Nemerow Index Research Articles

Heavy Metal Research on Sites of Former Machining Industry in Chongqing

Heavy metal pollution of soil has become a main obstacle to the change of land use for the former industrial site. In order to know whether the manufacture activities of machining industry has effect on the nearby soil, 18 former industrial sites were selected and eight heavy metals including mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (Ar), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in soil were analyzed. The monitoring data was collected and analyzed by statistical methods. Besides, human influence degree and Nemerow Index were applied to assess the soil pollution. The result revealed that the average concentration of Hg, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn were 0.12 mg/kg, 56.24 mg/kg, 4.86 mg/kg, 0.39 mg/kg, 184.32 mg/kg, 147.44 mg/kg, 46.84 mg/kg and 164.63 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn did not obey the normal distribution, however, As and Cd approximated normal.The soil was disturbed by the heavy metals produced in machining activities.

Impact of coal gangue on the level of main trace elements in the shallow groundwater of a mine reclamation area

Coal gangue is the most used filling material during reclamation of areas suffering subsidence from mining. Main trace element levels (F, As, Hg, and Pb) in shallow groundwater in the reclamation area may be affected by leaching from the gangue. This can has an impact on the application of the water for agricultural irrigation or use as drinking water. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the effect coal gangue has on the shallow groundwater of a reclaimed area. We studied the effect of coal gangue on fluorine, arsenic, mercury, and lead levels in the shallow groundwater of a reclamation area by testing the water and the coal gangue. One well near the reclamation area was used as a control well and element levels in water from this well and from the soil next to the well were also measured. The results show that the levels of these elements are increasing in the reclamation area over time. The increase in fluorine, arsenic, mercury, and lead in monitor wells varies from 7.42% to 8.26%, from 7.13% to 7.90%, from 4.85% to 6.48%, and from 4.69% to 6.42%, respectively. Fluorine and arsenic levels are lower in monitor wells than in the control water. The other elements are found in greater concentration than in the control. The Nemerow index also indicates that the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area I is moderately affected by the back-filling coal gangue, while the shallow groundwater in the reclamation area II and III are slightly affected by the back-filling coal gangue. This shallow groundwater could be used for agricultural irrigation or for drinking.

Temporal-spatial evolution of water quality in Lake Dongting,China

根据洞庭湖湖区的1983-2004年的水质监测数据,参照GB3838-2002中Ⅲ类水质标准,运用内梅罗水污染指数法进行水质评价,分析了洞庭湖湖区22年来的水质时空变化.结果表明:洞庭湖湖区水质污染在时间上呈有升有降的波动变化.洞庭湖湖区丰水期和洪水期的水质较差,但是从2002年以后,丰水期的水质逐渐好于平水期.污染空间变化表现为入湖河道的污染程度高于湖体,湖体污染呈西洞庭湖的污染较为严重,南洞庭湖其次,东洞庭湖的水质仍较好的格局.;According to Basic Analytical Methods of Environmental Quality Standards for surface water, GB3838-2002,we used the 1983-2004 monitoring data to evaluate and characterize water quality condition and to analyzewater quality temporal-spatial evolution trend of Lake Dongting, based on the application of comprehensive indexmethods such as Nemerow Index. The results showed that Water quality changed in Lake Dongting which fluctuatedbetween up and down temporally. In 1983-1985,water quality was clean in Lake Dongting. From then on, waterquality had been polluted seriously in 1988 and graduated in light pollution after 199 f,and then ran down in 1999and dropped to light pollution in 2001 again, as well as had begun to aggravate in 2004. The main pollutant was to-tal phosphorus (TP) in Lake Dongting. Water quality was worse in the flood water season than in the other waterseasons, but after 2002,water quality was worse in the flood water season had been better than in the normal water season.The water pollution could be more~in the entering riverways than in the lake bodies of Lake Dongting spatially. Water quality in Lake Weat Dongting was worst, in lake South Dongting was worse, and in Lake East Dongtingwas not polluted badly.

Water quality assessment in Lake Dongting(2002-2004), China

根据2002-2004年洞庭湖水质监测数据,参照GB3838-2002中Ⅲ类水质标准,选用内梅罗水污染指数法和黄浦江污染指数对洞庭湖水质现状进行评价,结果表明:(1)洞庭湖水体的主要污染指标是总磷,总氮和粪大肠菌群;(2)黄浦江污染指数平均值为0.27,所以洞庭湖12个断面水质无黑臭现象发生;(3)枯水期西洞庭湖和南洞庭湖水质污染最严重,平水期西洞庭湖水质污染最严重,洞庭湖丰水期的污染程度小于平水期;(4)洞庭湖的大部分水体的水质主要处于轻度污染的状态,局部水体的水质在枯水期达到重污染的状态.;According to Basic Analytical Methods of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water in China (GB3838-2002)，we used the 2002-2004 monitoring data to evaluate and characterize water quality condition of Lake Dongting, based on the application of comprehensive index methods such as Nemerow Index and Huangpu River Organic Pollution Index. The results are obtained as follows ： (1 ) The main pollutants of Lake Dongting are total phosphorus (TP)，total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliform. (2) The mean Huangpu River Organic Pollution Index is 0. 27, indicating that the water quality does not have the black smelly phenomenon at twelve designated sections in Lake Dongting. (3) In western and southern Lake Dongting, the water pollution could be more serious during the drought water season, whereas during the normal water season in western Lake Dongting the water pollution is also bad. The water quality are generally better during the flood water season than those during normal water season. (4) Pollutants make a great contribution to the water quality of Lake Dongting； and the main sources are industrial effluents and domestic sewage. (5) The pollution condition of the main lake are not serious during 2002 -2004, while in certain water areas heavy pollution condition may occur during the drought water season. The investigations suggest that lake water quality has improved in recent years in response to changes in the land restoration of reclaimed areas and the construction of the Three Gorges Project.