveitis who were treated by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in Peking union medical college hospital from Feb.2002 to Dec.2011 were collected. The characteristics, perioperative medical managements, surgical approach, postoperative visual, complications and follow-up states postoperatively were observed. Total of 13 cases (17 eyes) of children uveitis, which including 4 cases (4 eyes) of male, 9 cases (13 eyes) of female, and 1 (1 eye) Reiter's symptom and 2 (3 eyes) juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were collected. The average operative age was (9.6 ± 2.4) years. The average time of inflammation fully controlled was (6.44 ± 5.88) months. All 17 eyes were received phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, among them 12 eyes were received pupil forming meanwhile. Prednisolone 0.8-1.0 mg × kg⁻¹ × d⁻¹ was used 3 days pre-operatively or on the operation day, 6 serious patients were given additional systemic immunosuppressive treatments. All patients were followed up from 8-72 months; the average follow-up time was (36.4 ± 19.8) months. The average using time of prednisolone was (5.4 ± 6.5) months. At the final point, 14 eyes got the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.3 or better. Among those, 12 eyes BCVA were 0.6 or better. All BCVA were improved significantly compared with pre-operative which was lower than 0.3. During the follow up periods, Neodymium: YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy was performed in 14 eyes because of the posterior capsular opacity (PCO). Other postoperative complications were seen as macular edema (3 eyes), uveitis recurrence (9 eyes), secondary glaucoma (5 eyes) and IOL reduction (2 eyes). The method of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens on children's complicated cataract induced by uveitis could improve the visual acuity effectively. The opportunity of the operation, properly medical applications perioperatively and follow-up postoperatively was crucial for a successful operation.

Experimental study on influence of cut current tail on xenon flashlamp work performance

As radiation sources for pumping solid state lasers, xenon flashlamp is a most important optical device in inertial confinement fusion. Experimental study on cutting current tail was carried out. The influences on discharge channel, temperature rise of the flashlamp outside surface, vibration caused by shock wave, fluorescence of neodymium glass were measured. Without the current tail, the effect of plasma on xenon flashlamp inner surface was weakened and the temperature rise of flashlamp outside surface reduced. Meanwhile, cutting more current tail had no effect on shock wave and would lower the output of neodymium fluorescence.

Synthesis of Polyisoprene with Narrow Relative Molecular Mass Distribution Using Nd(OiPr)3-based Catalytic System

The effects of chloride donor and aging temperature of neodymium isopropoxide /diisobutylaluminum hydride / chloride donor( Nd( OiPr)3/ Al( iBu)2H / RCl) catalyst on isoprene polymerization were investigated. The resulting polymer was fully assessed by NMR,IR and GPC. Chloride donors greatly influenced the relative molecular mass distribution( MWD) of plyisoprene and only Nd( OiPr)3/ Al( iBu)2H / Me2SiCl2catalytic system could afford polyisoprene with a narrow MWD. In the Nd( OiPr)3/ Al( iBu)2H / Me2SiCl2catalytic system,the polymerization results showed that MWD of polyisoprene kept around 1. 5 when the catalyst was aged at 0 ~ 50 ℃ and became much broader( MWD 6. 0) when the aging temperature was above 50 ℃. Additionally,the yield and 1,4-content of polyisopere increased with the aging temperature.

Studies on Butadiene Polymerization by Using Neodymium Chloride Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Complex as Catalyst

Studies on Butadiene Polymerization by Using Neodymium Chloride Ethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Complex as Catalyst

네오디뮴 폐자석 재활용을 위한 화학환원법을 이용한 철 나노 분말 제조

네오디뮴 폐자석 침출액으로부터 희유금속인 네오디뮴을 회수하기 위해서는 네오디뮴과 같이 침출되는 철의 부가가치를 높이는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 네오디뮴과 같이 침출되는 철의 유용자원화를 위한 기초연구로 철 나노분말 제조하는 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구는 $FeCl_3$ 용액을 철 분말 원료로, 분산제는 $Na_4O_7P_2$ 와 Polyvinylpyrrolidone를 이용하였고, 환원제로는 $NaBH_4$ , 철 나노분말 핵생성 촉진제 시드(seed)로 염화팔라듐을 사용하였다. 제조한 철 나노분말을 XRD, 전자현미경(SEM) 및 PSA 등을 이용하여 분말의 형상 및 크기 등을 분석하였다. 철과 $NaBH_4$ 의 농도비가 1 : 5이며, 반응시간이 30분 이상인 경우에서 철 분말이 제조되었으며, 이때 철 분말은 구형이었으며, 입도는 약 50 nm ~ 100 nm 크기였다. 분산제 $Na_4O_7P_2$ 의 경우 100 mg/L에서 철이온의 제타포텐셜이 음의 값을 가지므로 100 mg/L로 일정하게 하고, PVP와 Pd의 농도를 다양하게 하였을 경우, $FeCl_3$ 와 PVP와 Pd의 질량비 1 : 4 및 1 : 0.001에서, 분산이 양호하고, 입도 100 nm 크기인 철 나노분말을 합성하였다. 【Recycling process of iron should be developed for efficient recovery of neodymium(Nd), rare metal, from acid-leaching solution of neodymium magnet. In this study, $FeCl_3$ solution as iron source was used for synthesis of iron nanoparticle with the condition of various factors, etc, reductant, surfactant. $Na_4O_7P_2$ and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as surfactants, $NaBH_4$ as reductant, and palladium chloride( $PdCl_2$ ) as a nucleation seed were used. Iron powder was analyzed with instruments of XRD, SEM and PSA for measuring shape and size. Iron nanoparticles were made at the ratio of 1 : 5(Fe (III) : $NaBH_4$ ) after 30 min of reduction time. Size and shape of iron particles synthesized were round-form and 50 nm ~ 100 nm size. Zeta-potential of iron at the 100 mg/L of $Na_4O_7P_2$ was negative value, which is good for dispersion of metal particle. When $Na_4O_7P_2$ (100 mg/L), PVP( $FeCl_3$ : PVP = 1 : 4, w/w) and Pd( $FeCl_3$ : $PdCl_2$ = 1 : 0. 1 : 0.001, w/w) were used, iron nanoparticles which are round-shape, well-dispersed, near 100 nm-sized can be made.】

Characterization of Nanostructured Nd-doped TiO 2 Thin Film Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis Method: Structural, Optical and Magneto-optical Properties

Neodymium doped titanium oxide thin films with mole ratio Nd/Ti = 0, 6, 10, 15, 20, 25% were deposited on glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. The structural properties, surface morphology and absorption spectra of thin films have been obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The XRD patterns show formation of unique phases of brookite, orthorhombic, hexagonal. Thin films were amorphous for 25% dopant. The optical band gap has been increased with increasing of dopant. The presence of Nd in the TiO 2 lattice causes a weak ferro-magnetism in the thin films at room temperature.

Synthesis and optical properties of Nd(III) perfluoro-carboxylate complexes with 2,2'-bipyridine

A series of neodymium complexes, Nd(CF3COO)3 x Dipy, Nd(C2F5 COO)3 x Dipy and Nd(C3F7COO)3 x Dipy were synthesized and characterized by FTIR spectra, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra and PL spectra. The decomposition temperature was found to be more than 260 C and maximum weight losses rates above 340 degrees C which indicate that they have good thermal stability. The low vibrational energy C-F bonds were used to replace the C-H bonds in organic group for improving the optical properties of materials. The length of carbon chain and the coordination structure of Nd(III) affect the absorption transition strength. According to the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra, the Judd-Ofelt parameters were calculated and the radiative properties were also presented. The stimulated emission cross-sections of the Nd(CF3COO)3 x Dipy, Nd(C2F5COO)3 x Dipy and Nd(C3FCOO)3 x Dipy were 3.63 x 10(-20), 2.36 x 10(-20) and 1.49 x 10(-20) cm2 respectively, which were as good as some reported inorganic materials. These complexes will be a series of promising materials for liquid laser application.

Correction to “Domains of depleted mantle: New evidence from hafnium and neodymium isotopes”

Components: 80 words.Keywords: MORB; hafnium; isotopes; neodymium.Index Terms: 1025 Geochemistry: Composition of the mantle; 1038 Geochemistry: Mantle processes (3621); 1040Geochemistry: Radiogenic isotope geochemistry; 9900 Corrections.Received 13 September 2011; Published 25 October 2011.Salters, V. J. M., S. Mallick, S. R. Hart, C. E. Langmuir, and A. Stracke (2011), Correction to “Domains of depleted mantle:New evidence from hafnium and neodymium isotopes,” Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 12, Q10017,doi:10.1029/2011GC003874.