Negative Stories Research Articles

Language-emotion interaction modulates selective attention to a speaker’s eyes and mouth: evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals

ABSTRACT Speech listeners focus on a speaker's face to acquire different information in social communication. Fixation on the mouth associates with language processing and attention to the eyes is mainly driven by social/emotional cues. Here, we investigated how selective attention to the eyes and mouth would vary with language-emotion interaction during speech processing when unbalanced Chinese-English bilinguals [Chinese, the first language (L1); English, a later-learned language (LX) of upper-intermediate proficiency] viewed a speaker narrating stories of different valence in their L1 and LX. Results showed that when listening to negative stories in Chinese relative to English, bilinguals attended to the eyes more, indicating that LX emotionality is weaker than that in L1, reducing gaze to the eyes where human adults primarily seek for emotional cues. In Chinese, compared with neutral speech, both positive and negative stories increased mouth attention and this effect was not observed in English, suggesting a particularly important role of the mouth in processing emotional information in speech and confirming emotionality reduction in LX. Our study reveals for the first time how linguistic and emotional cues integrated in speech alters attention allocation on speakers’ face to facilitate both speech comprehension and emotional perception in social communication.

Effects of the previous visitation, contact and relationship quality of divorced parents on the future intention of visitations among adolescents: A test of the mediating effect of father-adolescent intimacy

연구목적: 본 연구는 이혼한 모자한부모가족 내 비양육부와의 만남과 연락, 이혼부모 간관계가 청소년 자녀의 향후 면접교섭 의향에 미치는 영향에서 비양육부와 자녀 간 친밀감의매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 통해 자녀의 향후 면접교섭 의향에 미치는 요인을 탐색하고, 아동의 권리보장을 위해 고려할 점을 제안하였다. 방법: 2021년 수도권에 거주하는 모자한부모가족 11-19세 청소년 171명을 대상으로 온라인설문조사를 통해 수집한 자료를 사용하였으며, STATA와 M-plus를 활용하여 기술통계분석, 경로분석과 부트스트랩핑을 실시하였다. 결과: 지난 6개월 동안 비양육부와 청소년이 만난 경우, 그리고 자주 연락했을수록 비양육부에 대한 자녀의 친밀감은 각각 높았다. 비양육부에 대한 친밀감이 높을수록 향후 청소년의 면접교섭 의향도 증가하였다. 이혼부모 간 관계가 좋다고 청소년이 생각할수록 비양육부에게 친밀감이 높았으며, 향후 면접교섭 의향이 증가하였다. 부트스트랩핑 검증 결과, 비양육부에 대한 친밀감은 비양육부와의 만남 또는 연락이 향후 청소년의 면접교섭 의향에미치는 영향을 모두 유의하게 매개하였다. 또한 이혼부모 간 관계도 비양육부에 대한 청소년의 친밀감을 매개하여 향후 면접교섭 의향에 유의한 간접효과를 나타냈다. 결론: 비양육부모는 자녀에게 먼저 전화, 문자와 카카오톡으로 연락하면서 소통하고 친밀감을 쌓은 이후, 자녀의 면접교섭 의향이 생긴 것을 확인하고 만나야 할 것이다. 양육부모는자녀 앞에서 비양육부모와 관련된 좋지 않은 관계와 부정적인 이야기를 자제하여, 자녀가심리적인 부담 없이 면접교섭 할 수 있도록 상황을 조성해야 할 것이다.Objectives: This study verified the mediating effect of father-adolescent intimacy within the effect of previous visitation and contact with non-custodial fathers and the relationship quality of divorced parents on the future intention of visitations of adolescents in divorced single-parent families. The study attempted to explore the contexts and factors that affect adolescents' future intentions to visit, which should be considered important for guaranteeing children's rights. Methods: Data collected through online surveys were used for 171 adolescents aged 11-19 living in a metropolitan area in Korea in 2021, and a descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and bootstrapping were conducted using STATA and M-plus. Results: Regarding previous visitation, and the higher the frequency of contact over the past six months, the higher the father-adolescent intimacy. The higher the father-adolescent intimacy was, the higher the adolescents’ future intention to visit also was. The higher the relationship quality of the divorced parents, the higher the father-adolescent intimacy and the higher the adolescents’ future intention to visit. As a result of the bootstrapping, father– adolescent intimacy significantly mediated the both the effects of meeting and contact with the non-custodial father on the future intention to visit. In addition, the relationship between divorced parents also showed a significant indirect effect on future visitation intentions by mediating father-adolescent intimacy. Conclusions: Non-custodial parents should first contact their children by phone, text, and by Kakaotalk to communicate and build intimacy, and then confirm and reciprocate their children's intention to visit. Custodial parents should refrain speaking about poor relationships and conveying negative stories related to non-parenting parents in front of their children so that their children can meet non-custodial parents without any psychological burden.

Print media coverage of breastfeeding in Great Britain: Positive or negative?

Media can be a powerful communication tool to promote breastfeeding, influence mothers' breastfeeding behaviour, create positive social normsand generate support among stakeholders and policymakers for breastfeeding. However, negative stories could deter women from starting or continuing to breastfeed. This study aimed to describe the breadth and focus of the media coverage of breastfeeding and the message frames that are found in three of the most widely read national newspapers and three popular women's magazines in Great Britain over a 12-month period, as part of the Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly in Great Britain (BBF-GB) study. For this retrospective media analysis, 77 articles were identified and 42 were included in the study for coding and analysis. We conducted two content analyses to examine the articles' (1) message framing and (2) alignment with the eight components of an 'enabling breastfeeding environment' using the BBF Gear framework. Articles featuring breastfeeding appear in British newspapers and women's magazines all year round. Twenty-four per centhad a neutral tone, while 59% predominantly focused on the positive aspects or positive social support for breastfeeding, and 17% were predominantly focused on the negative aspects or negative social attitudes towards breastfeeding. The articles mainly focused on personal stories reflecting societal barriers and positive shifts (68%), with 12% presenting an analysis of breastfeeding evidence or barriers. There were fewer references to the legislation (5%) and availability of funding (2%) and support (9%). There was no coverage of national coordination and strategy, evaluation systems, or the political will to raise breastfeeding rates.

The role of mentalizing capacity and ecological language diversity on irony comprehension in bilingual adults.

Diverse bilingual experiences have implications for language comprehension, including pragmatic elements such as verbal irony. Irony comprehension is shaped by an interplay of linguistic, cognitive, and social factors, including individual differences in bilingual experience. We examined the relationship between individual differences related to bilingualism, specifically, the capacity to understand others’ mental states and ambient exposure to language diversity, on irony comprehension. We tested 54 healthy bilingual adults, living in a linguistically diverse region—Montréal, Canada—on an irony comprehension task. This task involved reading positive and negative short stories that concluded with an ironic or literal statement, which were rated on appropriateness and perceived irony. While both irony forms were rated as less appropriate and more ironic than literal statements, ironic criticisms (following a negative context) were rated as more appropriate and higher in perceived irony than ironic compliments (following a positive context). As expected, these ratings varied as a function of individual differences in mentalizing and neighborhood language diversity. Greater mentalizing patterned with more appropriate ratings to ironic statements in high language diversity neighborhoods and with less appropriate ratings to ironic statements in low language diversity neighborhoods. Perceived irony ratings to ironic compliments increased with mentalizing as neighborhood language diversity increased. These results indicate that pragmatic language comprehension and its social cognitive underpinnings may be environmentally contextualized processes.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13421-022-01349-4.

Aboriginal peoples’ perspectives about COVID-19 vaccines and motivations to seek vaccination: a qualitative study

IntroductionAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people compared with non-Aboriginal people in Australia have higher rates of chronic conditions. These conditions increase the risk of poorer health outcomes if infected...

Publicity about Athlete Endorsers Affects Responses to Ads via Motivational Activation

Abstract: This research addresses how positive and negative publicity about athlete endorsers influences motivational mechanisms (appetitive and aversive) underlying cognitive and affective processing and evaluation to ads. Participants viewed an ad for a soft drink brand that featured an athlete endorser while psychophysiological measures of cognition, emotion, and arousal were collected. Each ad was preceded by a news story that contained either positive or negative information about the athlete’s off-field behavior. Results indicate that cognition and arousal were enhanced in response to ads paired with negative news stories compared to ads paired with positive news stories. Findings suggest that aversive motivational activation elicited by the negative news stories transfers to processing and evaluation of the ads.

Embodying Difference: Iranian Women’s Working Life Experiences in Norway

ABSTRACT With reference to postcolonial intersectional scholarship, this article examines working life narratives of Iranian immigrant women before and after migration to Norway in relation to questions of equality along gender and racial lines. This interview-based study asks, ‘How do Iranian immigrant women who have resettled in Norway narrate their work experiences in their home and host countries, and how does this inform us about processes of othering and discrimination in both contexts?’ To what extent these othering processes can be understood in terms of the intersectional dimensions of gender and race. The study shows that although the move from a state considered repressive to one considered a model of gender equality entails positive experiences at work along gendered lines, these positive experiences are often encountered by the processes of racial and ethnic sorting, thus leading to distress and alienation. Accordingly, the interviews show a nuanced picture of working life in both countries, with both positive and negative stories of work in each context. Overall, the paper addresses a need to move beyond reductionist interpretations of migration that portrays immigration to the West as an unproblematic journey towards a better life in the accounts of immigrants coming from the East.

Decision Support System for Measuring the User Sentiment towards Different COVID-19 Vaccines

It's been a long time since the (COVID-19) engulfed the entire planet, upsetting normal schedules, destroying economies, and killing millions of people all over the world. The pandemic brought the entire world together in an endeavorto discover a cure and promote inoculation. The first round of vaccines began near the end of 2020, contrary to popular belief, and various nations began the inoculation drive very quickly while others keptit together fully expecting an effective preliminary. Web-based media is blockedwith a wide scope of both positive and negative stories in the developing Covid conditions. Numerous individuals were anticipating the vaccination, while others were mindful about the side effects and the fear-inspirednotions bringing about mixed emotions. This article performs sentiment analysis, which will be utilized in a choice emotionally supportive network in discovering the viability of COVID-19 vaccines among various nations.We have trained deep long short-term memory (LSTM) models to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy in estimating sentiment polarity and emotional state from extracted tweets.Theproposed technique decides public sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccines assisting the healthcare authorities with breaking down their reaction. The results show the mentality of individuals towards various vaccine brands as for their various responses to the Covid-19 vaccines.

Exposure to Negative News Stories About Vaping, and Harm Perceptions of Vaping, Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States Before and After the Outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury ('EVALI').

IntroductionLittle is known about the international impact of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (‘EVALI’) on youth perceptions of vaping harms.MethodsRepeat cross-sectional online surveys of youth aged 16–19 years in England, Canada, and the United States before (2017, 2018), during (2019 August/September), and after (2020 February/March, 2020 August) the ‘EVALI’ outbreak (N = 63380). Logistic regressions assessed trends, country differences, and associations between exposure to negative news stories about vaping and vaping harm perceptions.ResultsExposure to negative news stories increased between 2017 and February–March 2020 in England (12.6% to 34.2%), Canada (16.7% to 56.9%), and the United States (18.0% to 64.6%), accelerating during (2019) and immediately after (February–March 2020) the outbreak (p < .001) before returning to 2019 levels by August 2020. Similarly, the accurate perception that vaping is less harmful than smoking declined between 2017 and February–March 2020 in England (77.3% to 62.2%), Canada (66.3% to 43.3%), and the United States (61.3% to 34.0%), again accelerating during and immediately after the outbreak (p < .001). The perception that vaping takes less than a year to harm users’ health and worry that vaping will damage health also doubled over this period (p ≤ .001). Time trends were most pronounced in the United States. Exposure to negative news stories predicted the perception that vaping takes less than a year to harm health (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.55, 1.48-1.61) and worry that vaping will damage health (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.32, 1.18-1.48).ConclusionsBetween 2017 and February–March 2020, youth exposure to negative news stories, and perceptions of vaping harms, increased, and increases were exacerbated during and immediately after ‘EVALI’. Effects were seen in all countries but were most pronounced in the United States.ImplicationsThis is the first study examining changes in exposure to news stories about vaping, and perceptions of vaping harms, among youth in England, Canada, and the United States before, during, and after ‘EVALI’. Between 2017 and February–March 2020, youth exposure to negative news stories, and perceptions of vaping harms, increased, and increases were exacerbated during and immediately after ‘EVALI’. By August 2020, exposure to negative news stories returned to 2019 levels, while perceptions of harm were sustained. Exposure to negative news stories also predicted two of the three harm perception measures. Overall, findings suggest that ‘EVALI’ may have exacerbated youth’s perceptions of vaping harms internationally.

ISLAMOPHOBIA IN CANADA: THE ROLE OF CANADIAN NEWSPAPERS IN SHAPING ATTITUDES TOWARDS ISLAM AND MUSLIMS

The issue of Islamophobia got attention from researchers, academicians and journalist for the last three decades However the issue got enormous attention after the Twin Towers were attacked on 9/11, 2001, in USA. This study examines how media portray the issue of Islamophobia. For that purpose, two leading newspapers of Canada namely Globe and Mail and Toronto Star selected for content analysis. This study uses content analysis by selecting the articles published on Islamophobia in two leading newspapers of Canada namely The Toronto Star and The Globe &amp; Mail for a period of three months (January to March 2017). There are several parts of a newspaper that are analyzed (i.e. stories, content framing, priming and overall structure). In the first step, we go through the newspaper and identify all the stories. In the second stage, we identify the framing and priming of the stories and articles on Islamophobia. The main focus of this study is to examine the framing of the stories related to Muslims and Islamophobia in Toronto Star and The Globe &amp; Mail newspapers. Moreover, this study concentrated on issue of Islamophobia before and after the Quebec Mosque attack. The main results of the study show that during this period, the negative stories published on Islamophobia are more evident from Toronto Star and Globe and Mail newspaper despite the fact that both newspapers are liberal according to their theme of the stories. As compare to Globe and Mail, Toronto Star published more articles on Islamophobia. Keywords: Islamophobia, Attitudes, Content Analysis

What influences parents to vaccinate (or not) their sons with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: an examination of HPV vaccine decision-making changes over time

Abstract Background: Most sexually active adults are infected with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in their lifetime and about 3800 Canadians are diagnosed each year with a HPV attributable cancer. Although highly effective HPV vaccines exist, the HPV is responsible for 4.5% of all cancers worldwide, that include cervical, anal, vaginal/vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. The present HPV vaccine uptake rate for boys in Canada is well below the target set by the Canadian government. This study aimed to analyze the motives that influence a change in parents’ HPV vaccine-decision-making status for their sons over time. Methods: Data were collected using a web-based survey that measured knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding HPV vaccination. Canadian parents of boys aged 9 to 12 completed the survey at baseline (T1) and in a follow-up survey 9 months later (T2). Parents’ decision stage regarding their son receiving the HPV vaccine was categorized using the Precaution Adoption Process Model: unaware, unengaged, undecided, decided not to vaccinate, decided to vaccinate, or vaccinated. Parents who moved stages from T1 to T2 responded to open-ended questions, and we used qualitative deductive and inductive methods to analyses data. In parallel, we used quantitative methods to analyses parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Results of quantitative and qualitative analyses were compared and interpreted. Results: Of the 1427 parents who completed the survey at both T1 and T2, 118 parents moved to decided not to vaccinate, 125 moved to decided to vaccinate, and 9 to vaccinated. Qualitative analyses revealed that parents who moved to decided not to vaccinate their son indicated harms, knowledge, and general anti-vaccination attitudes as the top categories for vaccine nonacceptability. These parents also scored lower on HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge scales. Benefits, knowledge, and hearing positive opinions from health care professionals (HCPs) were the most commonly assigned categories for parents who moved to decided to vaccinate their sons. Conclusions: Highlighting the benefits of the vaccine, countering negative stories about the vaccine, and having HCPs provide strong recommendations are critical to increase HPV vaccine uptake in boys.

Minorities Coverage on Minorities of Daily Dawn Newspaper in Pakistan

Minorities are regarded as a significant portion of any society. They put plurality color in the society with their diverse cultures. These minorities help people to live together in a society and develop a tolerant attitude towards each other. In Pakistan, minorities comprise 3.8 percent of the total population. The flag of the country represents minorities with the white color. Though, minorities have contributed in all walks of the life of the country. However, minorities also face many critical problems. In this context, the media also plays a significant role to sensitize the issues of minorities. The main objective of this study is to determine the coverage of religious minority groups in the English Newspaper Daily Dawn. For this purpose, a quantitative content analysis of 100 news stories found (published during 2011-2021) through keywords search from the online webpage of Daily Dawn was analyzed with help of a coding sheet. The findings showed that most of the stories published in the Daily Dawn Epaper have a positive tone, following negative stories with a very low margin. Overall, the study found that minorities like Christians and Ahmadis are represented less in the coverage of the newspaper. However, most of the stories are related to the Hindus.&#x0D; Key Words: Minorities, Pakistan, Media Coverage, Daily Dawn, Content Analysis, Christian, Hindus

A qualitative analysis of nicotine replacement therapy uptake, consistent use, and persistence among primary care patients who smoke

•Adherence can be broken into three processes: uptake, consistent use, and persistence.•Barriers and facilitators to NRT use vary over the three adherence processes.•Information gaps and negative stories about NRT are common barriers to adherence.•NRT adherence may be improved by addressing patient knowledge and concerns.

WELCOMING SERVICES TO WORKERS IN A SERVICE SPECIALIZED IN SOCIAL APPROACH IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT IN PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING

This article aims to present the internship process in Institutional Psychology carried out in an institution of the Specialized Service of Social Approach (SEAS), in the state of Sao Paulo, remotely, in view of the new coronavirus pandemic. To achieve this, weekly meetings were held for seven weeks with the institution's workers, with the aim of offering them a place of support and welcoming, where they felt comfortable sharing their anxieties and demands, in order to alleviate their routine at work and the resulting psychological burden. The methodology used was the Experience Report, a method whose focus was exclusively on the analysis of the experience lived by the interns in their work process. The demands, difficulties and challenges that both the workers and the homeless population face daily are discussed in this study as a basis for its analysis, and were also identified in the workers' discourse from the meetings held. Therefore, this experience provided a view of the current picture of the human conditions of society in their plurality – but also in their inequalities – and highlighted the need to explore interconnected positive, negative and collective stories that affect each other's lives in a personal and social but, above all, professional aspect.

Beyond Propaganda: The Changing Journalistic Practices of China’s Party Press in the Digital Era

ABSTRACT To embrace the digital transformation, the Party press in China started to set up official accounts on social media platforms, hoping to strengthen the CCP’s legitimacy while satisfying audiences’ expectations. This study focuses on the case of Xiake_Island, an official WeChat account affiliated with the Party newspaper, People’s Daily, and tries to explore how new media technology redefines its journalistic practices. Through close observations and in-depth interviews, this study found that propaganda still dominates the production process, but the editors have incorporated some elements of commercialism and professionalism into their practices. They pay more attention to the objectivity and attractiveness of the stories in an attempt to weaken their mouthpiece role. To seek the balance between the political mission and audience demand, the editors of Xiake_Island have developed some strategies. Targeting elite audiences, Xiake_Island produces only high-quality, in-depth stories. When covering negative stories, it criticizes policy implementation by the local government while avoids questioning the legitimacy of the Party’s policies. Being firmly subordinate to the CCP, the editors will continue to accomplish their propaganda mission more subtly and softly in cyberspace.

Television News Coverage of COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Missed Opportunities to Promote Health Due to Ownership and Politics

This study examined Television news coverage of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria from February 2020 to July 2020. The focus was on African Independent Television (AIT), a privately owned TV, and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), a government-owned TV. We also interviewed ( n = 30) participants to understand their view on media coverage of the pandemic. We found that the TV stations paid adequate attention to the issues of COVID-19. However, the private media allocated more prominence to the coverage of COVID-19. By implication, the private media had more COVID-19 stories telecasted on its headline which also appeared as the first headline in many cases. Furthermore, they had more stories that were aired 61 seconds and above. The findings also showed that the government media outlet cited more of government officials while the private media dueled more on the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The private media had more negative tone stories, and most of its stories used visual and motion footages. Overall, our findings suggest that media ownership and politics play a large role in the coverage of COVID-19 in Nigeria. This has affected the attitude of the public as many of them no longer see the pandemic as something serious, but rather politically motivated virus to highlight the failings of the political party in power.

The Media’s Influence on the Government: A Case Study of Venezuela’s Media Agenda Setting with a Non-Free Press and Its Repercussions

A free and open press (unincumbered by political pressures) is necessary to hold government officials accountable. When governments become entangled in the business of licensing and regulating news outlets, news outlets succumb to the pressures of only publishing stories favorable to the current regime. The temptation to publish negative stories could result in losing one’s publishing license. This scenario has been playing out in Venezuela for the past two decades and has led to a media culture of misinformation, confusion, and propaganda. This paper first analyzes the Venezuelan view on the influential forces on its government through the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Second, it explores how the Venezuelan government vanquished the free press by affecting the Venezuelan citizens’ attitudes towards the press. Finally, it reviews how the internet and social media are creating new avenues for publishing uncensored and unregulated information in an effort to challenge current government restrictions.

Push polls increase false memories for fake news stories

ABSTRACT Push polls are an insidious means of disseminating information under the guise of a legitimate information-gathering poll (e.g., “Would you be more or less likely to vote for X if you heard they were being investigated for tax fraud?”). While previous research has shown that push polls can affect attitudes, the current study assessed whether exposure to push polls can increase false memories for corresponding fake news stories. Across four studies, we found that participants (N = 1,290) were significantly more likely to report a false memory for a corresponding fabricated news story after push poll exposure. This was true for positive and negative stories, concerning both fictitious characters and well-known public figures. Furthermore, this effect was stronger after a delay of one week between the push poll and the news story. Our findings suggest that push polls are a potent applied example of the misinformation effect and can significantly increase susceptibility to fake news stories.

Evaluating Polarity Trend Amidst the Coronavirus Crisis in Peoples’ Attitudes toward the Vaccination Drive

It has been more than a year since the coronavirus (COVID-19) engulfed the whole world, disturbing the daily routine, bringing down the economies, and killing two million people across the globe at the time of writing. The pandemic brought the world together to a joint effort to find a cure and work toward developing a vaccine. Much to the anticipation, the first batch of vaccines started rolling out by the end of 2020, and many countries began the vaccination drive early on while others still waiting in anticipation for a successful trial. Social media, meanwhile, was bombarded with all sorts of both positive and negative stories of the development and the evolving coronavirus situation. Many people were looking forward to the vaccines, while others were cautious about the side-effects and the conspiracy theories resulting in mixed emotions. This study explores users’ tweets concerning the COVID-19 vaccine and the sentiments expressed on Twitter. It tries to evaluate the polarity trend and a shift since the start of the coronavirus to the vaccination drive across six countries. The findings suggest that people of neighboring countries have shown quite a similar attitude regarding the vaccination in contrast to their different reactions to the coronavirus outbreak.

The influence of self-esteem on effective leadership style

An organization is the combination and use of resources - human, financial and material - to achieve goals. All organizations include in one form or another a set of their own goals, the distribution of power and authority, expectations about functions or duties, communication channels, and certain methods of ensuring that goals are achieved. The universal nature of organizations has made them the subject of both admiration and negative jokes or stories. On the one hand, some organizations are said to be "anointed," while in others people complain that they are treated like numbers, not individuals, or that they get lost in the big bureaucracy.