Neighboring Coefficients Research Articles

Translation-invariant multiwavelet denoising using improved neighbouring coefficients and its application on rolling bearing fault diagnosis

The deficiencies of conventional neighbouring coefficients denoising are the invariant neighbouring window size and the global threshold; therefore, it cannot accurately represent local concentrated energy of the collected signals in engineering application. The improved neighbouring coefficients named Neighbouring Coefficients Dependent on Level (NCDL) is proposed. The size of neighbouring window varies with different decomposition levels and the threshold is chosen according to the neighbourhood. Translation invariant method can effectively weaken some visual artifacts, for example Gibbs phenomena in the neighbourhood of discontinuities. Multiwavelets have two or more scaling and wavelet functions. Compared with scalar wavelet, multiwavelets offer several excellent properties such as symmetric, orthogonal, compactly support and higher order of vanishing moment. A novel denoising method - translation invariant multiwavelet denoising with improved neighbouring coefficients is presented. The simulation signal proves the validity of the presented method. This method is then applied to the fault diagnosis of a locomotive rolling bearing. The results show that the present method can effectively extract the fault characteristic frequency of a slight scrape on the outer race of the rolling bearing.

Multiwavelet denoising with improved neighboring coefficients for application on rolling bearing fault diagnosis

The characteristic signal of a rolling bearing with a defect acts as a series of periodic impulses. These features are usually immersed in heavy noise and then difficult to extract. It is feasible to make the features distinct through wavelet denoising. Scalar wavelet thresholding has been used to extract features. However, scalar wavelet might not extract the feature available due to its limitation in some important properties, and conventional term-by-term thresholding does not consider the effect of neighboring coefficients. Since multiwavelets have been formulated recently and they might offer good properties in signal processing, a novel denoising method — multiwavelet denoising with improved neighboring coefficients (neighboring coefficients dependent on level, DLNeighCoeff for short) — is proposed in this article. The method proposed is applied to a simulated signal and fault diagnosis of locomotive rolling bearings, obtaining performance superior to conventional methods.

Prediction-based watermarking schemes using ahead/post AC prediction

This study presents two predicted-based watermarking schemes, namely ahead AC-predicted watermarking (AAPW) and post AC-predicted watermarking (PAPW), by embedding information into low frequency AC coefficients of discrete cosine transform (DCT). The proposed methods utilize the DC values of the neighboring blocks to predict the AC coefficients of the center block. The low frequency AC coefficients are modified to carry watermark information. The least mean squares (LMS) is employed to yield the intermediate filters for cooperating with the neighboring DC coefficients to predict the original AC coefficients. During the LMS filter training, the training blocks are classified into different categories according to their texture angles and variances. The classified trained filter sets are then used to predict the AC coefficients even more precisely. As documented in the experimental results, the image quality and the embedded capacity of the proposed schemes are superior to former methods in the literature. Moreover, many attacks are addressed to show the robustness of the proposed methods.

AntShrink: Ant colony optimization for image shrinkage

Wavelet shrinkage is an image denoising technique based on the concept of thresholding the wavelet coefficients. The key challenge of wavelet shrinkage is to find an appropriate threshold value, which is typically controlled by the signal variance. To tackle this challenge, a new image shrinkage approach, called AntShrink, is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach exploits the intra-scale dependency of the wavelet coefficients to estimate the signal variance only using the homogeneous local neighboring coefficients. This is in contrast to that all local neighboring coefficients are used in the conventional shrinkage approaches. Furthermore, to determine the homogeneous local neighboring coefficients, the ant colony optimization (ACO) technique is used in this paper to classify the wavelet coefficients. Experimental results are provided to show that the proposed approach outperforms several image denoising approaches developed in the literature.

Gearbox fault diagnosis of rolling mills using multiwavelet sliding window neighboring coefficient denoising and optimal blind deconvolution

Fault diagnosis of rolling mills, especially the main drive gearbox, is of great importance to the high quality products and long-term safe operation. However, the useful fault information is usually submerged in heavy background noise under the severe condition. Thereby, a novel method based on multiwavelet sliding window neighboring coefficient denoising and optimal blind deconvolution is proposed for gearbox fault diagnosis in rolling mills. The emerging multiwavelets can seize the important signal processing properties simultaneously. Owing to the multiple scaling and wavelet basis functions, they have the supreme possibility of matching various features. Due to the periodicity of gearbox signals, sliding window is recommended to conduct local threshold denoising, so as to avoid the “overkill” of conventional universal thresholding techniques. Meanwhile, neighboring coefficient denoising, considering the correlation of the coefficients, is introduced to effectively process the noisy signals in every sliding window. Thus, multiwavelet sliding window neighboring coefficient denoising not only can perform excellent fault extraction, but also accords with the essence of gearbox fault features. On the other hand, optimal blind deconvolution is carried out to highlight the denoised features for operators’ easy identification. The filter length is vital for the effective and meaningful results. Hence, the foremost filter length selection based on the kurtosis is discussed in order to full benefits of this technique. The new method is applied to two gearbox fault diagnostic cases of hot strip finishing mills, compared with multiwavelet and scalar wavelet methods with/without optimal blind deconvolution. The results show that it could enhance the ability of fault detection for the main drive gearboxes.

A NEW CONTOURLET-DOMAIN BASED IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME RESILIENT TO GEOMETRICAL ATTACKS

Coping with geometrical attacks in transform domain is crucial when we design a robust image watermarking scheme. In this paper, a novel contourlet-domain image watermarking scheme, which is robust to common signal processing and geometrical attacks, is proposed. First, the region with maximum energy in the directional subbands is considered for watermarking, i.e. the watermark can be embedded into the significant region as well as highly textured region of the host image. Then, for each coefficient of the selected subband, the strength factor was adaptively adjusted in terms of the energy of its parent and neighbor coefficients. Consequently, the tradeoff between the transparency and robustness of watermark can be achieved. Furthermore, the robust feature points, which can survive various signal processing and affine transformation, are extracted by using the Harris–Laplace detector. In watermark detection, the geometrical distortion of image is identified by using the feature template constructed during embedding phase, i.e. watermark resynchronization is performed. Experimental results show that the proposed watermark scheme is invisible and robust against common signal processing such as median filtering, sharpening, noise adding and JPEG compression, etc and geometrical attacks such as rotation, translation, scaling, row or column removal, shearing and local random bend, etc.

对称分数样条小波域图像去噪研究

According to data smooth theory, the best trade-off fractional order of 7.9, which the symmetric fractional B-spline wavelets can achieve between its smoothness and approximation texture, is deduced. A new thresholding formula which has self-adaptability with the order of the fractional spline wavelet, is derived, through improving the wavelet denosing model based on biva-Shrink neighboring coefficients relevance. Fractional spline wavelet transform is a new powerful tool for removing noise and irrelevant information from denoised images. Experimental result testifies the obtained theoretic result. Comparied with traditional denoising algorithms, it can achieve higher subjective and objective image qualities, especially for texture images. When the Barbara image with variance is no more than 10, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the denoised image can reach 34.9842 and its geometric textures are well-protected after denoising by this algorithm.

Optimization of Packetization Masks for Image Coding Based on an Objective Cost Function for Desired Packet Spreading

In image communication over lossy packet networks (e.g., cell phone communication), packet loss errors lead to damaged images. Damaged images can be repaired with passive error concealment methods, which use neighboring coefficient or pixel values to estimate the missing ones. Neighboring image data should, thus, be spread over different packets. This paper presents a novel robust packetization method for the transmission of image content in lossy packet networks. We first define novel criteria for a good packetization. Based on these properties, we propose a cost function for packetization masks. We then use stochastic optimization to calculate optimal packetization masks. We test our packetization technique on both wavelet coding and DCT coding. Compared to other packetization techniques, we are able to achieve the same or better mean quality of the reconstructed images but with less fluctuation in quality, which is important for the viewer experience. In this way, we significantly increase the worst case quality, especially for high packet loss rates. This leads to visually more pleasing images in case of a passive reconstruction.

A fast SVD based video watermarking algorithm compatible with MPEG2 Standard

This paper presents a real time video watermarking algorithm based on the singular value decomposition (SVD). The embedding procedure combines the DCT and SVD. The SVD is applied on the low frequency AC coefficients of block DCT of the frame. Then the relation of neighbor coefficients of those middle frequency bands in the singular values is modified. The hidden information can be extracted without the original video or the order of the original singular values, i.e., this is a blind watermarking algorithm. Experiments show that the algorithm is very robust against MPEG-2 compression, median filtering, small shift, and rotation, etc.

Representativity of a mesoscale network for weather-related factors governing pollen dispersal

The cultivation of transgenic crops, such as maize, requires successful gene isolation in field environments. Five spatial statistical techniques are used to evaluate the use of a regional mesoscale observation network (Iowa Environmental Mesonet) as a means to drive field-scale pollen dispersion modeling. The Nearest Neighbor Index, Fractal Dimension, Morisita Index, Thiessen Polygons, and Coefficient of Representativity are computed showing the positive and negative impacts of sequential addition of observation networks into a mesonet framework (a collection of pre-existing networks). While it is shown that the arbitrary combination of disparate observing networks increases spatial resolution, this improvement is often at the expense of increased clustering due to co-location of observation sites near urban areas. Network composition in terms of density and degree of clustering was evaluated with a grid analysis using the Barnes scheme as a means to mitigate clustering and improve prediction accuracies when mesonet data are applied to modeling. This paper shows the importance of understanding and accounting for the spatial characteristics of an observational network before applying it to a modeling effort such as field scale pollen dispersion.

Customized wavelet denoising using intra- and inter-scale dependency for bearing fault detection

Bearing fault detection is a challenging task, especially at the incipient stage. Wavelet denoising is widely recognized as an effective tool for signal processing and feature extraction. The wavelet denoising method by incorporating neighboring coefficients (NeighCoeff), which is proposed by Cai and Silverman, gives the better results than the traditional term-by-term approaches. However, this method only exploits intra-scale dependency of wavelet coefficients. It does not consider the inter-scale dependency of wavelet coefficients. In this paper, customized wavelet denoising using intra- and inter-scale dependency of wavelet coefficients is proposed for bearing fault detection. By designing the prediction operator and update operator, a customized wavelet based on the lifting scheme is constructed directly to match the transient properties of a given signal. The NeighCoeff denoising algorithm is improved by taking into account the intra- and inter-scale dependency of wavelet coefficients. The results of the application to bearing fault detection show that the proposed method is very effective.

Multiwavelets denoising using neighboring coefficients

Multiwavelets give better results than single wavelets for signal denoising. We study multiwavelet thresholding by incorporating neighboring coefficients. Experimental results show that this approach is better than the conventional approach, which only uses the term-by-term multiwavelet denoising. Also, it outperforms neighbor single wavelet denoising for some standard test signals and real-life images. This is an extension to Cai and Silverman's (see Sankhya: Ind. J. Stat. B, pt.2, vol.63, p.127-148, 2001) work.