Parental Neglect Research Articles

Understanding the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Youth: A Systematic Review.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as a deliberate destruction of one's own body without a suicidal intent, is a global public health issue. Adverse childhood events (ACEs) have been shown to be associated with various mental illnesses; however, to date the impact of such events on NSSI in youth has not been reviewed. We conducted a systematic review, searched 5 databases for published articles evaluating ACE and NSSI in youth less than or equal to 21 years of age. After screening 247 articles, we included 21 unique articles in this systematic review. Increasing ACE score, physical, sexual or emotional abuse, parental neglect and substance use, parental separation or dysfunctional family, and death of a close family member had statistically significant correlation with NSSI. Non-suicidal self-injury is an impairing diagnosis with far reaching psychiatric manifestations and repercussions. Practitioners having high clinical suspicion for ACEs in youth with NSSI must intervene early by administering the ACEs questionnaire. Effective treatment of NSSI in those with ACEs with psychotherapy significantly improves outcomes and prevents suicide in youth.

Adversity and suicidality during youth

ABSTRACT This analysis examined relationships between childhood adversities and the odds of suicide attempt(s) prior to age 17. Respondents (N = 2072) completed the survey through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. The sample was represented disproportionately by young adult women who identified as Caucasian. The sample was differentiated into subsets with versus without suicide attempt(s) prior to age 17. Suicide attempt(s) in this sample (22.4%) varied in number (once, n = 200; 9.7%; twice, n = 114, 5.5%; multiple, n = 150, 7.2%). The odds of suicide attempt(s) prior to age 17 were significantly (p < .001) higher for respondents reporting childhood sexual abuse (OR = 5.0), physical abuse (OR = 4.9), emotional abuse (OR = 3.7), peer bullying (OR = 3.1), parental neglect (OR = 1.6), and maternal battering (OR = 2.15). All adversities but exposure to maternal battering accounted for unshared variance in suicide attempts prior to age 17. Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire exposure counts were associated with child and adolescent suicide attempts. Suicide risk did not appear to increment progressively by additional exposures after two co-occurring stressors. The odds of early suicide attempt(s) were markedly higher in this sample among respondents who were exposed to one or more forms of childhood adversity.

Dimensions of early life adversity and their associations with functional brain organisation

Abstract Early life adversity is associated with differences in brain function and an elevated risk for poor mental health. Using data from children aged 10 (N = 5,798) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort, we investigated how adversity relates to functional brain organisation using a network neuroscience approach. We derived four data-driven categories of adversity by fitting a mixed graphical model: household/community instability, physical/sexual abuse, parental neglect, and financial difficulties. Analyses revealed that multiple forms of adversity were associated with reduced clustering and increased assortativity across the entire brain and that these local measures of organisation captured greater adversity-related variance than mesoscale measures like modularity. The most pronounced effects were in the somatosensory and subcortical networks. Financial difficulties showed the strongest and most widespread associations with brain organisation, with evidence of a mediating effect of assortativity on the association between financial difficulties and internalising symptoms. Adding race as a covariate attenuated most brain-adversity relationships, suggesting that experiences of adversity are strongly related to race/ethnicity in the ABCD sample. These results demonstrate that different forms of adversity are associated with both shared and unique variations in functional brain organisation, highlighting its potential significance for explaining individual differences in mental health outcomes following early life adversity.

Family Factors Associated With Bullying Among Adolescents in Asia: A Scoping Review

Purposes: This scoping review aims to determine the family factors that influenced the occurrence of bullying among adolescents in Asian countries. Therefore, the research questions behind this review are as follows: What protective factors and risk factor are known to influence bullying among adolescent in Asian countries? Method: This study used PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines. Search strategy in this study employs four electronic databases resources, SAGE, Springerlink, Science Direct, and Proquest. Result: Researchers compiled previous relevant quantitative and qualitative research to investigate family as a protective factor and a risk factor for adolescent bullying. The search on the database resulted in 28 studies published from 2012 to 2021 which have been analyzed. Parental bonding was the most common protective factor found in the literature, followed by warm parenting, parental involvement, parents’ support and acceptance. The risk factors for bullying included slapping, authoritarian parenting, parental control, weak family attachment, parental neglect, poor parental support, and poor communication with family. Applications/Originality/Value: The conclusion from this research is the scoping review results revealed that family variables became the protective and risk factors for adolescent bullying in the Asian context. The findings suggested that family was also an influential factor in adolescent bullying in the Asian context, in line with previous relevant studies in Western countries. However, the bonding with parents as a protective factor against bullying for adolescents in Asia might be explored further by employing collectivist cultural studies.

Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Kedisiplinan Pelaksanaan Sholat pada Anak

An important role in instilling discipline in children is held by both parents. The discipline of children's worship can be obtained through parents' parenting of their children. Parents vary in teaching their children the discipline of prayer. Some parents use authoritarian methods, where children are forced to pray without providing adequate understanding or explanation. As a result, they tend to perform prayers out of compulsion and lack involvement in making decisions. Permissive or liberal parenting involves parents over-indulging their children and letting them do as they please. It is more likely to give excessive or indifferent attention to their children. If parents neglect their children's worship, especially with regard to prayer and do not encourage or invite them to perform it, then children will neglect worship and act as they wish. If parents over-indulge their children and do not emphasize the importance of praying, these children will become negligent and indifferent towards praying even if their parents ask them to do so. The democratic parenting method is used by the majority of parents. By using this democratic parenting approach, they not only build a good relationship with their children but also give them adequate understanding and explanation of the meaning of prayer. That way, the children.

Investigation into the Interrelation Between Parenting Styles and Parental Financial Behavior

Parenting styles are an essential factor in how parents raise their children. More literature is needed about the role of parenting styles on parental financial socialization. How parents manage their finances is essential as children observe and imitate their parents' behavior. This study investigated the relationship between parenting styles and parental financial behavior. Parenting style was measured through authoritarian, neglectful, authoritative, and permissive. This study adopted a quantitative research approach and used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from young adults in two provinces (Gauteng and Mpumalanga) in South Africa. Correlation analysis was used to analyze data. The results showed a significant positive relationship between authoritarian, neglectful, authoritative, and permissive parenting styles and parental financial behavior. Thus, it is concluded that a significant positive relationship exists between parenting styles and parental financial behavior. The study implies that parents should invest more time in understanding and evaluating their parenting styles and adopt authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting styles as they were found to support and foster financial socialization. Financial educators and the government must design and implement financial programs to inform parents of different parenting styles. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by empirically testing the relationship between parenting styles and parental financial behavior.

Parental emotional neglect and depression among adolescents in China: a moderated mediation model

Parental emotional neglect and depression among adolescents in China: a moderated mediation model

The brother's penalty: Boy preference and girls' health in rural China.

This paper identifies the health penalty experienced by girls due to having a brother from endogenous sibling gender composition. We propose a girls-to-girls comparison strategy and rule out the confounding effect from the sibship size, birth interval, and birth order. Employing an instrumental variable approach and data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies, we find that girls with a brother are demonstrably shorter and report poorer health. This "brother's penalty" manifests even prenatally. Alternative explanations, such as birth order disadvantages, are carefully addressed and ruled out. The results hold even after excluding gender-neutral ethnic minorities. This observed penalty is likely attributed to unequal resource allocation within families and potential parental neglect. This penalty is amplified in families with lower income and maternal education, implying resource constraints contribute to gender discrimination. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing intrafamily gender bias for ensuring equal opportunities and health outcomes. Clinical trial registration: Not applicable.

NAVIGATING ADOLESCENCE: UNDERSTANDING HEDONISTIC LIFESTYLES AMONG INDONESIAN TEENAGERS

During adolescence, teenagers are often influenced by various factors that shape their lifestyle choices. This study investigates the hedonistic lifestyle among "X" students at SMP 16 Palembang, focusing on the impacts of parental influence, financial management, environmental factors, and social dynamics. Employing a qualitative descriptive research method, data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that parental neglect and excessive pocket money contribute to students' consumptive behavior, exacerbated by societal trends and peer pressure. The allure of a hedonistic lifestyle, characterized by materialistic pursuits and gadget dependency, poses risks to students' well-being and social development. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for parental guidance and societal support in promoting balanced lifestyles and responsible behavior among adolescents. These findings underscore the i

Treatment Resistant Early-Onset Schizophrenia: A Tale of Two Siblings

IntroductionEarly-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS) is a rare and severe form of schizophrenia that begins in childhood and it is often associated with genetic risk factors, poorer prognosis, and increased treatment resistance compared to adult-onset schizophrenia (Hatzimanolis et al. Eur Psychiatry 2020;63(1):e44). This case report presents two siblings diagnosed with EOS and treated at the same inpatient clinic in different years.ObjectivesThe aim is offering a perspective on the clinical characteristics, genetic and enviromental implications, and treatment challenges of two siblings with EOS and seeking to enhance understanding of EOS’s complexity, particularly in the context of treatment resistance.MethodsA comprehensive retrospective review of the siblings’ all medical records was conducted, focusing on their psychiatric history, symptoms, treatment trials, and responses of treatment. Both cases’ current clinical situations were evaluated cross-sectionally.ResultsOlder sibling: 19 year-old male, was diagnosed with EOS following the onset of symptoms as social withdrawal, negativism and suspiciousness at the age of 14. He referred to the inpatient clinic with the cause of drug intake refusal. Risperidone treatment started but there was no significant response. Risperidone to olanzapine switch made and clinical remission observed. After his discharge, 4 more hospitalisations in 5 years needed due to low socioeconomic status, parental neglect and him having no insight and stopped taking his medications repeatedly. Several depot form antipsychotic injections started to prevent recurrent hospitalisation. Despite that he needed several hospitalisations to adult psychiatry inpatient clinics.Younger sibling: 14 year-old female, were diagnosed with EOS following the symptoms as auditory hallucinations, suspiciousness, disorganised speech and behaviours at the age of 13. She referred to the same inpatient clinic with suicidal risk after 2 years of his brother’s last hospital stay. She responded good to olanzapine treatment like her brother’s, during her first stay. After 2 weeks of her discharge, her psychotic symptoms started again with no specific reason. Second hospitalisation needed due to her homicidal and suicidal risk. Clozapine and aripipirazole treatment started and she discharged in partial remission. She is being followed in outpatient clinic, with low functioning.ConclusionsDespite trials of multiple antipsychotic medications and adjunctive treatments, both siblings demonstrated significant treatment resistance. These sibling cases underscore the complexity and challenges in managing EOS, particularly when it presents with treatment resistance. The shared familial environment and potential genetic factors demand further investigation to elucidate the pathogenesis of EOS and optimize therapeutic approaches.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Case Analysis of a Patient with Functional Pathological Crying

IntroductionFunctional pathological crying is a complex psychic phenomenon which poses both diagnostic and management challenges to the psychiatrist and psychotherapist. Apart from treatment with medications when clinically indicated, psychodynamic psychotherapy can be useful to understand the aetiology and to address these psychological issues faced by patients.ObjectivesIn this case report, psychodynamic psychotherapeutic techniques are employed to examine and manage functional pathological crying.Ms L was a 33-year-old Chinese single woman who presented with mixed depressive and anxiety symptoms associated with frequent severe bouts of wailing. She had a history of parental neglect and childhood sexual abuse. Following psychiatric assessment, she was diagnosed with Mixed Depressive and Anxiety Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. She was treated with Sertraline 50mg every morning and was referred for psychodynamic therapy.MethodsBuilding trust and rapport with Ms L was crucial so that the therapeutic relationship could be utilized as a vehicle for change through earned attachments. Helping her appreciate how present experiences reflect conflicts from her past and addressing her defence mechanisms with the aims of expression of emotions, exploring her wishes and fantasies to access unconscious conflicts were important. These build greater self-awareness which helped her to develop the capacity for emotional self-regulation, bringing about an increase in her level of adaptation to stressors.ResultsDuring the early phase of therapy, Ms L would be wailing throughout most of the therapy hour. As therapeutic rapport and trust were established, she began to open up about her abuse for us to explore her conflicts and complex emotions associated with it.The key themes that emerged were her chronic low self-esteem with fears of authorities and abandonment, the tendency to take up a defended regressive helpless child-like position whenever feelings related to the abuse were rekindled, as well as the manifestation of these complicated psychic experiences in the form of a complex wailing phenomenon.The functional pathological crying was a mixture of an expression of her challenging conflictual painful feelings, symbolic expression of her cry for help, repressive and regressive child-like emotional states as well as having a defensive function to avoid coming in touch with painful feelings.Through therapy, Ms L was able to make better sense of her wailing, develop the capacity for emotional self-regulation by adopting a healthier adult position in responding to difficult feelings when triggered, learning to forgive herself and others, assume better self-care and improved relationships with others.ConclusionsThrough psychodynamic psychotherapy, complex functional pathological crying can be better understood and managed to bring about intra-psychic and interpersonal functional improvements.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

다문화가정 청소년의 성취동기와 부모의 방임에 따른 진로결정성의 변화궤적

다문화가정 청소년의 성취동기와 부모의 방임에 따른 진로결정성의 변화궤적

Tajdid Iman Al-Muslimin fi Qoryati Silandurung min Khilali Barnamij Khidmati Al-Mujtama' fi Syahri Ramadhon

Learning Islamic sciences and the Quran profoundly influences individual and community faith renewal in various aspects. Employing a descriptive research approach, analyzing Quranic verses, prophetic sayings, and community leaders' opinions, a study conducted in Silandurong village during Ramadan revealed a lack of enthusiasm among its predominantly Muslim population for Islamic education and Quranic reading. Reasons include parental neglect in nurturing proper beliefs, societal indifference toward the illuminating religion, and governmental neglect of religious programs. Despite a Muslim majority, attendance at prayers and educational sessions barely reaches 5%, even during Ramadan. To address this, the researcher recommends the establishment of educational councils, memorization circles, and Islamic evening schools for children to revitalize faith and foster community well-being, promoting comfort, tranquility, stability, and security from harm.

Prenatal, perinatal and parental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in China: a case- control study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heritable neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but environmental risk factors have also been suggested to a play a role in its development. Prenatal, perinatal and parental factors have been associated with an increased risk of ASD in children. The aim of the present study was to explore the prenatal, perinatal, and parenting risk factors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from Beijing, China by comparing them with typically developing (TD) children. A sample of 151 ASD children's parents who from rehabilitation institutions in Beijing were enrolled in this study, and an additional 151 children from kindergartens in Beijing were recruited as a control group (child age: mean = 4.4 years). TD children were matched according to age, sex and maternal education. We explored the maternal AQ (Autism Spectrum Quotient) scores (mean:19.40-19.71, no significant difference between two groups) to referring the genetic baseline. This study evaluated 17 factors with unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Birth asphyxia was associated with a more than a thirteen-fold higher risk of ASD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 13.42). Breastfeeding difficulties were associated with a higher risk of ASD(AOR = 3.46). Parenting influenced the risk of ASD, with low responding (LR) and harsh or neglectful parenting associated with a higher risk of ASD in offspring (AOR = 2.37 for LR, AOR = 3.42 for harsh parenting and AOR = 3.01 for neglectful parenting). Maternal fever during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of ASD in offspring (AOR = 3.81). Many factors were associated with ASD in offspring. Further assessment is needed to elucidate the role of modifiable environmental factors to inform prevention strategies.

Alexithymia as a mediator of the associations between child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence

Child maltreatment is a global concern that profoundly affects individuals throughout their lives. This study investigated the relationships between various forms of child maltreatment and behavior problems involving internalization and externalization during adolescence. Data obtained from a diverse sample of 1802 Canadians aged 14–18 years was used to examine the mediating role of alexithymia—a difficulty in recognizing and expressing emotions—in these associations. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) in their childhood exhibited higher levels of alexithymia, which was correlated with elevated levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Physical abuse and parental neglect were only associated with externalizing problems. Gender differences also emerged, with gender-diverse adolescents reporting a higher prevalence of maltreatment, alexithymia, and behavior problems compared with their peers. However, alexithymia’s mediating role was consistent across genders. Overall, this study highlights the intricate relationships between child maltreatment, alexithymia, and adolescent behavior problems. The findings of this study how different forms of child maltreatment significantly shape behavioral outcomes and indicate the importance of interventions in enhancing emotional awareness and expression in adolescents with a childhood history of maltreatment.

Scars of the Past – Stories: Creating A Short Story Collection Highlighting Childhood Emotional Neglect and Its Impacts in Adulthood

Childhood Emotional Neglect (CEN) is described as a parent’s failure to respond enough to their child’s emotional needs. Although the effects can be severe, it is rarely studied compared to other kinds of childhood abuse and maltreatment. The writers hope to raise awareness about the topic through a short story collection which consists of four stories. Each story shows different types of emotionally neglectful parents, its impacts on the victims as adults, and how they overcome their situation using Dr. Jonice Webb’s empirical insights on CEN as a theoretical framework. The protagonists: Amanda, Brian, Christine, and Daniel, are people in their early twenties who go through their lives trying to deal with the impact of childhood emotional neglect that their parents gave them. The stories show a few types of emotionally neglectful parents: the combination of the narcissistic parent and the achievement/perfection focused parent, the permissive parent, the workaholic parent, and child as parent. The impacts in adulthood materialize in these stories include hiding emotions and lack of self-love, lack of self-discipline, lack of self-esteem, and being overly responsible. The solutions pursued by the main characters are learning to say no, improving their sense of self-discipline, self-soothing, and trying to put themselves first.

Giving Voice to Women with Substance Use Disorder: Findings from Expressive Writing About Trauma.

Trauma exposure is a risk factor for substance use disorders (SUD) among women. This study explores written content from an expressive writing (EW) intervention conducted within a residential SUD program to examine themes across trauma experiences and characterize their deep insight into such experiences. This qualitative study is a secondary data analysis of written content of the first writing session from women (n = 44) randomized to an EW condition while in residential SUD treatment. Nearly all participants (72.7% African American; mean age 37.3 years) reported a significant trauma event (93.2%) with an average of 3.7 types of trauma events (54.4% had a current posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis). Four primary themes emerged: (1) trauma across the lifespan; (2) loss of safety; (3) altered self-concept; and (4) desire to move on. Most participants identified interpersonal trauma, especially at an early age, as well as parental neglect and physical and/or sexual violence. These themes indicate a pattern of interpersonal betrayal and paint a picture of trauma and the subsequent "rippling effect" such that the physical, mental, and emotional consequences were often as impactful as the event itself. However, there was also a desire to move on and gain a sense of normalcy. Findings highlight the importance of the written word and addressing underlying trauma in addiction treatment to facilitate healing and the woman's desire to move on.

The Influence of Parenting Style on Student Academic Achievement Based on Gender

The literature recognizes the importance of parenting and its impact on children's academic achievement at school. Many factors influence children's academic achievement, and parenting patterns and gender are significant factors that influence children's academic achievement outcomes at school. However, few studies still discuss the relationship between parenting and children's educational achievement outcomes based on gender. This study used a systematic literature review method. This study used three databases (Google Scholar, JSTOR, and Springer Link). The results of this study show that, based on authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting, authoritative parenting is the most effective parenting method in improving children's academic achievement, both girls and boys. In addition, with authoritative parenting, children can have good social and emotional skills.

Kamala Das: A Writer Forged in Emotion and Language

Kamala Das, a poet renowned for her raw honesty and emotional intensity, carved her own path amidst societal constraints and personal struggles. This abstract explores the key themes that shaped her life and work. Das's childhood, marked by parental neglect and a yearning for connection, left an indelible imprint. It fueled her empathy for the marginalized and her defiant voice against injustice. From a young age, Das turned to poetry to express her unfulfilled desires and grapple with complex emotions. The "headless dolls" motif resonated with her sense of incompleteness and longing for wholeness. Das challenged societal norms, questioning feminine roles and advocating for women's autonomy. Her marriage, devoid of emotional intimacy, became a battleground against patriarchal expectations. Das's quest for love, initially idealistic, evolved into a yearning for genuine connection and emotional fulfillment. This exploration, often labeled "ecriture feminine," transcended categorization and resonated with universal human desires. Despite societal disapproval and personal challenges, Das remained true to her voice. Her poems, infused with vulnerability and strength, continue to inspire readers with their unflinching honesty and emotional depth.

Adolescent psychopathic traits and adverse environments: Associations with socially adaptive outcomes.

Researchers have suggested that psychopathic traits among adults may be, at least in part, an adaptive and/or a learned response for securing socially adaptive outcomes in adverse environments, but there is a lack of developmental evidence supporting this hypothesis among adolescents. Therefore, we examined the indirect links from self-perceived adverse environments (parental neglect, socioeconomic status, school competition, neighborhood violence) to evolutionarily relevant social outcomes (social power, dating behavior) through psychopathic traits. A community sample of 396 adolescents completed measures for the study (Mage = 14.64, SD = 1.52). As predicted, there were significant indirect effects from higher levels of parental neglect, school competition, and neighborhood violence to both forms of socially adaptive outcomes through psychopathic traits, but unexpectedly, there were no indirect effects with socioeconomic status. There were also direct effects between environment and socially adaptive outcomes. Results support the hypothesis that psychopathic traits may be, in part, an adaptive and/or learned response to cues from adverse social environments as a means to acquire evolutionarily relevant social outcomes. Interventions could be designed to target the adverse social issues that might be facilitating the development of psychopathy and should be sensitive to the social outcomes adolescents may acquire from these traits.