Negotiation Of Relationships Research Articles

Relationship of Communication, Negotiation and Leadership on the Employee Performance for Sustainable Growth in Hotels

Objective: This research aims to investigate what soft skills affect the performance of employees at Hotels for their sustainable growth in China. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 8, promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Theoretical Framework: The study’s underpinning theory was derived from the Lippman, Ryberg, Carney and Moore (2015) model of key softskills. Method: This study adopts convenience sampling and analyzes the data from 158 questionnaires distributed through SPSS. The analysis results will find out the more important and useful skills in hotels. This study was conducted at the Guizhou Province, China using online survey. Three soft skills of communication, negotiation, and leadership were tested to be positively correlated with the performance of hotel employees. Results and Discussion: This research also allowed us to identify which soft skills are most important to a team to enable the overall team to succeed. This research can provide a reference for the human resource management of hotels to plan the soft skill development training of employees. More and more companies realize that employees are one of the important factors for the company’s further development. If you want to develop better in the information age, you must have a group of outstanding employees. Therefore, the training plan to improve employee performance is a relatively important work in human resource management. Hard skills are just our visible professional and technical indicators, while soft skills are invisible indicators, and they are also a scale to measure a person's ability to handle things. Research Implications: Academic implication sees the use of Lippman et al (2015) model in underpin the variables related in the study of employee performance and soft skills. Practical implication include to emphasize the role of negotiation skills foe the employee performance. Originality/Value: This study provide insight on the role of negotiation skill in increasing the employee performance in the hospitality industry in China.

“We followed their lead”: Exploring relational change and support among caregivers of transgender and gender diverse youth

Transgender and gender diverse youth and young adults (TGDY) experience higher mental health morbidity, including self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts, as compared to cisgender peers. Support from family members is associated with improved mental health outcomes for TGDY. However, little is known about the process that caregivers who consider themselves supportive undergo and how caregiver-youth relationships evolve through a TGDY's gender journey. Through a reflexive thematic analysis of 14 interviews conducted with caregivers of TGDY from April–July 2022, we sought to understand how caregivers who considered themselves supportive of TGDY navigated shifting relationships with themselves, their children, and their communities. Applying theories of Ambiguous Loss and Thriving Through Relationships, findings coalesced around several themes including reflecting on change, re-negotiating interpersonal relationships, and educating through relationships. The gender journeys of TGDY required caregivers to navigate relationships with self (feeling loss and wrestling with worry for their child), negotiate relationships with others (disclosing to extended family and social networks), and educate themselves and others through relationships (connecting through personal narratives from other families, parents supporting parents, learning to advocate for their child). The process of caregivers learning to support their children was facilitated through profound intrapersonal and interpersonal reflection, connection, and community. Understanding this process is important to inform educational interventions and programs that help caregivers learn to support and advocate effectively for TGDY.

Client-Designer Negotiation in Data Visualization Projects.

Data visualization designers and clients need to communicate effectively with each other to achieve a successful project. Unlike a personal or solo project, working with a client introduces a layer of complexity to the process. Client and designer might have different ideas about what is an acceptable solution that would satisfy the goals and constraints of the project. Thus, the client-designer relationship is an important part of the design process. To better understand the relationship, we conducted an interview study with 12 data visualization designers. We develop a model of a client-designer project space consisting of three aspects: surfacing project goals, agreeing on resource allocation, and creating a successful design. For each aspect, designer and client have their own mental model of how they envision the project. Disagreements between these models can be resolved by negotiation that brings them closer to alignment. We identified three main negotiation strategies to navigate the project space: 1) expanding the project space to consider more potential options, 2) constraining the project space to narrow in on the boundaries, and 3) shifting the project space to different options. We discuss client-designer collaboration as a negotiated relationship, with opportunities and challenges for each side. We suggest ways to mitigate challenges to avoid friction from developing into conflict.

Replacing the standard bearer: Theorising leadership transition in insurgencies

Abstract The transition from one leader to the next represents a critical moment in the life cycle of insurgencies: it is a period of heightened uncertainty and vulnerability when roles and relationships are in flux. However, remarkably little scholarly attention has been paid to understanding this process. Building our case around the insurgency in Russia’s North Caucasus, we address this gap by developing a typology of key tasks that new leaders must perform in order to navigate the transition period. We argue that, within insurgencies that are weakly institutionalised, leadership can most usefully be conceived of as a negotiated relationship in which both leaders and followers have agency. Successful performance of these tasks helps ensure the maintenance of this relationship and, through this, movement continuity. Therefore, this paper contributes to both the empirical literature on insurgency and our understanding of leadership and transition within rebel movements.

Enacting Chinese-ness on Arab Land: A Case Study of the Linguistic Landscape of an (Emerging) Chinatown in Multilingual and Multicultural Dubai

Abstract An urban space’s linguistic landscape represents a multimodal and multilingual discourse, indexing the historical, socio-political, cultural, and ethnolinguistic aspects of the locale. Contributing to sociolinguistic research in our global cities, this study zooms in on an unexpected Chinese ethnic enclave, or Chinatown, in Dubai, a superdiverse urban space and multilingual contact zone in post-colonial UAE. Drawing on a corpus of authentic LL data taken from Dubai’s emerging ‘Chinatown’, the study shows that a multilingual triad involving Arabic, English and Chinese is a pervasive sight in this area, deviating from the taken-for-granted and ‘choreographed’ bilingual LL in Dubai overall featuring Arabic and English. Notably, Chinese, as an index of ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identity and marker of boundary, is the most prominent and informative, whereas Dubai’s official language Arabic often appears in small font size and is rendered inconspicuous. This gives rise to a scenario I call ‘small-print multilingualism’ – a conscious attempt for small-business owners to include Arabic reluctantly only to get the ‘job’ done and conform to relevant rules and regulations. Theoretically, this article argues for the relevance of Bakhtin’s concepts of centripetal and centrifugal forces in helping shed light on the dynamic and negotiated relationship between official top-down regulations and bottom-up linguistic practices on the ground in ethnic enclaves. Ultimately, this study adds to our understandings of language and multilingualism in (super)diverse global cities

Navigating the Impacts of Dementia: The Experience of Male Spousal Carers.

This article investigates the experience of male spousal carers for women living with dementia. While cultural discourses on care are highly gendered, social scientific research often addresses care relationships in gender-neutral terms. Setting out to address this matter, this qualitative research study incorporated semi-structured joint interviews with 10 couples in which a male spouse cared for a woman with dementia. The aim was to explore how couples negotiate relationships and care following a diagnosis of dementia. The focus of this paper is on the perspectives expressed in these joint interviews by the male carers. A thematic analysis was undertaken to establish the key content of the men's accounts. Three principal themes were identified: making sense of the condition; treating dementia as a problem to be solved; and engaging with professionals and support. The gendered basis of experience for male carers is explored within these themes, demonstrating how societal norms of masculinity intersect with caring roles. The paper concludes that a nuanced research approach to dementia care must continue to be developed, accounting for how gender shapes personal responses to the navigation of care relationships. Practitioners and policymakers must also consider how gendered experience shapes the identities and strategies of male carers.

The urban political ecologies of the green spaces of socialist housing estates: an analysis of green spaces in Bucharest, Romania

ABSTRACT This paper employs the Urban Political Ecology (UPE) framework in order to decipher the unequal geohistorical developments of the Green Spaces of Socialist Housing Estates (GSSHE) in Bucharest under socialist and post-socialist urban political economies. We respond to the call for provincializing and expanding UPE research beyond the Western world with our theoretically informed, empirically grounded study, as literature on socialist and post-socialist socio-natures is virtually non-existent. Bucharest’s GSSHE developed during the socialist era through an allocation of informal temporary land use rights that engendered practices of gardening and agriculture. During post-socialism, residents retained informal rights to use the land, engaging in activities such as gardening, temporary constructions, and house expansion. Simultaneously, patterns of both formal and informal privatization also began to emerge. The last decade brought strong institutional-led change, as district mayors of Bucharest redeveloped green spaces to serve the shifting conditions within the capitalist urban political economy. As some spaces have been completely destroyed, converted to parking spaces, bulldozed for temporary and illegal constructions, or placed under a green revitalization program, these more recent developments have come into conflict with, and partially into a negotiated relationship with, the past legacies of gardening, alternative welfare, and their preserved inequalities.

대차(大茶)·뇌원차(腦原茶)에 관한 연구

This study compared and analyzed the records of Dae Cha and Noewon Cha in Korean and Chinese historical records. This analysis showed that these two types of tea should be approached from an East Asian perspective, breaking the notion that had been recognized as unique domestic teas of Goryeo. In addition, Dae Cha and Noewon Cha are good research topics for understanding the negotiations of East Asian tea culture in the 10th century. An analysis of the records of the two countries suggested that Dae Cha was produced and used for 139 years from 909 to 1047 in the Wuyue, Min, and Goryeo dynasties. Noewon Cha may have existed throughout the Silla, Wuyue, and Goryeo Dynasties for 132 years, from 916 to 1047. Through this study, Dae Cha was produced in Muzhou, Zhejiang Province. Hence, the possibility that Noewon Cha could be Shilla's tea could be explored. In this paper, the Shilla theory, the Wuyue theory, and the Goryeo theory were raised in relation to the origin of Noewon Cha. In this study, some issues that need to be identified through future research have emerged. These include the problem with the name of Noewon Cha, which is marked differently in the records of the two countries, the problem of the production area of Noewon Cha, and the tea culture negotiation relationship between the countries that existed in the Korean Peninsula and the Chinese mainland in the 10th century. This study is expected to enrich the discourse of Dae Cha and Noewon Cha and give new vitality to research in this field.

Ecological aspects of online learning in higher education: a qualitative multi-level exploration in a developing country.

Using 22 undergraduate business students' online learning experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown in Pakistan (as the pandemic was the only time these students were enrolled as online students in Pakistan), this study demonstrates that online learning is a multi-level phenomenon and a practice situated within the environment. Despite online learning being a heavily researched area, research has under-examined the interaction of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework with the context. By adopting an ecological perspective, and by examining the interaction of micro, meso, and macro levels, this qualitative research provides useful insights into the interaction of the individual (micro-level) captured through the CoI framework, with the broader environment in which learners are located (meso and macro levels). It contributes to research on online learning broadly, and the CoI framework specifically, by revealing that each element of the CoI framework (micro-level), is influenced by macro (developing country), as well as meso (institutional policies and institutional preparedness) levels. It also spotlights the negotiated relationship between the individual and the systemic forces. The findings of this study are particularly relevant given that online education has the potential to become a norm in higher education in developing countries.

School leadership standards and graduate education: Instructional negotiations of theory, practice, and policy regulation.

The presence of school leadership standards in graduate education has come to influence the scope and content of leadership programs, highlighting tensions between political, practical, and scholarly views of leaders and leadership. This paper reports on a study of instructional practices within a graduate program in educational leadership connected to the Alberta Leadership Quality Standard to explore how instructors, as policy actors, encounter leadership standards not just as policies of compliance but of possibility. We interpret interview data from three faculty members through the lens of policy enactment to understand how their instruction negotiated relationships of theory and practice and how they negotiated the policy-based regulatory discourses associated with school leadership standards. Working between images of policy standards as text and discourse, findings show instructors engaged in dialogic commitments that help students develop practical and scholarly competencies while displacing the authority of standards, recontextualizing the standardization of leadership, and displacing the standards’ normative gaze.

Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Precarious State of a Double Agent during the Cold War

While scholarly literature has paid attention to human intelligence professionalism from the perspective of the agent handler, we know relatively little about the precarious positions in which (double) agents often find themselves and what their ensuing needs from their handlers consist of. This article suggests that (double) agents desire a reciprocal, affect-based relationship with their handlers, involving trust and gratitude, more than just a negotiated relationship based on (financial) agreements. This article explains the importance of such a relationship. The main source of this research consists of original, in-depth oral history interviews with former double agent “M.” He operated from the 1960s through the 1990s for the Dutch Security Service and the Central Intelligence Agency against the East German Ministerium für Staatssicherheit. The article analyzes the varying degrees of appreciation that these services showed for his work, and it investigates their consequences on the psychological well-being of the double agent.

Friendship archaeology: how Maude Abbott occupied overlapping spaces of excellence

This paper is drawn from a chapter of a forthcoming book on Canadian physician Maude Abbott. The excerpt explores how a prominent woman negotiated relationships during the early twentieth century. Abbott spent most of her career at McGill University in Montreal, as curator of its medical museum and as a researcher in congenital heart disease. Nonetheless her network of correspondents was vast. Engaging an approach the author calls ‘friendship archaeology’, the paper excavates Abbott's relationship with two powerful American physicians, Emanuel Libman and Paul Dudley White. Archival evidence turns up links with Nobel Prize nominees and winners, revealing how Abbott manoeuvred in that network.

Horizontalism in the implementation of land redistribution program in Cipari Cilacap Indonesia

This study explains the dynamics of non-state actors’ involvement in implementing a land redistribution program in Cipari, Cilacap, Indonesia. The urgency of this study is the massive involvement of non-state actors in the implementation of land redistribution programs while lacking analysis found for the dimension of horizontalism in the implementation of public policies, especially related to the land redistribution program as a part of land reform policy programs in Indonesia. This study focuses on the involvement of non-state actors, the role of Street-Level Bureaucrats (SLBs), and the relationship between SLBs and Local Farmers Organizations (LFO). This study implemented a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. The key informants consisted of village heads, village officials, LFO administrators, and administrators of LFO advocate organizations. We performed observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation reviews for data collection and implemented thematic data analysis. Three main findings include the non-state actors’ involvements since the colonial era (pre-independence), the old order, the new order, to post-reformation, the role of SLBs as state actors dominating the implementation of the land redistribution program, and the negotiation relationship between SLBs and LFO showing the SLBs as the winner.

Implementing Environmental and Social Responsibility Programs in Supply Networks Through Multiunit Bilateral Negotiation

Involving suppliers deep in the supply chain is critical for the success of environmental and social responsibility (ESR) initiatives. Administering ESR programs throughout a complex supply network, however, is challenging. In this paper, we apply a multiunit bilateral bargaining framework to coordinate ESR investments in a general supply network and analyze to what extent an ESR initiator should directly engage the higher-tier suppliers as opposed to delegating that responsibility to the first-tier suppliers. Our bargaining framework not only generalizes the conventional Shapley value approach by allowing the flexibility of modeling imbalanced power distribution among the firms but also provides an explicit way of implementing the resulting gain sharing among the firms through negotiated contract terms. We show that the eventual structure of ESR negotiation relationships can be derived by finding a shortest path tree in the supply network with the arc cost defined as the logarithm of the negotiating parties’ relative bargaining power. These developments allow us to analyze ESR implementation in generally extended supply networks. We find that the ESR initiator tends to delegate ESR negotiations to a supplier that is strong in negotiations with higher-tier suppliers. When the supply network is complex (i.e., wide and deep), directly engaging all suppliers can lead to a larger gain by the initiator than fully delegating the negotiations with higher-tier suppliers to the first-tier ones. However, as the network gets increasingly complex, the ESR initiator tends to directly engage a reduced percentage of higher-tier suppliers. We further extend our analysis to situations where the ESR relationships are sequentially formed in a decentralized manner, where the benefit of ESR depends on the collective choice of the firms’ investment levels, where multiple ESR programs are implemented in the network, and where ESR investments depend on the negotiation relationships.This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management.

Appraisal in Young Children’s Friendship Conversations: How Young Friends Establish Common Ground, Negotiate Relationships, and Maintain Play

Children’s first years at school are critical for their language development, academic progress, and social learning. Hopefully, children make friends when they start school because friendships support children’s learning and well-being. Friendships need to be developed and maintained, and interpersonal language resources like evaluative language provide linguistic tools that contribute to this relationship work. Appraisal theory (Martin & White, 2005) provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing evaluative language. This research applies the appraisal framework to explore evaluative language in the conversations of 2 pairs of 5-to-6-year-old friends. Children in each dyad identified each other as ‘very best friends,’ and their conversations were recorded as they played together. They used appraisal resources to negotiate and build common ground, to encourage responses from their friends, and to enrich their play. This research applies Martin and White’s (2005) framework in a new context and brings a new tool to the study of children’s peer conversations.

Incarcerated women’s cooking and eating practices in a ‘humane’ Danish open prison

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to examine incarcerated women’s cooking and eating practices in a Danish open prison to gain insight into the Nordic penal exceptionalism debate. Self-catering and the policy of normalization, which dictates that prison conditions be as similar as possible to conditions outside the prison, have been seen by some as evidence of humane prison conditions. This article draws on three months of ethnographic fieldwork to argue that incarcerated women in a mixed-gender Danish open prison use cooking and eating to display family, articulate allegiance, and negotiate relations of exchange. Incarcerated women used food preparation to maintain relationships with family and negotiate relationships with other prisoners, yet data also reveal the ways in which incarceration and turnover profoundly strained these relationships. I argue that self-catering is worth emulating while emphasizing the limitations of labelling it humane and propose that turnover deserves further research.

The Micro-politics of Recognition and Care: How Adult Children in Urban China Negotiate Relationships with Emigrant Siblings

Abstract This article offers the concept of “economies of recognition” to analyze the moral frames that siblings caring for left-behind parents in China use to negotiate intimate connections to their emigrant brothers and sisters. We argue that the impact of family dislocation on sibling relations is shaped by family members’ co-constructed relational infrastructure. Our findings identify four types of relational infrastructure—collaboration, intrusion/interference, voluntary takeover, and feeling left behind—that mediate the impact of geographic proximity on parental caregiving. We suggest that the interplay between physical distance and elder care is emotionally experienced, interactionally evaluated, and symbolically understood. Understanding solidarity, conflicts, and ambivalence in the contexts of family crisis requires a close examination of how members of a care network attribute each other’s roles and contributions to power symmetry or asymmetry. This explains why the advice, information, money, people, and emotions that are circulated are thought of as helpful resources in some cases but perceived as constraints in others.

Expanding Travel Constraint Negotiation Theory: An Exploration of Cognitive and Behavioral Constraint Negotiation Relationships

Travel participation and preferences are impacted by a range of constraints, which can be overcome using behavioral (i.e., actions) and cognitive (i.e., mental) constraint negotiation strategies. Given the limited focus on cognitive negotiation in tourism research, this study aims to expand travel constraint negotiation theory using a sequential mixed-methods approach. Qualitative interviews (n=27) with travelers affected by constraints were used to identify emergent themes of cognitive constraint negotiation. A quantitative survey (n=978) was conducted to empirically test hypothesized relationships between constraints and cognitive as well as behavioral negotiation strategies. Results showed cognitive constraint negotiation (1) involved either changes in perceptions of a constraint or travel aspirations, (2) was positively related to behavioral strategies, and (3) mediated the relationship between constraints and behavioral negotiation strategies. Consequently, cognitive constraint negotiation was found to play a more important role than suggested in past studies.

Testing a Structural Model of Constraints Negotiation in Spectator Sports: The Moderating Effect of Satisfaction with Marketing Strategies

This study extends the leisure constraints literature and empirically tests the constraints–effects– mitigation model within the context of spectator sports. The moderating effects of satisfaction with marketing strategies on the constraints–negotiation relationship and the motivation–negotiation relationship were also examined. Data (n = 997) were collected from spectators attending Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) games during the regular seasons in 2014 and 2015. Results showed that 1) negotiation works to independently influence participation; 2) the relationship between motivation and participation is partially mediated by negotiation strategies; 3) the relationship between motivation and negotiation is moderated by satisfaction with marketing strategies; and 4) constraints have no significant influence on participation and negotiation. The results advance our understanding of the factors influencing consumers' leisure participation and the decision-making mechanism. This could help professional sport teams develop more effective and targeted marketing strategies. The findings may also help enrich sport spectators' consumption of leisure experiences.

Beyond the tyranny of the typology: moving from labelling to negotiating international school teachers’ identities

ABSTRACT This paper critically surveys four typologies that have been used to identify and understand international school teachers. The critique highlights two main limitations with the typologies. The first, ontological in nature, is that reifying teachers as a type does not capture the complexity of lived experience. The second, ethico-political in nature, is that labelling marginalises the teacher in the research process. Research is done on, rather than with, teachers. This paper’s central argument is that the typology represents a form of symbolic violence that silences teachers’ voices. In order to address the issues highlighted above, this paper proposes an alternative approach to researching international school teachers, which is situated within postmodern accounts of identity and relational ethics. This paper’s contribution lies in highlighting the limitations of typologising international school teachers and teachers in general and proposing an alternative approach that reconfigures the researcher-teacher dyad within the context of a relationship of care, mutual respect and negotiation.