Negro Farmer Research Articles

Organization for Regional Planning

which they were occupying.16 Similar differentials prevailed in each of the three divisions. On the other hand only 41 percent of the southern white owner operators had been on their farms for 15 years or more, while the comparable percentage for Negroes is 46. These data indicate definitely that those Negro farmers who have attained the status of owner operator are considerably less migratory than their fellows of the white race. Similar are the racial differentials among tenants other than croppers. In the entire South 62 percent of the whites and only 49 percent of the Negroes had been less than five years on the farms they were occupying in 1940. On the other hand, only 7 percent of the white and 14 percent of the Negro tenants had been on their farms for 15 years or more. But it is the Negro sharecropper who is generally thought to be excessively mobile. That he moves about a great deal is indisputable: 64 percent of all southern Negro share croppers in 1940 had been less than five years in the locations they were then occupying. However, the corresponding percentage for members of the white race was much higher, 72 percent. In this case also the differential prevailed in all three of the census divisions. Furthermore, in the southern States 5 percent of the Negro sharecroppers had been on the places they were occupying for 15 years or more, while such a degree of stability was exhibited by only 3 percent of the white sharecroppers. Again, this very marked differential was of approximately the same magnitude in each of the divisions. Thus the evidence reveals that even those Negroes who fall into that great category of farm laborers called share croppers are actually a great deal less migratory than whites of similar status. The conclusion to be drawn from these comparisons is that farm Negroes are definitely less migratory than whites of comparable tenure classes. 16 These data and those to follow were compiled from the U. S. Census of Agriculture: 1940, Vol. III (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1942).

The Post-War Outlook for the Southern Rural Negro

I am glad to be here tonight because this occasion offers an opportunity to pay tribute to a body of people which in my opinion is engaged in one of the most fruitful enterprises being followed by any group of governmental workers. I refer to the United States Extension Service in general and the Negro arm of extension in particular. I believe, based on my observations in most of the counties of the states in the South that Negro farmers and their wives and children, in those counties where they have had the supervision, guidance and counsel of colored county farm and demonstration agents, have made a notable contribution to the war effort of our country. Equally important, they have learned how to contribute to themselves too. They have learned how to grow live at home sustenance, which will provide sturdier, healthier families and more productive manpower and womanpower for the lower fifth of our farm population than it has ever known before. There probably are no total figures which would show how Negro farmers have kept step with the general war time increase, although estimates in several states in which records have been made available and which give a cross-section are revealing: R. E. Jones, Negro State Agent reporting for North Carolina says: As compared to four years ago

The Negro on the Agricultural Front

The great contribution of the rural Negro population to the war effort is that of providing manpower-manpower for the production of food and fiber on farms which they own or operate in their own right, manpower for farms on which they serve as sharecroppers and agricultural laborers, and manpower which is surplus to the needs of agriculture in the wartime economy and which can be used as an important resource for wartime industrial production. Few people in this country realize the size and importance of this labor force and the utmost importance to our war effort of the proper and strategic use of it. On the farms in the South there are more than 1,600,000 Negro people between the ages of fourteen and sixty-five who are not physically incapacitated for ordinary work, are not in mental, penal or correctional institutions, and who make up that group which the Census terms as the agricultural labor force. A large portion of this group, of course, is required on farms where they are. As a result of a recent study, however, of wartime requirements to man the farms of the South with adequate nonseasonal, year-round labor, it can be estimated with reasonable accuracy that there is a potential labor reserve of approximately 746,000 among the Negro farm population of the Southern states.' This reserve can and

The Virginia Free Negro Farmer and Property Owner, 1830-1860

The Virginia Free Negro Farmer and Property Owner, 1830-1860

The Movable School Goes to the Negro Farmer.

The Movable School Goes to the Negro Farmer.

Thomas Monroe Campbell, The Movable School Goes to the Negro Farmer

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsThomas Monroe Campbell, The Movable School Goes to the Negro FarmerP. O. DavisP. O. Davis Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 21, Number 3July 1936 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2714628 Journal History This article was published in The Journal of Negro History (1916-2001), which is continued by The Journal of African American History (2002-present). Copyright 1936, 1964, 1969 The Association for the Study of African American Life and HistoryPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Desirable Rural Adaptations in the Education of Negroes

Rural adaptation in the education of Negroes is by no means a racial issue. Such modification in the Negro field is in principle, extent, andtechnique but analogous to rural adaptation in the education of whites. Chief among the reasons for this practice are the following: 1. All real education (as distinguished from book learning) is based upon experience, and for large sectors of American population, both white and colored, this basic experience is that of farm living. Notwithstanding the great industrial development of the United States during the past fifty years our people as a whole are still more rural than commonly realized. In 1930 about 53,820,000 or 44 per cent of the total population was classified as rural. Of this number 23,663,000 or 19 per cent lived in villages under 2,500; while 30,000,000 or 24 per cent were farmers and their families living on the land. Of these 30,000,000 farm residents 25,320,000 were white, and 4,680,000 were Negro. This group of white farmers totalled 20 per cent of all whites in the population; but Negro farm residents constituted 39.3 per cent of the total Negro population of 11,891,143. From this it will be noted that the Negro population of the United States is almost twice as rural as the white population. Figures for children attending school are even more pertinent to the present discussion. Approximately 21 per cent or 6,000,000 of the 28,000,000 white children in American public schools come from farm homes. Among Negro children this percentage is more than doubled since 58.2 per cent of the 2,477,311 colored children now in school come from an open-country environment. 2. Farm life yields experiences considerably different to those of city life and these different experiences result in social, economic, and psychological differences on the part of country people, both children and adults, for which modifications and adaptations should be provided in their education. This goes back fundamentally to differences in density of population between the country and city-country life being characterized by relative isolation and sparseness of population, while city life is characterized by congestion and compactness of living. Because of this difference in density of population, country life offers fewer social contacts than city life. The country is dominated very largely, also, by a single industry, that of agricultural production, while the city embraces every industry, vocation, and profession known to man. The fore-

The Government's Farm Policies and the Negro Farmer

The Government's Farm Policies and the Negro Farmer

The Present Position of the Negro Farm Population: The Bottom Rung of the Farm Ladder

No segment of the population of the United States is so disadvantaged as the present Negro farm population. Not only does it have the historical handicap of having come late, and under abnormal conditions, upon the scene of American civilization. It has been identified throughout its history with what is now the most dependent of all re-. gions of the nation, the South, and what is admittedly the most subordinate of all the occupations, agriculture. Added to these three encircling circumstances of time, place and job, the Negro farmer finds himself hedged about by the fact that he is the member of a minority race, discriminated against, in varying degrees, at all levels of attainment. And, what is more important, he is in the main the member of an exploited class. To get a perspective on this Southeastern Negro agriculturist and his five-fold disadvantage, let us imagine that we are looking through field glasses at the circumstances which surround and restrict him, and at the methods he has employed to break through these barriers. We shall start with as broad a view as we can, and with each turn of the lens, narrow the circle until. the principal object looms clear. HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHIC AND OCCUPATIONAL BARRIERS

The Standard of Living of Negro Farm Families in Albemarle County, Virginia

The Standard of Living of Negro Farm Families in Albemarle County, Virginia

PITUITARY CACHEXIA (SIMMONDS' DISEASE) TREATED WITH ANTERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT

The following case is presented as a contribution to the knowledge of the physiology of the pituitary body, a gland which, according to recent experimental and clinical observations, is of great importance in the regulation of many bodily processes. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —L. T., a man, aged 19, a Negro farmer, was admitted to the Duke Hospital, Nov. 15, 1930, with a complaint of weakness and "stomach trouble" for the preceding five months. He came of healthy stock, his past health had been good, and he had not been exposed to tuberculosis. The illness from which he sought relief had been characterized by occasional attacks of nausea, frequent gaseous eructations, marked constipation, extreme weakness, and loss of 45 pounds (20 Kg.). There had been progressive loss of strength, accompanied by decrease in libido and sexual power. His skin, in contrast to its usual light color and glistening appearance, had

Julius Rosenwald Fund Trains Negro Farm Economists

Julius Rosenwald Fund Trains Negro Farm Economists

Agricultural Credit and the Negro Farmer: II

Agricultural Credit and the Negro Farmer: II

Agricultural Credit and the Negro Farmer: I

Agricultural Credit and the Negro Farmer: I

The Negro Farmer in the South

The Negro Farmer in the South

Southern Agriculture and the Negro Farmer

Southern Agriculture and the Negro Farmer

Southern Agriculture and the Negro Farmer

Southern Agriculture and the Negro Farmer