Neoclassical Revival Research Articles

Introduction: The Ugričić Event

IntroductionThe Ugričić Event Branislav Jakovljević Everything seemed to follow the time-tested Aristotelian model: the initial incident, almost invisible to the naked eye, quickly gained momentum to first become noticeable and then with dramatic acceleration assume the dimensions of inevitability to reach its climax, enter the turning point, to finally end in a rapid downfall. In Greek tragedy, as well as in its neoclassical revival, the worst bloodshed happens behind the scenes, and the weight of its reporting falls to witnesses, heralds, shepherds, servants, and envoys. Removal of Sreten Ugričić as director of the National Library of Serbia, although pulsing with a tragic rhythm, was neither a tragedy nor inevitable fate. In his article entitled "The anatomy and physiology of a rebellion," Saša Ilić offers a first-hand account of the events on the Serbian public scene from 9–20 January 2012 that led to and followed Ugričić's firing from his post. This detailed report shows clearly the illusoriness of the analogy of these events with a tragedy and names those who stand to benefit from this implicit thesis. This recapitulation of events from an almost unbearably close proximity only confirms what was actually quite clear already on 18 January of that, in many respects crucial, year. Ugričić's removal was not only an administrative change in one of the leading institutions of culture in Serbia; it was an execution and a character assassination. As such, that was not the first incident of its kind in Belgrade and in Serbia. What was almost completely unprecedented was the collective and public nature of the firing squad. In contrast to the (neo)classical tragedy, the protagonists of this liquidation insisted on the principle of publicity in a way rarely seen in recent Serbian political history. The curtains were lifted, enabling the members of the polis to view the quartering of their co-citizen, revel in the spectacle, and take part in it. In addition to, and precisely because of that, shepherds, messengers, and servants in this "tragedy" did not act from a position of innocence, reduced to mere reporters of bloody events, but were themselves involved in the drama as its perpetrators. And that is where the crux of the horror permeating [End Page 3] this pseudo-tragedy lies: hamartia, i.e., tragic culpability does not belong to the hero as the central figure of the action, but is rather distributed among all involved in that action who, each in their own way, supported and fomented it, pushing on towards their horrible objective. Already the next day, they turned away from it, so that the "tragedy" as well as its perpetrators were soon forgotten. The hero remains unknown. This is not only a mechanism of drama, but one of the ritualization of politics with something like a negative Fuenteovejuna as its end product: if in Lope de Vega's play peasants in the village of Fuenteovejuna assume collective responsibility in order to wash themselves of the murder that one of them committed, the participants in this real-life political drama do the reverse, hoping that their public participation will normalize and thus cancel their misdeed. Despite the fact that it is not their main intention, Ilić and other contributors to this thematic section of Serbian Studies give back the names and surnames to these, thus far nameless, participants of this festival of ignominy. From the very beginning, Ugričić's dismissal from the position of director of the National Library of Serbia and everything it entailed (public humiliation, character assassination, dismissal of his accomplishments as writer and cultural manager) was referred to not as a tragedy, but as a "case." In fact, that was the only thing the ideological opponents agreed upon: the progressive online platform Peščanik set up a thematic bloc under the title "The Ugričić Case," and at the same time the conservative Nova srpska politička misao (New Serbian Political Thought) published a text by Marinko M. Vučinić with the same title. That this is a "case" seems to be a no-brainer. That very obviousness points to the ideological nature of this designation. As Louis Althusser argued throughout...

VALÉRY COMO PARADIGMA DO POÉTICO NA LÍRICA BRASILEIRA DOS ANOS 1940-1950

O presente artigo busca contribuir para o inventário da recepção de Paul Valéry no Brasil, particularmente no contexto de conversão neoclássica da lírica do segundo pós-guerra, quando a poesia do autor de Charmes e algumas de suas concepções poéticas passaram a nortear a criação seja de modernistas reclassicizados, seja da então emergente geração de 45. Alguns momentos de tal recepção, menos celebrados pela crítica, foram eleitos para uma análise mais detida.

The Neoclassical Revival in the Architecture of St. Petersburg/Petrograd: Polemic and Practice

The Neoclassical Revival in the Architecture of St. Petersburg/Petrograd: Polemic and Practice

The Enlightened Eye: Goethe and Visual Culture ed. by Evelyn K. Moore, Patricia Anne Simpson (review)

Evelyn K. Moore and Patricia Anne Simpson, eds., The Enlightened Eye: Goethe and Visual Culture. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007.322 pp.A product of the 2003 German Studies Association Conference, this edited volume contextualizes Goethe's concerns with vision, language, and identity to produce a prolegomenon to a more comprehensive reexamination of visual aesthetics in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Given the surge of interest in inter-art relations, a volume placing Goethe in the center of an interdisciplinary and contextual study of visual aesthetics is bound to attract much scholarly attention. To do justice to the rich variety of the contributions, a brief assessment of each chapter is called for.At the center of her erudite study, Melissa Dabakis places Goethe and the painter Angelika Kauffmann's common membership in the Arcadian Academy, the eighteenth-century literary, artistic, and cultural society dedicated to the promotion of Enlightenment ideals of natural simplicity against baroque bombast. Her interdisciplinary approach shifts the locus of Goethe's neoclassical revival in Italy away from Winckelmann's sculptural aesthetics toward the poetic and pictorial sphere of the Arcadian Academy. Catriona MacLeod's meticulously researched and composed study of porcelain miniatures in classical Weimar successfully inserts her micro medium into the aesthetic debates of the neoclassical age. Her nuanced interpretive assessment of the half-body busts of aristocrats, artists, intellectuals, and mythological figures, including Laocoon and his sons, that adorned the tables of the upper classes, highlights the ambivalence of a medium that not only reproduced but also challenged the neoclassical principles of emotional restraint and corporeal control.While the subject matter of Beate Allert's Runge, Friedrich: On Painting is better known, her study lends newer insights into Goethe's relationship to both artists. With references to their mutual correspondence, Allert reexamines key points of conflict and identifies areas of convergence between Goethe's intensely visual poetry, his color theory, and the Romantic painters' visualization of temporality. With her discussion of the collaborative Athenaeum essay Die Gemahlde: Gesprach, whose likely coauthorship by Caroline and/or Dorothea Schlegel was omitted by the Schlegel brothers, Margaretmary Daley adds new documentation of the philological neglect of women's texts. Her interpretation calls attention to the fact that the female protagonist successfully argues for the inclusion of a holistic feminine viewpoint to complement malecentered aesthetic theory and reception of artworks. Women's own creative agency also lies at the heart of Mary Helen Dupree's compelling case study. She examines Elise Burger's theatrical and literary career to illustrate how negative biographical anecdotes and gender stereotypes conspired to provoke her exclusion from the Weimar circle, and to demonstrate which rhetorical strategies Burger deployed to counteract her marginalization.Patricia Anne Simpson's Visions of the Nation: Goethe, Karl Friedrich Schinkel, and Ernst Moritz Arndt is a complex interpretive undertaking combining several layers of analysis (interart, gender, historical aesthetics) against the background of the Prussian Wars of Liberation. The gender-specific focus on the portrayal of women as allegory for the nation brings into relief the central allegorical figure of Goethe's neoclassical play Des Epimenides Erwachen, Hope, an embodiment of the nation endowed with traditional male attributes of fighting spirit and cognitive power, and demonstrates the complexity of Goethe's allegory in comparison with contemporary portrayals. …

Dilettanti: the antic and the antique in eighteenth-century England

With elegance and wit, this volume recreates the vibrant culture of connoisseurship in Enlightenment England by investigating the multifaceted activities and achievements of the Society of Dilettanti - a group founded in 1732 devoted to the study, and support of those studying, Greco-Roman antiquity.Dilettanti is a superbly illustrated volume that examines its members, and their expeditions, collections, and publications - which laid the groundwork for the Neo-Classical revival. It also shows how they were able to successfully combine the didactic - detailed investigations into technique, condition, restoration and provenance - with the ability to bring illustrations of ancient sculpture to new artistic heights.

Construction and economic development in selected LDCs: past, present and future

This paper critically examines the changing relations between construction and economic development in selected less developed countries (LDCs) in the light of new development dynamics. Historically, the relationship was seen in Keynesian terms. By the 1980s, attention turned towards structuralist and political economy explanations amid a neoclassical revival towards structural adjustments and ‘market friendly’ reforms. Current explanations tend to focus on property rights and building institutional capabilities. The strengths and weaknesses of current explanations provide future directions for research.

What have we learned from a decade of empirical research on growth? Comment on It's Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models,' by William Easterly and Ross Levine

When economists in the 1950s and 1960s used growth models to understand the experience of developing countries, they allowed for the possibility of technology differences between developing countries and the United States. But because they did not have a good theory for talking about the forces that determined the level of the technology-in the United States any more than in developing countries-technology factors tended to be pushed into the background in policy discussions. The new growth theory of the 1980s generated a counter reaction in the 1990s that Pete Klenow and Andres Rodriguez-Clare have called the 'neoclassical revival.' The article by William Easterly and Ross Levine is part of the next swing in the scholarly pendulum. It moves away from the critical assumption in the neoclassical revival that the level of technology is the same in all countries.

Vehicles, processes, and neo-classical revival

O'Brien & Opie unfairly restrict the classicist's range of options for explaining phenomenal consciousness. Alternative approaches that rely upon differences among representation types offer better prospects of success. The authors rely upon two distinctions: one between symbol processing and connectionist models, the other between process and vehicle models. In this context, neither distinction may be as clear as they assume.

The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?

In our view there has been a "Neoclassical Revival" in growth economics spurred by the empirical findings of Mankiw, Romer, and Weil (1992), Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995), and Young (1994 and 1995). By this we mean a revival of the neoclassical growth model-which features a common level of productivity but different levels of human and physical capital across countries-as a viable candidate for explaining the major part of country differences in levels and growth rates of output per worker. Marshaling existing evidence from the labor literature on the returns to schooling and experience, we construct new measures of human capital across countries. We find that productivity differences are the dominant source of the large international dispersion in levels and growth rates of output per worker. We conclude that, although models that focus on physical and human capital are clearly important, research needs to be re-focused on explaining the causes of productivity differences across countries.

The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?

In our view there has been a "Neoclassical Revival" in growth economics spurred by the empirical findings of Mankiw, Romer, and Weil (1992), Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995), and Young (1994 and 1995). By this we mean a revival of the neoclassical growth model-which features a common level of productivity but different levels of human and physical capital across countries-as a viable candidate for explaining the major part of country differences in levels and growth rates of output per worker. Marshaling existing evidence from the labor literature on the returns to schooling and experience, we construct new measures of human capital across countries. We find that productivity differences are the dominant source of the large international dispersion in levels and growth rates of output per worker. We conclude that, although models that focus on physical and human capital are clearly important, research needs to be re-focused on explaining the causes of productivity differences across countries.

The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: Comment

Previous articleNext article Free[The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: CommentN. Gregory MankiwN. Gregory Mankiw Search for more articles by this author PDF Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by NBER Macroeconomics Annual Volume 121997 Sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/654325 Views: 67 Citations: 9Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1997 The National Bureau of Economic Research and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Orhan Torul Education in a Heterogeneous-Agent Economy: Revisiting Transatlantic Differences, Journal of Human Capital 14, no.22 (Jul 2020): 165–216.https://doi.org/10.1086/708650Jesus Felipe, John S. L. McCombie The Illusions of Calculating Total Factor Productivity and Testing Growth Models: From Cobb-Douglas to Solow and to Romer, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3377758Rosa Capolupo Economic Transition and Regional Growth: The Case of Albania and Comparator SEECs, Transition Studies Review 18, no.33 (Feb 2012): 529–549.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-012-0219-5Scott Carter "On the Cobb-Douglas and all that …": the Solow-Simon correspondence over the aggregate neoclassical production function, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 34, no.22 (Feb 2012): 255–274.https://doi.org/10.2753/PKE0160-3477340204Rosa Capolupo The New Growth Theories and Their Empirics after Twenty Years, Economics 3, no.11 (Feb 2009).https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2009-1Torge Middendorf Human Capital and Economic Growth in OECD Countries, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.784604Andrew T. Young, Daniel Levy, Matthew John Higgins Many Types of Human Capital and Many Roles in U.S. Growth: Evidence from County-Level Educational Attainment Data, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2004).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.516123Robin Grier Toothless Tigers? East Asian Economic Growth from 1960 to 1990, Review of Development Economics 7, no.33 (Aug 2003): 392–405.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9361.00198Jesus Felipe, Carsten A. Holz Why do Aggregate Production Functions Work? Fisher’s simulations, Shaikh’s identity and some new results, International Review of Applied Economics 15, no.33 (Jul 2010): 261–285.https://doi.org/10.1080/02692170110052338

The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: Comment

Previous articleNext article Free[The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: CommentCharles I. JonesCharles I. Jones Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by NBER Macroeconomics Annual Volume 121997 Sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/654326 Views: 142Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1997 The National Bureau of Economic Research and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Rosa Capolupo Economic Transition and Regional Growth: The Case of Albania and Comparator SEECs, Transition Studies Review 18, no.33 (Feb 2012): 529–549.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-012-0219-5Rosa Capolupo The New Growth Theories and Their Empirics after Twenty Years, Economics 3, no.11 (Feb 2009).https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2009-1

The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: Comment

Previous articleNext article Free[The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: CommentCharles I. JonesCharles I. Jones Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by NBER Macroeconomics Annual Volume 121997 Sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/654326 Views: 142Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1997 The National Bureau of Economic Research and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Rosa Capolupo Economic Transition and Regional Growth: The Case of Albania and Comparator SEECs, Transition Studies Review 18, no.33 (Feb 2012): 529–549.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-012-0219-5Rosa Capolupo The New Growth Theories and Their Empirics after Twenty Years, Economics 3, no.11 (Feb 2009).https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2009-1

The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: Comment

The Neoclassical Revival in Growth Economics: Has It Gone Too Far?]: Comment

Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly: Evidence from 95 LDCs, 1976-1985

The long run trade orientation of an economy is measured in this article by an index which measures the extent to which the real exchange rate is distorted away from its free trade level by the trade regime. The technique for estimating a cross country index of real exchange rate distortion uses the international comparison of prices prepared by Robert Summers and Alan Heston. Resource endowment constitutes the norm and real overvaluation or undervaluation relative to this norm reveals whether incentives are directed to the domestic or international market. The index is constructed based on data for GDP/capita average price level in US dollars 1976-85 and GDP growth rate/capita 1976-85. Other sections are devoted the comparison of the procedure for 117 countries between 1976-85 and an examination of the empirical relationship between outward orientation and economic growth and sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that Latin America generally was overvalued by 33% relative to Asia and Africa was overvalued by 86%. The real exchange rate distortion index supports the view that Asian countries are more outward oriented. Asian economies have lower price levels which reflect relatively modest protection and incentives oriented to external markets. Latin American countries with moderately high price level and African countries with very high price levels reflect strong protection and incentives directed to production for the domestic market. An alternative specification which eliminates the dummy variables for Africa yields similar results with slightly lower magnitude; i.e. overvaluation is 60% instead of 86% for Africa and Latin America is overvalued by 39% instead of 33% over Asia. A table is provided which indicates by country the distortion and variability of the real exchange rate the GDP growth the 1976 GDP/capita and the investment rate. Another finding was that there is a significant negative relationship between distortion of the real exchange rate and growth of GDP/capita after controlling for the effects of real exchange rate variability and investment level with both the original specification and the alternative. The growth rate/capita of Latin American and African countries would increase 1.5-2.1% with a shift to move outward oriented trade policies. This gain as well as devaluation of the real exchange reate trade liberalization and maintenance of a stable real exchange rate would contribute to positive growth rates. In the analysis of the poorest 24 countries the result was that only rate distortion and not variability and investment rate explained the growth rate. The gain for Ghana for example of adopting the trade policies and exchange rate of Bangladesh would be 5% to its growth.

Anti-Modernism and the Neoclassical Revival in Russian Architecture, 1906-1916

The appearance of the "style moderne" in Russian architecture at the turn of the century reflected not only the assimilation of the new European architecture (Secession, Art Nouveau), but also the movement toward an urban environment that would accommodate a social order based on private capital and the ascendency of Russia's nascent bourgeoisie. Claims for the democratic basis of the new style acquired distinctly political overtones in critical articles published between 1900 and 1905. After 1905 (a year of widespread revolutionary disorder in Russia), a reaction against the modernist aesthetic can be traced in the work of architects and critics who supported a revival of Neoclassicism. Although the new classicism provided the means to apply technological and design innovations within an established tectonic system, it was also widely interpreted as a rejection of the unstable values of individualism and the bourgeois ethos. Neoclassical architecture became the last hope for a reconciliation of contemporary architecture with cultural values derived from an idealization of imperial Russian grandeur. Yet the revival of Neoclassicism quickly manifested the same lack of aesthetic unity and theoretical direction as had the moderne, thus leading certain critics and architects to question the entire social order within which architecture functioned in the decade before the 1917 Revolution.

The `Flexible Firm': Fixation or Fact?

The model of the `flexible firm' has gained a prominent role in shaping debate about labour market flexibility and employment restructuring in the 1980s. It argues that employers are increasingly segmenting their workers between a permanent `core' of full-time employees, and a `periphery' of part-time, temporary, subcontract and `outsourced' workers. The `core' provides `functional flexibility' through lowered job demarcations and multi-skilling, while the `periphery' provides `numerical flexibility'. This paper argues that these generalisations are based on very selective cases, and reviews evidence which shows that restructuring follows far more complex and uneven lines than this polarisation, which if anything is better reflected in the public sector, which the model omits. The `flexible firm' conflates employment developments due to sectoral restructuring, with `new' `manpower policies', masking the importance of continuities and qualitative changes within these. While registering the increasing vulnerability of many workers, the model fails to note that for many, this is not `new', nor that the dynamic of the eighties is attacking the strength of all workers, including the so-called `core'. Conceptually, the notion of `core' and `periphery' is confused, circular and value laden. The model is criticised for blurring description, prediction and prescription in an ambiguous futurology which slips between research reportage and `best practice' policy. Even here it is ambiguous, and dubious from management's own point of view. Finally, its concern with labour market flexibility is set within the current international climate of neo-classical revival, and the model's institutional interface between Government labour market polices and `leading edge' firms.

Rough Music: Some Early Invectives and Flytings

R. C. Elliott's The Power ofSatire, with its emphasis on the importance of the ancient connexion of satire with magic and its cogent demonstration of the extreme complexity of the nature of satire, was an important landmark for students of medieval literature, for it, together with Alvin Kernan's The Cankered Muse, suggested a framework within which much of the satire written between Juvenal and Dryden could be seriously investigated. Histories of English satire had usually either ignored early satire or had dismissed it as 'mere invective' or 'primitive': at best a clumsy and awkward precursor of the polished formal satire of the neo-Classical revival. In fact, throughout the Middle Ages 'the satiric' was pervasive, and found expression in a variety of forms, ranging from the elegant literary satire of Chaucer (almost unique in being able to catch a genuinely Horatian tone) to examples of coarse, popular, and sometimes sub-literary satire. It is with the latter end of the spectrum that this article is concerned, and in particular with its more literary expression in the flytings of Dunbar and Skelton. Appropriately, it seems that the noun 'invective' is first attested in English in Skelton's The Garland of Laurel (where it is linked with Juvenal), and that the word 'fliting' or 'flyting' ('contention, wrangling; scolding, rebuking') first appears in its specifically literary sense in Dunbar's exchange with Kennedy. This sense is defined by OED as 'poetical invective; chiefly, a kind of contest practised by the Scottish poets of the i6th century, in which two persons assailed each other alternately with tirades of abusive verse'. Dunbar and Kennedy do just this, but what happens in even such an apparently simple dramatic invective form as the flyting is rather more interesting than the dictionary's bald definition suggests. Some remarks of W. H. Auden draw attention to a number of elements in the flyting. After lamenting that 'flyting seems to have vanished as a studied literary art and only to survive in the impromptu exchanges of truckdrivers and cabdrivers', he continues: The comic effect arises from the contradiction between the insulting nature of what is said which appears to indicate a passionate relation of hostility and aggression, and the calculated skill of verbal invention which indicates that the protagonists are not thinking about each other but about language and their pleasure in employing it inventively. A man who is really passionately angry is speechless and can only express his anger by physical violence. Playful anger is intrinsically comic because, of all emotions, anger is the least compatible with play.'