Negative Research Articles

Induced ruminative and mindful self-focus in daily life across the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Rumination and mindfulness are transdiagnostic risk and protective factors while their role in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the cycle-phase-specific effects of rumination and mindful self-focus on momentary mood and cognitions in women with and without PMDD. This study involved brief ambulatory inductions of ruminative and mindful self-focus along with ambulatory assessments of negative (NA) and positive affect (PA), and rumination, present-moment-awareness (PMA) and self-acceptance on two days during both the follicular and late luteal phase in women with and without PMDD (n = 60 each). Compared to healthy controls, women with PMDD showed stronger increases in PA in response to mindful self-focus inductions during the late luteal phase, whereas no such group differences were identified during the follicular phase. Independent of clinical status and cycle phase, induced ruminative self-focus immediately increased momentary NA and rumination and decreased PMA, whereas induced mindful self-focus inductions increased momentary self-acceptance. Overall, higher PA-reactivity toward mindful self-focusing during late luteal phase in women with PMDD points to the potential of cycle-phase-specific mindfulness interventions for PMDD. Irrespective of cycle phase, rumination and mindfulness appear to represent targets for brief prevention and intervention measures for both non-clinical and clinical groups.

“I feel the weight of expectations”: how emotions and social norms shape news choices about superfood diets

Focusing on “super diets” and different approaches to integrate superfoods in one’s diet (i.e., small- vs. large-change approaches), this study examines the drivers behind healthy eating information management (both seeking and avoidance). We combine self-reported data (N = 359) about the individual’s affective states (positive (PA), negative (NA), and mixed (MA)) and the perceived informational subjective norms (ISN) with unobtrusively measured news selectivity. The data was analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models, which simultaneously accounted for the seeking and avoiding healthy eating news. Findings revealed that the seeking behavior could neither be explained by the individual’s affective state (negative or mixed), informational subjective norms, nor by their interaction. However, contrary to our predictions, positive affect was not associated with avoiding news about healthy eating. Regarding specific content features, informational subjective norms were the only significant predictor of seeking news featuring large-change approaches to one’s diet. While individuals in negative affective states were likely to spend less time on news featuring a small-change approach, individuals with mixed affects were likely to spend more time on news featuring such an approach. The interaction between mixed affect and negative affect with informational subjective norms reversed this relationship. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Experiments and modelling of negative triangularity ASDEX Upgrade plasmas in view of DTT scenarios

The paper presents experimental and modelling results of a comparison of negative (NT) and positive (PT) triangularity ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) discharges using the plasma shapes presently foreseen in the DTT tokamak, under construction in Italy. This work is part of a broader effort of investigation to understand whether the good properties observed in NT scenarios in DIII-D and TCV may be extrapolated to the DTT device and more generally to DEMO future operations. The experimental results have shown a practical gain of running these AUG plasmas with only ECRH and mixed NBI+ECRH phases in negative triangularity, even if they access the H-mode. Indeed, the NT electron kinetic profiles recover in all cases the PT electron pressures inside mid-radius due to reduced transport in the region ρtor=0.7−0.9 , while exhibiting lower individual ELM (Edge Localised Mode) energy losses. The ion pressure and expected fusion performance are comparable in the case of similar densities. Integrated modelling has been performed using the transport solver ASTRA and the quasi-linear turbulent model TGLF, investigating the transport properties of these discharges. The modelling reproduces the experiments qualitatively with reasonable accuracy. Nonetheless, the heat transport in NT cases is partially overestimated. This may be because TGLF uses the Miller equilibrium, which approximates the magnetic flux surfaces as up-down symmetric. In the caseof these asymmetric NT shapes, the simulated outer surfaces lose part of the tilt with respect to the z-axis, reducing the upper δ < 0 effect. A numerical test to discern the impact of the geometry by symmetrically flipping the shape has shown a beneficial effect of the negative triangularity on heat transport.

Text messaging to enhance glucose monitoring and self-care in teens with type 1 diabetes: Teens’ perceptions predict outcomes

AimsWe assessed association between how teens with type 1 diabetes (T1D) perceived a text-messaging (TM) reminder system to check glucose levels and how their perceptions related to their responsiveness to TM reminders to check glucose levels. MethodsTeens received TM reminders 1–4 times daily to check glucose levels and to reply with the result. Qualitative assessments were performed quarterly. Teens were categorized by perceptions expressed at the majority of the visits and their TM responsiveness over 18 months. ResultsThere were 135 teens (51 % male), with a mean age of 14.8 ± 1.2 years, receiving TM reminders. Distribution of participants’ perceptions was 37 % positive (POS), 35 % neutral (with both positive and negative responses (POS/NEG)), and 28 % negative (NEG). Teens with POS perceptions about TM reminders were more likely to respond with a glucose value to the TM reminders than teens with NEG or POS/NEG perceptions (p = 0.002). Youth with POS perceptions and TM responsiveness on ≥ 50 % of days had an 0.81 % improvement in their HbA1c (p = 0.004) over 18 months. ConclusionsTeens with POS perceptions to TM reminders were likely to respond and their responsiveness yielded glycemic benefit, suggesting need to consider opinions of teens with T1D to maximize their intervention engagement and resulting benefits.

Transfer learning approach for identifying negative sentiment in tweets directed to football players

In recent times, the rising cases of racial abuse toward football players are gravely concerning. This trend is becoming a recurrent decimal on social networks with little or no proactive measures to serve as a deterrent to others in most cases. There was a public outcry due to massive racial abuse remarks targeting some England footballers during the Euro2020 final between England and Italy on social media. This motivated us to investigate and recommend a better solution to the social pandemic through the application of transfer learning. This will go a long way to maintain unity in diversity in the game of football. Tweets with related hashtags to the football match were scraped. The researchers framed this problem as a multi-class classification task. The Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (VADER) compound score was employed to label the dataset as positive (POS), negative (NEG), and neutral (NEU). Seven pre-trained models were fine-tuned and corresponding models were built for identifying negative sentiments toward the football players. Three contributions were made – a review of literature on racial abuse targeting footballers, a new dataset to further research in this direction and a robust transformer-based model identified for policing Twitter during football games. Among the models built, the distilled version of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (DistilBERT) proved superior with an F1-score of 0.99.

Attention and Interpretation Bias Modification Transfers to Memory Bias: Testing the Combined Cognitive Bias Hypothesis

PurposeThis study delves into the combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression, exploring the interaction between negative attention, interpretation and memory biases. We aimed to assess whether modifying attention and interpretation bias would lead to congruent changes in memory bias, and to what extend and depth this causal effect can be.MethodNinety-nine undergraduates underwent either a positive (PT) or negative (NT) four-day attention and interpretation bias training. A set of well-established post-training assessments including free recall, recognition, autobiographic memory, and self-reference encoding tasks were used to evaluate memory bias. Affective states were measured pre- and post-training.ResultsCompared to PT, participants in NT correctly retrieved more negative trained stimuli, and falsely recognized more negative synonyms of trained terms. NT also exhibited an enhanced retrieval of negative autobiographical memory. No significant differences were found between NT and PT in self-referential encoding and retrieval bias, or affective states.DiscussionThe results suggested an extensive and strong transfer effect from attention and interpretation bias modification to different facets of memory bias, being found in retrieving trained emotional stimuli, in memory intrusion of negative synonyms, and in autobiographic memory recall. The findings underscored the causality between three biases, supporting the combined cognitive bias hypothesis. It might also suggest an effective new approach to modify memory bias via attention and interpretation bias training.

AGING AND WELL-BEING: TESTING MINDFULNESS AS A MEDIATOR AND RESILIENCE AS A MODERATOR IN A NIGERIAN SAMPLE

Abstract The mediating role of mindfulness on the relationship between age and affect (both positive and negative) has been established in Western samples. However, these associations have not been well considered within additional cultural contexts. The present study examined whether mindfulness mediates the relationship between increased age and both positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect. We also took an exploratory approach to assess the strength and direction of the age-affect relationship as a function of resilience. Participants were 242 (95 women, age range = 18-75 years, Mage = 41.79; SDage = 13.58) adults, affiliated with the University of Nigeria-Nsukka, who completed the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale through Qualtrics. Separate moderated-mediation analyses were conducted for PA and NA. For the PA model, the only significant association was between age and mindfulness, with higher age predicting increased self-reported mindfulness. For the NA model, higher self-reported mindfulness predicted lower levels of NA. When NA was simultaneously regressed on age and mindfulness, the direct effect between age and NA was non-significant, but the indirect effect of age on NA through mindfulness was significant, suggesting that the association between age and negative affect was mediated by mindfulness. Resilience did not provide a significant moderating influence in the PA and NA models. The present findings suggest that older adults may experience diminished levels of negative affect due to an increased capacity for mindfulness. Hence, mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in improving the well-being of older populations.

DOES THE FACTS ON AGING QUIZ ASSESS AGING STEREOTYPES?

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Report on Ageism urges researchers to develop and validate assessment tools, thus enabling the field to better address ageism. This study assesses the internal consistency and construct validity of a short Facts on Aging Quiz (SFAQ, 10-items). We hypothesize that the SFAQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing aging stereotypes. Data from the National Resource Center on Nutrition and Aging 2022 Needs Assessment were utilized. Data were collected via an online survey through a convenience sample of the National Aging Network (n=1,910). Three aging perspective tools were included: SFAQ, Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA, 12-items), and the WHO Ageism Quiz (AQ, 8-items). An exploratory factor analysis assessed whether negative (NEG) and positive (POS)-stereotype SFAQ items emerged as constructs. The factor analysis showed that NEG and POS-SFAQ accounted for 31.39% and 19.63% of the total variance, respectively. Cronbach alpha evaluated the internal consistency of the tools. Internal consistency for ERA (α=.81) and AQ (α=.57) were acceptable but low for total SFAQ (α=.28); reliability was acceptable for NEG-SFAQ (α=.71) and lower for POS-SFAQ (α=.40). Pearson correlation assessed convergent validity, with a significance level of p&amp;lt;.0001 (df=1,908) for all correlations. A negative correlation was detected between POS-SFAQ and ERA (r=-.31) and positive correlations between NEG-SFAQ and both ERA (r=.55) and AQ (r=.65), confirming convergent validity. POS-SFAQ was negatively correlated with NEG-SFAQ (r=-.19), suggesting the SFAQ may contain conflicting items. In conclusion, versions of the FAQ may perform better as a tool to assess aging stereotypes.

Quality Analysis of Lupus Anticoagulant Testing: Indeterminate and Interference

Abstract Lupus anticoagulant (LA) testing is a commonly performed test within hemostasis laboratories. Criteria for diagnosing a LA based on the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis are: prolonged phospholipid-dependent (PD) clotting test, evidence of an inhibitor, evidence the inhibitor is PD, and exclusion of specific inhibitors. At our academic institution, we analyzed Lupus anticoagulant results to establish common sources of drug interference (DI), identify causes of indeterminate results, and evaluate if repeat testing was performed on patients with an initial indeterminate test. At this institution, Lupus anticoagulant evaluation includes activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), Anti-Xa activity, Thrombin Time (TT), diluted Russell Viper Venom Time, hexagonal phase phospholipid assay, and Platelet Neutralization Procedure. Samples with Anti-Xa activity &amp;gt;0.1 IU/mL and/or elevated TT are treated with hepzyme; if the Anti-Xa activity or TT does not correct, testing is not completed. Samples with elevated aPTT undergo an immediate and incubated mixing study (MS). Samples are considered positive (POS) for LA if there is a positive screening test (+ST), +MS, and evidence of PD in at least one assay. Tests are resulted as indeterminate (IND) with a +ST and either +MS or +PD. LA results are reported as unlikely (UNL) if only a single phospholipid panel is positive without +ST or +MS, and negative (NEG) if the ST, MS, and PD assays are all negative. Patients with indeterminate LA testing are recommended to have repeat LA testing after 12 weeks. A total of 3025 cases were identified over the 18-month period (July 2020 – December 2021). The majority of cases were interpreted as NEG (2310; 76%) followed by 8% POS (229), 6% IND (174), and 1% UNL (34). While the majority of IND met the ST (99%) and PD (71%) criteria, only 32% were +MS, indicating failure of an inhibitor detection in the mixing study is the major factor preventing an IND from becoming positive. Within the IND group, only 25% (43) underwent the recommended repeat LA testing. The results of repeated 43 IND tests are as follows: 16 NEG, 4 POS, 19 IND, 3UNL, 1 DI. While a significant proportion of IND repeated testing became negative, a majority remained IND, arguing for more comprehensive LA testing. This quality study demonstrates the majority of patients at this institution who receive an interpretation of IND LA do not undergo the recommended repeat testing, underscoring the importance of follow-up and education to standardize care. Prospective studies maybe needed to elucidate the clinical significance of IND LAs. Additionally, 278 (9%) cases were canceled due to drug interference, the majority (192; 69%) due to direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Testing for LA in patients actively receiving DOACs should be discouraged. Alternatively, methods to remove DOAC interference should be standardized.

The Optimal Dose of the Green Tea and Coffee Extracts to Suppress the Expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α on Differentiated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Obesity is the excess fat content in the body caused by the expansion of white adipose tissue. This condition begins with the differentiation of adipose tissue that is known to be controlled by 2 main transcription factors, such as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT Enhancer-Binding Protein-α (C/EBP-α). Their activation and collaboration are critical for developing functioning adipocytes and preserving metabolic balance in adipose tissue. Research on the benefits of natural bioactive components that regulate adipogenesis has recently become an exciting focus. Foodstuffs reported to affect this condition positively include green coffee and green tea. The primary substance in green coffee is chlorogenic acid (CGA), meanwhile in green tea is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Based on medical benefit potential, the present study evaluated the dose that produced the best effect on PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α expression between single and combined doses compared to undifferentiated adipocytes (3T3-L1). 3T3-L1 were cultured and divided into negative (NEG) and positive (DIF) groups. The DIF group is obtained by induction of differentiation, then divided into seventeen therapeutic doses. At the end of therapy, cells were fixed to measure the expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α using the immunocytochemistry method. The DIF group produced the highest expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α. Among the single-dose group, the lowest PPAR-γ was found in C320 and C/EBP-α in the T320 group. Meanwhile, the dose with the lowest PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α expression was found in the combination of green tea and coffee (TC) 160/80 (p-value = 0.00). The findings of this study showed that a combination of green tea and coffee extracts at doses of 160/80 has the potential for anti-obesity by suppressing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 into adipocytes by reducing the expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α. HIGHLIGHTS Obesity is the excess fat content in the body caused by the expansion of white adipose tissue. This condition begins with the differentiation of adipose tissue that is known to be controlled by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT Enhancer-Binding Protein-α (C/EBP-α) Natural bioactive components that regulate adipogenesis in green coffee are chlorogenic acid (CGA) and epigallocatechin gallate found in green tea (EGCG). Based on this potential, the present study evaluated the dose that produced the best effect on PPARɣ and C/EBP-α protein expression between single and combined doses compared to undifferentiated adipocytes (3T3-L1) Based on this study, the differentiated group of adipocytes (DIF) produced the highest expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α. Among the single dose group, which showed the lowest average value of PPARɣ was C320, and for C/EBP-α was the T320 group. Meanwhile, the dose with the lowest PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α expression came from the combination of green tea and coffee (TC) 160/80 (p-value = 0.00) So, this research shows that green tea and green coffee extract significantly affected the expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α. Green tea and coffee extracts at doses of TC 160/80 have the potential for anti-obesity by suppressing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 into adipocytes by reducing the expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Temporal associations between salivary cortisol and emotions in clinically depressed individuals and matched controls: A dynamic time warp analysis

Depression can be understood as a complex dynamic system where depressive symptoms interact with one another. Cortisol is suggested to play a major role in the pathophysiology of depression, but knowledge on the temporal interplay between cortisol and depressive symptoms is scarce. We aimed to analyze the temporal connectivity between salivary cortisol and momentary affective states in depressed individuals and controls. Thirty pair-matched depressed and non-depressed participants completed questionnaires on momentary positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect and collected saliva three times a day for 30 days. The association between cortisol and affect was analyzed by dynamic time warp (DTW) analyses. These analyses involved lag-1 backward to lag-1 forward undirected analyses and lag-0 and lag-1 forward directed analyses. Large inter- and intra-individual variability in the networks were found. At the group level, with undirected analysis PA and NA were connected in the networks in depressed individuals and in controls. Directed analyses indicated that increases in cortisol preceded specific NA items in controls, but tended to follow upon specific affect items increase in depressed individuals. To conclude, at group level, changes in cortisol levels in individuals diagnosed with a depression may be a result of changes in affect, rather than a cause.

Markers of dental pulp stem cells in in vivo developmental context

Teeth and their associated tissues contain several populations of mesenchymal stem cells, one of which is represented by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). These cells have mainly been characterised in vitro and numerous positive and negati ve markers for these cells have been suggested. To investigate the presence and localization of these molecules during development, forming dental pulp was examined using the mouse first mandibular molar as a model. The stages corresponding to postnatal (P) days 0, 7, 14, and 21 were investigated. The expression was monitored using customised PCR Arrays. Additionally, in situ localization of the key trio of markers (Cd73, Cd90, Cd105 coded by genes Nt5e, Thy1, Eng) was performed at prenatal and postnatal stages using immunohistochemistry. The expression panel of 24 genes assigned as in vitro markers of DPSCs or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) revealed their developmental dynamics during formation of dental pulp mesenchyme. Among the positive markers, Vcam1, Fgf2, Nes were identified as increasing and Cd44, Cd59b, Mcam, Alcam as decreasing between perinatal vs. postnatal stages towards adulthood. Within the panel of negative DPSC markers, Cd14, Itgb2, Ptprc displayed increased and Cd24a decreased levels at later stages of pulp formation. Within the key trio of markers, Nt5e did not show any significant expression difference within the investigated period. Thy1 displayed a strong decrease between P0 and P7 while Eng increased between these stages. In situ localization of Cd73, Cd90 and Cd105 showed them overlap in differentiated odontoblasts and in the sub-odontoblastic layer that is speculated to host odontoblast progenitors. The highly prevalent expression of particularly Cd73 and Cd90 opens the question of potential multiple functions of these molecules. The results from this study add to the in vitro based knowledge by showing dynamics in the expression of DPSC/MSC markers during dental pulp formation in an in vivo context and thus with respect to the natural environment important for commitment of stem cells.

Metacognitive Transmission Between Parents and Children in the Context of Anxiety Disorders.

One in ten children is affected by an anxiety disorder. Current state of research shows that transgenerational transmission as well as positive (POS) and negative (NEG) metacognitive beliefs are relevant in the context of anxiety disorders in youth. We investigated whether transgenerational transmission is also evident in conjunction with POS and NEG and cross-sectionally surveyed POS, NEG, anxiety symptoms and worry in 8-16-year-old children and adolescents with anxiety disorders (n = 71) and non-clinical controls (n = 40) and one of their parents. Our results revealed significant transgenerational correlations for NEG in both samples, and for POS in the non-clinical sample only. Mediation analysis showed that children's NEG did at least partly mediate the relationship between parents' NEG and children's anxiety and worry. Children's and parents' POS did not correlate in either sample with children's anxiety and worry. Further research on the transgenerational transmission of metacognition and longitudinal data is needed.

Value of ultrasound imaging-omics features in the diagnosis of primary nephrotic syndrome

BackgroundPrimary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common autoimmune systemic suppressive disease that, if left untreated, can develop into end-stage renal disease in severe cases, seriously threatening the health of patients. This disease is gradually attracting attention, and ultrasound imaging histology is being tried for PNS as a noninvasive examination method; however, ultrasound imaging histology has not yet seen clinical application in the diagnosis of PNS; therefore, this study investigates the value of ultrasound imaging histological features in the diagnosis of PNS. MethodsA total of 126 PNS patients hospitalized in the Nephrology Department of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2016 to November 2020 were collected in the PNS group, and 11 7 volunteers from the physical examination center were in the normal control group (NC group). The 7:3 stratified sampling was divided into training set (171 cases) and validation set (72 cases), 396 imaging omics parameters of the right kidney ultrasound image were extracted, statistical different parameters were selected after dimension reduction, the prediction model was constructed by Logistics regression, and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the efficacy of PNS. Results 19 imaging omics parameters were obtained in Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, LASSO) after dimension reduction, and the constructed model had good efficacy for predicting PNS. The area under the curve of training set was 0.82, the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.75,0.77,0.78 and 0.73; the validation set was 0.84, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive, and ne gative predictive values were 0.76,0.80,0.72,0.79 and 0.74, respectively. ConclusionThe imaging omics parameters of the right kidney have the potential as non-invasive biological markers for PNS diagnosis, and can provide more accurate imaging basis for the diagnosis and treatment of PNS patients.PNS has a rapid onset and severe symptoms, especially the prevalence and incidence of PNS in children (Alfakeekh et al., 2019; Nephrology Group Pediatric Branch of Chinese Medical Association, 2017). Because the kidneys of PNS patients have no specific signs during routine imaging examination, puncture examination is mostly used clinically to determine the pathological type, but puncture is a traumatic examination and a secondary injury to the kidney, so seeking the noninvasive biological markers of PNS is the focus of current research. Imaging omics is a rapidly developing discipline in recent years. The imaging omics studies on kidney at home and abroad mainly include benign and malignant classification of kidney space, pathological classification of clear cell carcinoma, kidney stone research and so on (Farber et al., 2015; Homayounieh et al., 2021; Ursprung et al., 2020a, 2020b), However, imaging studies based on the kidney itself of nephrotic syndrome are still blank. In this study, the author conducted a retrospective study on the imaging omics analysis of the right kidney of PNS patients, and constructed a predictive model, aiming to provide a new method for the accurate diagnosis of PNS.

Negative interpretation bias connects to real-world daily affect: A multistudy approach.

Negative interpretation bias, the tendency to appraise ambiguous stimuli as threatening, shapes our emotional lives. Various laboratory tasks, which differ in stimuli features and task procedures, can quantify negative interpretation bias. However, it is unknown whether these tasks globally predict individual differences in real-world negative (NA) and positive (PA) affect. Across two studies, we tested whether different lab-based negative interpretation bias tasks predict daily NA and PA, measured via mobile phone across months. To quantify negative interpretation bias, Study 1 (N = 69) used a verbal, self-referential task whereas Study 2 (N = 110) used a perceptual, emotional image task with faces and scenes. Across tasks, negative interpretation bias was linked to heightened daily NA. However, only negative interpretation bias in response to ambiguous faces was related to decreased daily PA. These results illustrate the ecological validity of negative interpretation bias tasks and highlight converging and unique relationships between distinct tasks and naturalistic emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Comprehensive characterization of natural products of Polygonum multiflorum by cheminformatics analysis

IntroductionA growing body of evidence has suggested that Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) may cause PM-herb-induced liver injury (PM-HILI). However, the compounds triggering PM-HILI remain controversial. Herein, we set out to investigate the relationships among natural products of PM (NPPM), drug-induced liver injury (DILI) positive (POS), and negative (NEG) compounds by using cheminformatics methods. MethodsA total of 197 NPPM and 2384 annotated DILI dataset were collected from the literature. Chemical space, physicochemical properties, drug-likeness, intra-set similarity, and scaffold diversity were compared to gain insights into the multiple features of NPPM. An ensemble machine learning (ML) model was constructed to predict the DILI potential of NPPM. Twelve NPPM were selected and tested on HepaRG cells to validate the prediction results. ResultsResults of the principal component analysis suggest that NPPM bears more similarity to NEG in terms of chemical space when compared with POS. Besides, NPPM share a moderate overall scaffold diversity and one-third ingredients in NPPM compiled the drug-like rules. The predictive results of ML model show that 28.9% of the small molecules in NPPM bear DILI potential. Further in vitro study by detecting cytotoxicity of representative compounds on HepaRG cells showed that trans- and cis-emodin-physcion dianthrone exhibited the lowest IC50 values of 53.05 µM and 17.11 µM, respectively. ConclusionML methods and further validation recognize the liver toxicity of dianthonres and emodins. A proportion of NPPM components exhibit drug-likeness profiles and might offer complementary resources for drug discovery. The results demonstrated machine learning-powered DILI prediction as a useful tool to study potential DILI risk of compounds, providing a basis for further identification of toxins or leads in PM. The codes used and generated in this study are freely available at https://github.com/dreadlesss/Polygonum_database_analysis.

Coping strategies predict daily emotional reactivity to stress: An ecological momentary assessment study

BackgroundEmotional reactivity predicts poor health and psychopathology. Despite its theoretical importance, little research has tested whether coping predicts emotional reactivity to stressors. We analyse three studies to test this hypothesis for negative (NA) and positive affect (PA) reactivity to daily stressors. Methods422 Participants (72.5 % females, Mage = 22.79 ± 5.36) came from three longitudinal, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies across 7–15 days (ACES N = 190; DESTRESS N = 134; SHS N = 98). Coping was measured at baseline. NA, PA, and daily stressors were assessed via EMA. Mixed effects linear models tested whether coping predicted NA and PA reactivity, defined as their slope on within- and between-person daily stressors. ResultsBehavioural disengagement and mental disengagement coping predicted greater within-person NA reactivity across all studies (all p < .01, all f2 = 0.01). Denial coping predicted greater within-person NA reactivity in ACES and DESTRESS (both p < .01, f2 from 0.02‐0.03) and between-person in ACES and SHS (both p < .01, f2 from 0.02 to 0.03). For approach-oriented coping, only active planning coping predicted lower within-person NA reactivity and only in DESTRESS (p < .01, f2 = 0.02). Coping did not predict PA reactivity (all p > .05). LimitationsOur findings cannot be generalised to children or older adults. Emotional reactivity to daily stressors may differ from severe or traumatic stressors. Although data were longitudinal, the observational design precludes establishing causality. ConclusionsAvoidance-oriented coping strategies predicted greater NA reactivity to daily stressors with small effect sizes. Few and inconsistent results emerged for approach-oriented coping and PA reactivity. Clinically, our results suggest that reducing reliance on avoidance-oriented coping may reduce NA reactivity to daily stressors.

Associations in time between salivary cortisol and emotions in depressed patients and controls

IntroductionDepression can be understood as a complex dynamic system, where depressive symptoms can directly affect each other. Knowledge on this symptom-symptom interaction is still scarce and is likely to differ between individuals. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often implicated in depression, with hypercortisolism and impaired glucocorticoid receptor-mediated feedback inhibition being commonly reported. High salivary cortisol levels may reflect a reaction to symptoms, or may rather be a cause, effectively ‘binding’ symptoms.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the temporal interplay between salivary cortisol and emotions in depressed patients and controls by using the novel Dynamic Time Warp analysis (DTW) approach.MethodsThe ‘Mood and movement in daily life’ (MOOVD) study consisted of 30 pair-matched (15 depressed and 15 control) participants. Salivary cortisol was collected three times a day for 30 days, resulting in 90 measurements per individual. At the same moments, participants completed questionnaires on an electronic diary, which included different momentary positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect items. The dynamic interplay between salivary cortisol and affect were analyzed by DTW, which extends momentarily associations to include one earlier and one later time point, in both undirected and directed analyses.ResultsIndividual networks differed substantially within groups. At the group level, undirected and directed network analyses showed differences between depressed patients and controls. In undirected analysis, connectivity of PA items was comparable between depressed patients and controls, but the NA items showed a less dense network in depressed patients. Directed DTW analyses indicated (p = 0.07) that increases in salivary cortisol preceded that of some NA items (e.g., tiredness) in controls, but tended to follow upon NA item increase (e.g., not feeling appreciated) in depressed patients.ConclusionsAt the group level, connectiveness between NA items was substantially weaker in depressed patients compared to controls. As in complex systems strong internal connectivity facilitates “critical transitions” to different states, this may reflect (or explain) the persistence of a chronically depressed state. We preliminary conclude that high salivary cortisol in depression may be a consequence of NA, rather than a cause. Replication of these first exploratory findings are needed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Autobiography As Fiction: A Study of Thomas Wolfe’s Look Homeward, Angel and Of Time and the River

Thoma s Wolfe, a n America n novelist of the 1920s a nd 30s, is one of the most misunderstood a nd underestimated writers of his genera tion, His relucta nce to follow the tra ditiona l pa th of the novel or to compete a ga inst any standard but his own has not been taken seriously, Most of Wolfe’s critics have shown an exaggerated concern a bout his life which is revea led in his works. There ha ve been a ttempts to see him in the role of a n a utobiogra pher, a nd often critics ha ve tried to pursue his experiences in the hope of finding their sources. Some critics have recognized him a s a n a rtist, but they do not a cknowledge the significa nce of his experiences. His experiencesa re significa nt,a nd so is his a rt. A brillia nt picture of life emerges in his novels a s we rela te one to the other. His novels a rouse strong rea ctions -both positive a nd nega tive, but they rema in true to life. His ea rlier works Look, Homewa rd Angel, a nd Of Time a nd the River a re more a utobiogra phica l tha n the others. At this sta ge, Wolfe wa s still trying to ha rness his intense emotions while tra nsforming them into a rt. Hence the ma turity we see in the la ter novels is missing in the ea rlier ones. And yet we ca nnot but be surprised by the fla shes of brillia nce in his works tha t not only dema nd a pprecia tion from critics a nd the public but a lso inspireschola rs like me to delve deeper into his works for a better understa nding of his life a nd a rt.

Serological detection of adenovirus infection by ELISA in Fallujah city

Adenovirus represent the most common cause of respiratory system disorders and antibody detection can speed up and improve the sensitivity of hAdV diagnosis. Method: This study includes 90 patient who suffering from respiratory symptoms , common colds , or diarrhea with high temperature their ages range from newborn to elderly which collected from Fallujah Maternity and Children's Hospital and teaching hospital in Fallujah in Anbar governorate, for the period from November to May 1-11-2021 to 1-5-2022. Adenovirus was detected by ELISA Test for serum. Results: Out of total 90 serum sample there were 22(24.4%), 68(75.6%) Negative and positive result respectively, from IgG and 87(96.7%) ,3(3.3%) Ne gative and positive result respectively from IgM Result. Conclusion: The presence of positive IgM in ELISA cannot be relied upon as a tool for diagnosing early or acute infections with the virus.