Temperature Coefficient Research Articles

Hot or Cold? Adaptive Temperature Sampling for Code Generation with Large Language Models

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in code generation. However, existing LLMs' decoding strategies are designed for Natural Language (NL) generation, overlooking the differences between NL and programming languages (PL). Due to this oversight, a better decoding strategy for code generation remains an open question. In this paper, we conduct the first systematic study to explore a decoding strategy specialized in code generation. With an analysis of loss distributions of code tokens, we find that code tokens can be divided into two categories: challenging tokens that are difficult to predict and confident tokens that can be easily inferred. Among them, the challenging tokens mainly appear at the beginning of a code block. Inspired by the above findings, we propose a simple yet effective method: Adaptive Temperature (AdapT) sampling, which dynamically adjusts the temperature coefficient when decoding different tokens. We apply a larger temperature when sampling for challenging tokens, allowing LLMs to explore diverse choices. We employ a smaller temperature for confident tokens avoiding the influence of tail randomness noises. We apply AdapT sampling to LLMs with different sizes and conduct evaluations on two popular datasets. Results show that AdapT sampling significantly outperforms state-of-the-art decoding strategy.

Negative Temperature Coefficient Properties of Natural Clinoptilolite

Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials are usually based on ceramic semiconductors, and electrons are involved in their transport mechanism. A new type of NTC material, adequate for alternating current (AC) applications, is represented by zeolites. Indeed, zeolites are single charge carrier ionic conductors with a temperature-dependent electrical conductivity. In particular, electrical transport in zeolites is due to the monovalent charge-balancing cations, like K+, capable of hopping between negatively charged sites in the aluminosilicate framework. Owing to the highly non-linear electrical behavior of the traditional electronic NTC materials, the possibility to have alternative types of materials, showing linearity in their electrical behavior, is very desirable. Among different zeolites, natural clinoptilolite has been selected for investigating NTC behavior since it is characterized by high zeolite content, a convenient Si/Al atomic ratio, good mechanical strength due to its compact microstructure, and low toxicity. Clinoptilolite has shown a rapid and quite reversible impedance change under heating, characterized by a linear dependence on temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to identify the natural zeolite, to establish all types of crystalline phases present in the mineral, and to investigate the thermal stability of these phases up to 150 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was used for the chemical characterization of this natural clinoptilolite sample, providing important information on the cationic content and framework composition. In addition, since electrical transport takes place in the zeolite free-volume, a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis of the mineral has also been performed.

Intense thermal shock generators made of micron-thick SnO2 layers for the on-chip rapid thermal processing in air

Thermal shock-resistant heaters are essential in various electronic devices, including chemical sensors and pyroelectric electron emitters. The advent of ultrafast high-temperature sintering and shock synthesis of nanomaterials has increased the demand for air-operating high-rate joule heaters. Moreover, incorporating such heaters at the chip level would revolutionize current rapid thermal processing methods in semiconductor technology. Here, transparent micron-thick SnO2 resistors are grown by spray pyrolysis on alumina, silica, and oxidized silicon chips and used as thermal shock-resistant air-operating heaters. These heaters can generate repeated heating cycles at rates of 15,000 °C/s up to 900 °C/s. Tin is a group IV element and its impact on Si- and SiO2-based devices is minimal making the presented device silicon compatible. The superior performance of the presented heaters is attributed to the tin oxide’s unique combination of physicochemical properties including high-temperature chemical stability in oxidizing atmospheres, suitable intrinsic conductivity, and optimal negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The application of the SnO2 heaters for the rapid on-chip high-temperature oxidation and sintering of low-melting-point metal thin films, while preserving the metal layer’s nanotexture, is demonstrated.

Synergistic effect of positive temperature coefficient and thermally conductive micro‐nano fillers on electrical and thermal properties of epoxy resin

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) fillers, i.e., barium strontium titanate (BST‐60) and nano hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) fillers, on thermal and dielectric insulation properties of epoxy (EP). The electrical resistivity, DC breakdown strength, space charge, thermal conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of EP composites were measured. Results indicate that, below curie temperature, the EP composites containing 0.5 and 1 wt% of BST and 5 wt% of h‐BN have superior electrical resistivity, breakdown strength, and thermal conductivity. However, above curie temperature, the EP composites containing 2 and 2.5 wt% of BST and 5 wt% of h‐BN have superior insulation properties than the pure EP and other composites. While the thermal properties of EP improve with an increase in h‐BN loading to 10 wt%, its dielectric properties are slightly compromised due to the presence of tiny defects in the composite material. It is hypothesized that the BST‐60 suppresses the negative temperature coefficient effect (NTC) of EP by regulating the electrical resistivity above the curie point, whereas nano h‐BN enhances the thermal conductivity of EP by constructing a heat dissipation path. The proposed mechanism for charge dynamics along with heat conduction‐dissipation explains the fillers' behavior at different temperatures.Highlights Analysis of epoxy composites with polydopamine‐modified BST and h‐BN fillers. PTC fillers are used to mitigate the negative temperature effect of epoxy. Optimal fillers wt% improves dielectric and thermal properties. This study shows that optimized epoxy composites can be used for packaging.

Investigation of a green nanofluid added with graphene and Al2O3 nano-additives for grinding hard-to-cut materials

This study investigates Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication (NMQL) efficiency in grinding hard-to-cut materials by incorporating graphene and Al2O3 nano-additives into oleic acid-based nanofluids. Varied concentrations and ratios were examined, analyzing thermal conductivity, viscosity, and contact angle. NMQL assessment covered grinding force, specific grinding energy, temperature, surface quality, wear rate, and friction coefficient. Hybrid nanofluids displayed superior lubrication. At 1 wt% nano additives concentration, minimum specific grinding energies, friction coefficients, and friction test temperature increments were reduced by 73.92 %, 46.57 %, and 65.69 %, respectively in comparison with dry conditions. Optimal surface quality for ZrO2 and Ti-6Al-4V workpieces emerged at 2 wt% and 3 wt% nano additives concentrations, reducing surface roughness by 60.53 % and 48.66 %, respectively compared to dry cutting.

Conceptual design and feasibility analysis of a heat pipe cooled cermet fuel space nuclear reactor for mars surface application

The compact, safe, light-weight and highly reliable Space Nuclear Reactor (SNR) with heat pipe cooling is an excellent candidate for the potential needs of Mars surface applications. This work proposed a heat pipe reactor concept design which can provide 1 MWth power for more than 8 years. Reactivity control is accomplished by 6 rotating control drums. Cermet fuel with dispersion granules characteristics adopted in this design is processed into prismatic-type tube-in-duct (TID) and composed of Mo-14 wt%Re matrix and highly enriched uranium nitride (UN) granules. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous models of Cermet fuel are evaluated by OpenMC code, indicating an extreme weak resonance self-shielding effect. Neutronics characteristics such as the effective multiplication factor, burnup depth, fuel temperature coefficient, neutron spectrum, reactivity control, neutron flux and power distribution are obtained. Drum stuck accidents and submersion criticality accidents are also analyzed. The designed reactor achieves a shutdown depth of −1521 pcm in the worst launch or reentry accident scenario considered without relying on the reactivity control device. The arrangement forms and content of Spectral Shift Absorber (SSAs) that affect the safety worth are also analyzed. Furthermore, thermal analysis is performed by Fluent and the maximum temperature is lower than 1570K during normal operation. The maximum temperature reaches 1805K and core has sufficient margin to respond to a single point failure of the heat pipe. Overall, the scheme preliminarily satisfies neutronics, thermal and safety requirements.

A high-sensitive anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor based on hybrid Ta/NiFe/Ta/Al multilayer structure

High sensitivity is crucial for anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors in industrial applications. In this paper, a high- sensitive AMR sensor based on magnetoresistive thin films with Ta/NiFe/Ta/Al four-layer structure is proposed and fabricated. Firstly, the structural parameters were optimized by finite element analysis. Secondly, thin film samples and AMR sensors were prepared. Through the analysis and characterization of reluctance change rate, hysteresis loop, x-ray diffraction and surface morphology and structure, the process parameters were optimized. Finally, the sensor was connected to the designed external circuit, and its technical parameters were tested in a magnetic field test system. The results show that the prepared AMR sensor performs well. It has a high sensitivity of 1.27 mV/V/Oe, a low bridge offset voltage of ±1.64 mV V−1, and a low temperature coefficient of sensitivity of −0.102%/°C. The results contribute to the future development of AMR magnetic field sensor chips.

Advancements in Uncooled Bolometer Technology: Shortwave Infrared Detection via CuFeSe2 Nanocrystal Colloidal Thin Films

Microbolometers have emerged as a cost‐effective alternative to cooled infrared photon detectors, albeit with certain trade‐offs in terms of responsivity (), detectivity (), and response time (). The research in this field is driven by the potential applications in night vision devices, military surveillance, and autonomous vehicles, leading to a growing interest in exploring new materials to bridge the performance gap between cooled photon detectors and uncooled bolometers. This study focuses on the optoelectronic and bolometric characteristics of nanocrystals (NCs) in a colloidal solution. These NCs exhibit a significant change in resistivity (ρ) when subjected to temperature variations ranging from 170 to 400 K. Specifically, the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), α, is 1.9% per Kelvin for a room temperature resistivity of 505 Ω cm. Furthermore, the responsivity of NCs is reported to be 0.101 A W−1, and the Hall mobility of the colloidal solution is determined as . Finally, a comprehensive comparison is conducted between the performance metrics of established bolometer materials, such as VOx and a‐Si, and those of colloidal NCs. Based on the results, colloidal NCs are a promising option for future bolometer technology.

Heat of Hydration Analysis and Temperature Field Distribution Study for Super-Long Mass Concrete

In this study, the combination of ordinary cement concrete (OCC) and shrinkage-compensating concrete (SCC) was utilized to pour super-long mass concrete. The temperature and strain of the concrete were continuously monitored and managed actively after pouring. The investigation focused on the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of the temperature field, the temperature difference between the core and surface, and the strain evolution. Based on the constructed hydration exothermic model of layered poured concrete, the effects of the SCC, molding temperature, and surface heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field were analyzed. The results show that the temperature of super-long mass concrete rises quickly but falls slowly. SCC exhibits higher total hydration heat than OCC. The temperature field is symmetric along the length but asymmetric along the thickness due to varying efficiency of heat dissipation between the upper and lower parts of the concrete. After final setting of the concrete, the strain varies opposite to the temperature and peaks at −278 με. A few short cracks are observed on the end of the upper surface. Moreover, the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results. Increasing the molding temperature and surface wind speed increases the temperature difference between the core and surface. Conversely, increasing the thickness of the insulation layer is an effective way to curtail this difference. Thermal stress analysis is carried out and shows that lowering the molding temperature of SCC and increasing the thickness of insulation material can effectively reduce thermal stress.

Oxysulfide perovskites: reduction of the electronic band gap of RbTaO3 by sulfur substitution

In this study, the effects of sulfur substitution on the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of RbTaO3−x S x have been investigated using the WIEN2k code in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The cubic phase of RbTaO3 transforms to tetragonal for RbTaO2S and RbTaOS2; the latter transforms again to a cubic phase with added sulfur for RbTaS3. The results show that substituting S for O anions in RbTaO3 effectively decreased the band gap [calculated using TB-mBJ functional] from 2.717 eV to 1.438 eV, 0.286 eV, and 0.103 eV for the RbTaO3, RbTaO2S, RbTaOS2, and RbTaS3 compounds, respectively. The optical constants such as dielectric constant, refractive index, absorption coefficient, photoconductivity, reflectivity, and loss function have been calculated and analyzed. The elastic constants and moduli and their anisotropic nature were also investigated. Finally, the Debye temperature, thermal conductivity, melting temperature, specific capacities, and thermal expansion coefficients were computed and analyzed using established formalisms. The reduced band gap (1.438 eV) and high absorption coefficient (∼106 cm−1) of RbTaO2S, make it suitable for solar cell applications and for other visible light devices. Both ordered structure and super-cell have been used to cross-check results for RbTaO2S and RbTaOS2 compositions.

TRPA5 encodes a thermosensitive ankyrin ion channel receptor in a triatomine insect

As ectotherms, insects need heat-sensitive receptors to monitor environmental temperatures and facilitate thermoregulation. We show that TRPA5, a class of ankyrin transient receptor potential (TRP) channels absent in dipteran genomes, may function as insect heat receptors. In the triatomine bug Rhodnius prolixus (order: Hemiptera), a vector of Chagas disease, the channel RpTRPA5B displays a uniquely high thermosensitivity, with biophysical determinants including a large channel activation enthalpy change (72kcal/mol), a high temperature coefficient (Q10= 25), and invitro temperature-induced currents from 53°C to 68°C (T0.5= 58.6°C), similar to noxious TRPV receptors in mammals. Monomeric and tetrameric ion channel structure predictions show reliable parallels with fruit fly dTRPA1, with structural uniqueness in ankyrin repeat domains, the channel selectivity filter, and potential TRP functional modulator regions. Overall, the finding of a member of TRPA5 as a temperature-activated receptor illustrates the diversity of insect molecular heat detectors.

Role of ilmenite particles on high temperature wear behavior and coefficient of friction of LM30 aluminium alloy composites

In this study, experimental approach involves material preparation via stir casting, extensive testing, and characterization. Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis reveal the uniform distribution of ilmenite particles within the alloy matrix and the formation of intermetallic phases. The thermal characteristics analysis demonstrates reduced 29 % coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the composites, in the case of 15 wt% fine ilmenite particles reinforced composite. Hardness tests improvements in hardness, with the 15 wt% (32–50 μm) ilmenite Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (AMC) exhibiting a 69% increase over the base alloy. Wear testing at various temperatures and loads showed the superior wear resistance of the composites compared to the base alloy, with the C3-15 composite outperforming cast iron typically used in brake drums. The wear rate of LM30 and LM30 + 15 wt% ilmenite (32–50 μm) (C3-15) sample is 38.8671 x 10−4 mm3/m and 10.50768 x 10−4 mm3/m at 200 °C and 68.67 N applied load, respectively. The coefficient of friction analysis further supports the enhanced performance of the composites. The coefficient of friction (COF) of LM30 + 15 wt% ilmenite (32–50 μm) (C3-15) is 0.29898, 0.47645 at 9.81 N and 68.67 N load, respectively measured at a temperature of 200 °C. Examining worn surfaces and debris provides insights into the wear mechanisms, including adhesion and abrasive wear. Overall, this research suggests the potential suitability of ilmenite-reinforced LM30 alloys as alternatives to traditional brake drum materials, offering improved thermal stability and wear resistance.

Theoretical simulation of pre-sintering effect and improvement of electrical transport properties of La0.7Ca0.18Sr0.12MnO3 film prepared by spin coating method

Perovskite manganites Lax(Ca1-ySry)1-xMnO3 have drawn the plentiful attention owing to their distinctive physical properties. Their unique properties make them an ideal candidate for high-sensitivity and uncooled bolometric applications. Optimized La0.7Ca0.18Sr0.12MnO3 (LCSMO) films were grown on (00l) LaAlO3 substrate at different pre-sintering temperature (Tps) via sol–gel spin coating method. According to the test results of microstructure, internal strain, Mn ion valences and surface morphology, electrical transport properties are restricted by MnO6 octahedron distortion and film crystallinity affected by the change in Tps. The microstructure growth was improved and the surface morphology tended to grow in a cross-like structure with high crystallinity by optimizing Tps. Double exchange mechanism and internal strain were enhanced with the increase in Tps. Thereby, due to the enlarging MnOMn bond angle and enhancing MnO covalency, the temperature (Tk) corresponding to temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) was increased gradually as Tps increased. The TCR value of LCSMO film reached a maximum value (10.82 %/K) and Tk reached room temperature (302.03 K) at Tps = 1123 K. The theoretical foundation of the pre-sintering effect has been supplemented, helping to understand the influence of pre-sintering on film growth and electrical transport properties.

Flexible and freestanding temperature sensors based on laser carbonization of carbon nanofibers

A new single-step, low-cost method for producing a wearable, flexible temperature sensor has been developed using laser writing technology. The process involves carbonizing and patterning polymeric nanofibers to create a standalone laser-carbonized nanofibers (LCNFs) substrate. A large-area polyacrylonitrile nanofibers mat is first prepared using electrospinning and then carbonized with a high-power CO2 laser beam. The resulting LCNFs are highly conductive and retain their fibrous structure. The near-complete disappearance of polyacrylonitrile peaks in the FTIR measurements and the high-intensity characteristic peaks of carbon materials obtained in the Raman scattering measurements of the LCNFs confirm their complete carbonization. SEM microscopy showed that the fibrous structure of the LCNFs remained intact after the laser carbonization process with no significant damage. Additionally, TEM microscopy revealed that the LCNFs are made up of axially ordered graphene sheets, which form their unique fibrous structure. LCNFs' temperature sensor exhibits >87% higher temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) than laser-induced graphene (LIG) temperature sensor on a polyamide substrate when tested under the same experimental conditions. The LCNFs sensor also boasts excellent resistance stability, mechanical stability, and flexibility. To fit various wearable applications and enhance the temperature-sensing capabilities, three different sensor patterns of LCNFs were created: square, serpentine, and heater. Among these patterns, the heater design exhibited superior TCR and temperature response. However, it also had a higher thermal mass compared to the other patterns.

Structure evolution and τf influence mechanism of Bi1–xHoxVO4 microwave dielectric ceramics for LTCC applications

Bi1–xHoxVO4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction method, and all the ceramics could be well densified in the 920–980 °C range. The ceramics with 0.1 ≤ x < 0.4 were composed of both monoclinic scheelite (M) and tetragonal zircon (T) phases, and a single M phase could be obtained in the range of x ≥ 0.4. The measured εr decreased from 58.9 (x = 0.1) to 14.7 (x = 0.9), so do the calculated values (εr(C−M) = 34.3–12.1), and the main reason for εr > εr(C−M) was the rattling of Ho3+ in the dodecahedron. Two points with zero τf appeared in Bi1–xHoxVO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ceramics, and the best microwave dielectric properties with εr = 16.6, Q × f = 18,400 GHz (f = 10.69 GHz), and τf = +3.29 ppm/°C were obtained in the Bi0.2Ho0.8VO4 ceramic. The change in temperature coefficient of ionic polarizability (ταm) caused by the rattling effect of cations is the physical essence that affects τf. Therefore, the rattling effect can be used as an effective mechanism to regulate τf in low-εr materials. Furthermore, there was no chemical reaction between Bi1–xHoxVO4 and Ag electrode, which indicates potential applications in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology.

Improving the environmental temperature adaptability of an electric temperature measurement subsystem by matching temperature coefficients of substitutable resistors

The electrical temperature measurement subsystem in space gravitational wave detectors requires micro-Kelvin precision in the submillihertz band. However, the low-frequency stability of the measurement circuit, excluding the sensor, is susceptible to environmental temperature fluctuations, closely related to the residual temperature coefficient of the circuit. This paper proposes a method to minimize the residual temperature coefficient for a thermistor-based temperature measurement , enabling the circuit to be mounted on surfaces with less stringent thermal stability requirements. Through extensive testing of resistors with the same nominal resistance, a best-matched pair is selected to compensate for the residual temperature coefficient by replacing two gain resistors in the low-pass filter. Our assessment demonstrates that this matching and replacement process reduces the residual temperature coefficient of the circuit from −0.135 mV K−1 to −0.027 mV K−1, resulting in a significant five-fold improvement in the subsystem’s adaptability to environmental temperatures within the specified frequency band. This method contributes to the development of measurement subsystems that meet stringent stability requirements.

Thermal Cracking and Friction Performance of Two Kinds of Compacted Graphite Iron Brake Discs under Intensive Braking Conditions

The limited thermal conductivity of compacted graphite iron constrains its application in brake discs. The matrix plays a crucial role in balancing the thermal conductivity and mechanical performance of compacted graphite iron. Therefore, two kinds of compacted graphite brake discs with different ferrite proportions were utilized to investigate their thermal cracking and friction performance under intensive braking conditions based on inertia friction tests. The variations in peak temperature, pressure load and friction coefficient stability were also analyzed. The brake disc with a higher ferrite proportion exhibited a lower peak temperature, attributed to increased thermal conductivity. Moreover, the elevated content of soft ferrite resulted in a greater furrow height on the worn surface, contributing to an increase in friction force and stability. As a result, both the input pressure and mechanical stress decreased. It was observed that the compacted graphite iron brake disc with a higher ferrite proportion exhibited fewer thermal cracks without compromising wear resistance. Furthermore, the results suggest that lowering the disc temperature to 210 °C–250 °C can mitigate fatigue wear and matrix oxidation, hindering the propagation of thermal cracks.

Changing the Ca2+ ion ratio to modulate the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of La1-xCaxMnO3 films prepared by the sol-gel spin coating method

Perovskite manganese oxides are highly desirable for infrared acquisition owing to their characteristics of ferromagnetic metal-paramagnetic insulators. In this work, the sol-gel spin-coating technique was employed to prepare La1-xCaxMnO3 (LCMO) films with varying Ca2+ content (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) on the (l00) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates. In comparison to previous studies, the pre-sintering temperature, final sintering temperature, and final sintering period were modified. The crystal structure, surface topography, elemental valence states, and electrical transport performance of the LCMO films were characterized and analyzed as well. The results demonstrated that the diffraction peaks of the above films were aligned with those of the LAO single-crystal substrate. The change in Ca2+ content caused an increase in the Mn–O bond length, the amount of Mn4+, and the Mn–O–Mn angle in LCMO films, promoting the double exchange effect. These modifications had a considerable impact on the resistivity of LCMO films, increasing their TCR value. The maximum TCR of 22.92% K−1 was reached at x = 0.3 and peak TCR temperature (Tk) of 241.93 K. Therefore, the film has great application potential for infrared bolometers.

The critical anti-icing power study of the stayed-cable cylindrical structure based on positive temperature coefficient (PTC) electrothermal film with low Curie temperature

The low temperature and high humidity regions are prone to freezing rain during winter, causing the formation of icicles on the surface of the stayed-cable cylindrical structure. When dislodged by gravity and wind, these icicles may fall and significantly impede the normal movement of vehicles, posing a danger to pedestrians. In this paper, a new organic positive temperature coefficient (PTC) electrothermal film with a Curie temperature of 1 °C is developed by mixing 107 methyl room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, acetylene black and n-tetradecane through continuous stirring. Subsequently, a numerical simulation of the anti-icing model for the stayed-cable cylindrical structure is established based on the resistivity-temperature characteristics of the new organic PTC electrothermal film. The analysis include variations in the critical anti-icing power of the stayed-cable cylindrical structure with different diameters, horizontal angles, wind speeds and environmental temperatures are analyzed. Finally, the anti-icing experiments are conducted under natural conditions using the stayed-cable cylindrical structure covered with the PTC electrothermal film. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with the natural experimental results, showing a relative error within 3%. This indicates that the anti-icing model of the stayed-cable cylindrical structure is appropriate. The findings of this work provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the subsequent design of an anti-icing device on the basis of PTC electrothermal film.

Ti3C2Tx MXene-based all-resistive dual-mode sensor with near-zero temperature coefficient of resistance for crosstalk-free pressure and temperature detections

All-resistive pressure and temperature dual-mode sensors are always a focus of attention in the field of flexible tactile sensing due to the lack of need for complex readout systems. However, the intrinsic temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the active material greatly limits crosstalk-free detection of pressure. Herein, a near-zero TCR of −2.1 × 10−3% °C−1 has been achieved from a simple sandwich structure with a Ti3C2Tx MXene film printed on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate and encapsulated by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. The mechanism is explained by the combination of PDMS thermal expansion and the negative TCR of MXene, which is certified by the simulations of their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. In addition, a silver film is printed on the PDMS surface in contact with MXene film to form a temperature-independent pressure sensor based on two-phase contact mechanism with different conductivities. Moreover, a pressure-independent temperature sensor is constructed by opening a square hole in the PDMS encapsulated above another MXene film. Given their independent structures, the dual-mode sensing units are flexibly expandable on the same substrate to suit various application scenarios. For example, they are integrated into a glove to detect pressure and temperature without crosstalk in multiple states. Owing to the exceptional crosstalk-free detection and expandability, the sensor developed in this work hold immense promise for multifunctional tactile sensing.