Negative Stigma Research Articles

Mathematical modeling and optimal control of tuberculosis spread among smokers with case detection

<p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of deadly infectious diseases worldwide. Smoking habits are a significant factor that can increase TB transmission rates, as smokers are more susceptible to contracting TB than nonsmokers. Therefore, a control strategy that focused on minimizing TB transmission among smokers was essential. The control of TB transmission was evaluated based on the case detection rate. Undetected TB cases often resulted from economic challenges, low awareness, negative stigma toward TB patients, and health system delay (HSD). In this study, we developed a mathematical model that captured the dynamics of TB transmission specifically among smokers, incorporating the effects of case detection. Our innovative approach lied in the integration of smoking behavior as a key factor in TB transmission dynamics, which has been underexplored in previous models. We analyzed the existence and stability of the TB model equilibrium based on the basic reproduction number. Additionally, parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the most influential factors in the spread of the disease. Furthermore, this study investigated the effectiveness of various control strategies, including social distancing for smokers, TB screening in high-risk populations, and TB treatment in low-income communities. By employing the Pontryagin maximum principle, we solved optimal control problems to determine the most effective combination of interventions. Simulation results demonstrated that a targeted combination of control measures can effectively reduce the number of TB-infected individuals.</p>

Stressors and coping mechanisms of divorced women

Background/Aim: The high divorce rate in Indonesia has an impact on the number of divorced women. In Indonesia, women with divorced status are still stigmatised, whereas the stigma and perception of divorced women in the community are still skewed. The formation of a negative stigma from the community makes women who experience divorce face many problems that can increase stress and make women psychologically disturbed. To overcome the conflict experienced, individuals have a coping mechanism as a way to defend themselves against changes that occur both within themselves and from outside themselves. The purpose of this study was to explore the sources of stress and coping mechanisms for stress in divorced women in Cirebon Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: This research was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The research participants amounted to 8 women with a divorce status of less than 2 months who experienced mild and moderate stress in dealing with the new status of divorce in Cirebon Regency. The selection of research participants used a convenience sampling technique. Data collection methods using in-depth interview techniques and administering questionnaires perceived stress scale (PSS) to determine a person's level of psychological stress. Data analysis in this study used the Colaizzi method. This study identified two themes, namely the sources of stress of divorced women and coping mechanisms for stress built in divorced women. Results: Sources of stress included social status, negative stigma from society, the process of raising children without a husband, economic factors , fear of facing life in the future and relationships with ex-husbands and their families. These various stresses did not prevent divorced women from continuing their life process. This was because of the coping mechanisms made by divorced women so that the stress they experience did not harm their lives. These coping mechanisms included self-management, enjoying the process, diverting problems, telling other people about problems , strengthening spirituality and self-reflection. Conclusion: Divorced women struggle with numerous stressors. It is necessary to strengthen positive coping mechanisms and to overcome stigmas and prejudices in society towards divorced women.

Family Experiences in Caring for People with Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that leads to significant suffering and the inability to maintain relationships with family members. Families have had meaningful experiences during their care, as this mental disorder requires long-term care and increases the burden on the family. This family's role is crucial to the healing process for people with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to describe family experiences with schizophrenia treatment. Methods: This study is qualitative descriptive research. Participants were divided into three family groups, each consisting of 4 to 8 people, with a total of 16 families participating. The participant-taking technique used is purposive sampling. Researchers collect data through focus group discussions (FGD). Researchers employ framework analysis as a data analysis technique. Results: The research found five themes: negative emotions, positive emotions, family burdens, stigma, and coping strategies. Families can experience negative emotions of anger, frustration, and fear when treating people with schizophrenia. The family also feels positive emotions of hope, patience, and gratitude. Long-term care and high dependence increase the burden on the family. There's still family stigma and public stigma. As time passed, the family developed a coping strategy to adapt to the existing stressors. Conclusion: The family has valuable experience in providing care to people with schizophrenia. Nurses need to provide family intervention to deal with the stress and stigma perceived by the family.

Beyond the presumption of monogamy: the role of religiosity, political conservatism and mononormativity in motivating opposition towards poly families / Más allá de la presunción de monogamia: el rol de la religiosidad, el conservadurismo político y la mononormatividad como motivadores de la oposición hacia las polifamilias

In light of the current discussion concerning poly families’ rights, this study examined the motivational underpinnings of opposition to poly families. Grounded on the theoretical line that institutional and ideological systems can legitimize the ostracism of stigmatized groups, the current exploratory research project examined the relationship between religiosity and opposition to poly families and whether this relationship is mediated by political positioning and mononormativity in a serial fashion. Specifically, Study 1 ( N = 277) examined the effect of religiosity on opposition towards polyamorous parents and whether the endorsement of conservative ideology and mononormativity would mediate this relationship. Study 2 ( N = 193) replicated the first study’s findings using a behavioural expression of negative stigma towards poly families’ rights. Study 1 showed that opposition towards poly families might be affected by religiosity and that the impact of religiosity is mediated by conservative ideology and mononormativity. Study 2 showed that religiosity could affect opposition to poly families’ rights through conservative ideology and mononormativity. This study provides evidence that the more religious participants are likely to express attitudinal and behavioural opposition towards poly families and that the more religious participants endorsed ideas based on conservative and mononormativity principles, the more they opposed poly families. The current exploratory study shows the relation between system-justifying ideological manifestations in prejudice towards poly families.

The Importance of IT-Based Public Accounting Transformation in Supporting the Digitalization of Good Governance

The writing of this article aims to analyze the importance of IT-based public accounting transformation in order to support the digitalization of good governance. The existence of a negative stigma that states that one day the role of accountants will be replaced by technological innovation products demands the role of public accounting to answer these challenges. To analyze this phenomenon, the author reviewed 15 journals from previous research and official data and government publications between 2019 and 2023. The author chooses literature review as a methodology in writing this article through a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of the review of the 15 journals show that IT-based public accounting transformation is needed in the implementation of digitalization of good governance. The adaptability of public accounting to the changes in this very dynamic era is considered capable of maintaining its existence in the midst of the digitalization storm. In relation to good governance, the application of IT-based public accounting can help accelerate the optimization of good governance if implemented consistently and sustainably. Digital track records that are difficult to eliminate can serve as a constant database for various public purposes.

The Decline of Negative Stereotype on Chinese Brand Smartphone

People’s preferences for particular brands of smartphones are inextricably linked to the variety of smartphones available in the market. As the emerging power of the world economy, China also has many smartphone brands which are highly distributed in the global market, including in Indonesia despite the negative stigma which attached to the brands. The study examines this phenomena from the scope of cultural studies using the theoretical basis of the circuit of culture (du Gay et al., 1997). The study aims to enrich the perspective on how the consumption of Chinese smartphone brands among Indonesian are regulated, produced, consumed, and represented, which further constructs the perception of how the brands’ images are perceived by the Indonesian customers. The study is conducted based on qualitative approach by observing the interaction enacted in two Facebook groups about smartphones. The analysis of the circuit of culture reveals the development of the Chinese products’ image in Indonesia. The study found that the negative image on the Chinese brands smartphones is declining among the customers. Despite the existing negative comments, the group members often recommend the Chinese brand smartphones when it comes to the functional need with affordable price. Thus, the negative perspective on Chinese brand smartphones which believed that the phones are low quality low price is promisingly shifted into worth price to performance The findings shows that Chinese smartphone brands are gaining more acceptance and positive perception among Indonesian consumers based on their affordable prices and improved quality.

The Effect of Social Support on Stress Coping in People with HIV

The high stress experienced by ODHIV requires adaptive coping. Negative stigma in society exacerbates the situation so that ODHIV do not get social support which is very important in dealing with stress or problems. This study aims to determine the impact of social support on stress coping among ODHIV in Makassar. This study involved 56 respondents respondents aged around 15-50 years taken from the Gaya Celebes Foundation (YGC), social support group care foundations (YPKDS), and hospitals. The research method employs a quantitative survey approach. The measuring instruments used in this study were The Brief Cope (Carver, 1997) and the Multidimensional Social Support (MSPSS) (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley 1988 The results showed that the value of the Wald test sig. value of 0.001 (p < 0.05) means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of social support on stress coping in people with HIV with a Negelkerke R Square value of 42,3% where the greater the social support received by ODHIV, the greater the possibility of coping with stress adaptively.

Perspective of The Psychological Assessment Team on Factors Influencing Parental Acceptance of Students with Disabilities

This study aimed to explore the perspective of the psychological assessment team on the factors influencing parental acceptance of students with disabilities. A qualitative design was used through a case study, with data gathered through in-depth interviews comprising four key participants, specifically two Psychologists and two Psychological Counsellors at Rumah Duta Revolusi Mental. The findings showed seven factors that either support or prevent parental acceptance of students with disabilities. The supporting elements include Knowledge, a Proactive and Open Attitude, Social Support, Financial Assistance and Capability, Availability of Facilities and Service Access, Experience, and Spirituality. Conversely, the preventing factors comprise Negative Stigma, Anxiety, Lack of Knowledge/Literacy, Maladaptive Beliefs, Negative Experience with Prior Services, Limited Financial Resources, and Limited Access and Infrastructure. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Semarang City should actively develop innovative policies to enhance parental acceptance of students with disabilities, addressing the identified factors comprehensively.

Philosophical Foundations of Polygamous Marriage in Islam from Various Aspects

This research aims to explain the philosophical basis of Polygamy in the Islamic religion in detail through several approaches. This research is included in the literature review category. The data collection technique is the documentation technique, while the analysis technique is the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. The source triangulation method was used to validate and authenticate the data obtained in this research. After conducting in-depth research, several important conclusions were found: first, from a legal philosophy perspective, Polygamy can be carried out because there is an underlying legal umbrella, but the ability to carry out Polygamy must be based on several provisions. Polygamy in Indonesia has been regulated by the promulgation of Law Number 1 of 1974 and Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975. Second, from a psychological philosophy perspective, Polygamy should not be carried out haphazardly. The polygamy process must also meet justice criteria. In families that practice Polygamy, wives usually experience inner pressure, such as jealousy, personality conflicts, competition, and children's displeasure towards different mothers. Therefore, it is necessary to fulfill the elements of justice to minimize the emergence of negative things. Third, from a sociological and philosophical perspective, Polygamy currently still has pros and cons in society. Many people still consider Polygamy to be a negative act, even though there is a negative stigma given to the perpetrators. Fourth, from an economic philosophy, many second wives from polygamous families do not have the right to fulfill their living needs, both physical and spiritual.

Edukasi tentang Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri di SMP Negeri 1 Mamuju

Menstrual Hygiene Managemen is a strategy for managing hygiene and health during the menstrual period to keep it clean and healthy. When women menstruate, they need to use sanitary napkins to collect the blood that comes out of the vagina and this is related to menstrual hygiene. Menstruation is increasingly recognized as an issue in domestic and global public health. In addition, matters related to menstruation are still considered taboo and have a negative stigma and it is often difficult to practice optimal menstrual hygiene for adolescents and adults in various countries and regions. Many girls do not have a proper understanding that menstruation is a normal biological process. They actually only know about it during menarche, aka when they first experience menstruation. This community service activity was carried out in the Hall of SMP Negeri 1 Mamuju with a total of 49 young women using the counseling method in the form of lectures. From this Community Service Activity, it was concluded that the implementation of menstruation education for young women in the Mamuju 1 Middle School Hall went well, as many as 49 people took part in this activity with enthusiasm as seen from the responses of children who paid close attention and also asked questions during the Q&A session.

Penyuluhan Tentang Menstruasi Pada Remaja Putri Di SMP Negeri Kabupaten Enrekang

Menstruation is increasingly recognized as an issue in domestic and global public health. In addition, matters related to menstruation are still considered taboo and have a negative stigma and it is often difficult to practice optimal menstrual hygiene for adolescents and adults in various countries and regions. Many girls do not have a proper understanding that menstruation is a normal biological process. They actually only know about it at menarche, aka when they first experience menstruation. This community service activity was carried out in the Enrekang Regency State Middle School Hall with a total of 41 Young Women on October 27 2022 using the counseling method in the form of lectures. From this Community Service Activity, it was concluded that the implementation of menstruation education for young women in the Enrekang Regency State Middle School Hall went well, as many as 41 people participated in this activity with enthusiasm as seen from the responses of children who paid good attention and also asked questions during the Q&A session.

The Strategy of Madrasah Development Amidst Globalization Challenges

As an educational institution born from the cradle of Islamic civilization, madrasahs have played a role in the advancement of the Muslim community in the past. However, in the midst of this era of globalization, madrasahs face complex challenges. This research aims to describe the development of madrasahs in the dynamics of Islamic education and the strategic steps madrasahs take in facing the era of globalization. This study is a literature review that uses documentation as the method of data collection, while the analysis technique employs inductive analysis. The results of this research indicate that in this era of globalization, madrasahs encounter two main challenges: 1) internal challenges, such as the low quality and competitiveness of madrasah graduates; and 2) external challenges, namely Islamophobia in the global community, especially in the West. To address internal issues, integrated improvements involving all elements of madrasah management need to be pursued. External issues need to be approached with a new marketing model that utilizes contemporary communication patterns to combat negative stigma against madrasahs and simultaneously create a positive trend towards the image of Islamic educational institutions and Islam itself.

How Shopping Lifestyle Moderates the Effect of Product Variety and Store Atmosphere on Impulse Buying

Impulse buying is one of the effective steps that can be taken to improve marketing. Although impulse buying is seen as a negative stigma for shopper, for business actors, impulse buying is an opportunity that must be maximized with the right marketing strategy. The sampling technique was carried out using non probabilty sampling technique with accidental sampling method. The number of samples taken was 95 people who were shopper of Kanini Jewelry products who were or had purchased products from the Bali branch of Kanini Jewelry. The analysis techniques used in this study are multiple linear regresion tests, t tests and moderated regresion analysis (MRA) tests, using the IBM SPSS. The results of this study are product variety and store atmosphere have a positive and significant effect on impulse buying, shopping lifestyle moderates the effect of product variety and store atmosphere on impulse buying. Hence, it is important for companies to pay attention to product variations and store atmosphere and shopping lifestyle of shopper.

Importance of Aging Policy

An aging policy in the near perspective is beneficial for the country, because the state's income will increase, and more people will be involved in the labor sector. This will help prolong both physical and psychological healthy life. The aforementioned is evidenced by the examples of Israel and Canada, as well as the recommendations of the United Nations and the International Labor Organization and the vision of the European Union on promoting the employment of the older population. Age division and the development of specific terms (Older persons and Seniors) will help the state create the state program for specific age group citizens. Also, these terms will help to eliminate negative stigmas related to age and aging in the labor market. Individual employment programs and the state subsidy mechanism for improving the skills of older workers will contribute to the sustainable development of employment in Georgia. The mentioned issues respond to the association agreement concluded between the European Union and Georgia.

The Revival Movement of the Idrisiyya Order in Indonesia

Sufism and ṭarīqa are often associated with awful and negative stigmas for generating laziness, stagnancy, and surrender to misery. Sheikh Fathurahman tackles these assumptions through the teachings of the Idrisiyya Order. This study is qualitative based research. The primary data were collected from books by Sheikh Fathurahman and his lectures uploaded on Youtube, observations, Focus Group Discussions, and direct and indirect interviews. This study found that Sufi revivalism, as initiated by Sheikh Fathurahman, has led to a positive movement. The presence of the ṭarīqa, especially the Idrisiyya Order, amid society has contributed to crucial social changes and innovations in some sectors, such as economics, education, and other social programs. Contribution: This study will give a new insight into the central teaching of taṣawwuf, such as zuhd and tawakkal as reinterpreted by Sheikh Fathurahman under the Idrisiyya Order so that ṭarīqa becomes the locomotive of social change amid Muslim society in Indonesia.

Analisis Semiotika Terhadap Tokoh Utama Perempuan dalam Film Perempuan Tanah Jahanam

Horror is still a popular genre in the growth of Indonesian films. Female characters are often featured iconically in the narrative of a horror film. However, there is a negative stigma about the presence of female characters in horror films who appear as antagonistic characters. Female characters often play the role of ghosts, victims of crimes, and other complementary characters. This study uses qualitative research and Roland Barthes semiotics to analyze the representation of female characters in Perempuan Tanah Jahanam. This research focuses on the main female characters in the movie. The results of this study explain the denotation that describes the female characters in Perempuan Tanah Jahanam as women who become the main characters in filling various important roles in horror films, while in the connotation there are various meanings that the main female characters have social strengths such as courage in fighting patriarchal culture, supporting fellow women, working hard and being independent, from the denotation and connotation that the author found formed a myth in the form of elements of feminism that were constructed on the four main characters in the film. Researchers found that the main female character is no longer represented as a victim or a seductive and sexy ghost. Female characters are also not used as a means of supporting the success and interests of commercialism in a horror film.

“I Like to Know When My Period’s Coming”: How Menstruators Use Technology to Track, Monitor, and Manage Their Menses

Managing menstruation is a global public health issue. Cultural issues such as period poverty, negative stigmas, and technological advancements are often discussed in the menstrual care space. Technologies, such as mobile apps (e.g., Flo, Glow, iPhone Health) and devices (e.g., menstrual cups, intrauterine devices), have changed how menstruators monitor and manage their menses. Little research exists on how these tools could affect university student menstruators. Virtual focus group discussions (n = 32 across five focus groups) were conducted in February 2021. Eligible participants were student-menstruators attending a large Midwestern University. Thematic analysis techniques were used for data analysis, allowing for a constant comparative approach to contextualization and theme identification. Results demonstrated that participants employed various technologies, including mobile apps, birth control methods, and reusable products, to track, predict, and manage their menstrual experiences effectively. These technologies proved instrumental in tracking symptoms, manipulating the timing of menstruation, facilitating communication with healthcare providers, and alleviating menstrual discomfort. Furthermore, participants emphasized the factors influencing their technology choices, such as menstrual cups’ economic and environmental advantages. These findings have implications for menstrual health programs, public health initiatives, and period policies, emphasizing the importance of integrating technology-driven solutions for menstrual health management. The study showcases the value of incorporating technology into education and awareness campaigns to empower individuals in managing their menstrual health and facilitating informed decisions about contraception and fertility. Furthermore, the research highlights the need for policymakers to support reusable menstrual technologies and destigmatize menstruation, ultimately contributing to gender equality and overall well-being.

The election of former rebel women

After conflict, many ex-combatant men experience the spoils of war as their rebel groups transition into political parties and elect former members to party seats. However, it is unclear whether these opportunities are reserved only for male ex-combatants. This article considers when and why voters might support former rebel women running for political office. It argues that the election of these women will depend on their roles within rebel groups, as well as their use of violence during conflict. The article presents a novel dataset on the election of former rebel women to rebel parties from 1970 to 2020. The results indicate that women’s roles as combatants and leaders in rebel groups are associated with higher levels of election for rebel women. In contrast, rebel women’s ties to violent tactics such as terrorism and sexual violence during war are associated with a lower level of election for rebel women after conflict. The interactions between rebel women’s roles and ties to violence are tested; the results suggested that, regardless of elite roles, rebel women’s electoral chances are hurt by extreme forms of violence, demonstrating the salience of the negative stigmas attached to violent women. The findings also demonstrate that while many former rebel women are marginalized after war, a select few experience political gains.

Personal Perceptions of Filariasis of Patients at Kodi Bolaghar Subdistrict, Southwest Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Perception is a mental process that occurs in humans that will show how we see, hear, feel, give, and feel around us. Patients' positive and negative self-perceptions are internal factors that significantly affect the healing process. Chronic filariasis patients experience a decline in physical condition, which becomes a mental burden for the patients and their families. Patients may experience negative stigma from their family and surrounding community. Some communities still believe in myths, supernatural powers, and magic, and patients suffer illness due to their evil deeds or that they have violated cultural norms that were passed down from generation to generation. How patients perceive themselves, their environment, and their families are rarely studied, though this information is essential to elucidate their needs. Kodi Balaghar subdistrict in the Southwest Sumba regency, East Nusa Tenggara, still has many filariasis cases. This study aimed to know the self-perception of filariasis patients in the Kodi Balaghar subdistrict, Southwest Sumba regency. We have selected ten patients to collect answers regarding self-perception from March to May 2021. The results of our study showed that respondents perceive themselves more negatively to both themselves and their families. We conclude that emotional and spiritual support from family, community, religious leaders, and medical personnel are critical to building self-confidence, life expectancy, enthusiasm, and fighting power to survive and undergo treatment for the disease.

Institutionalization of Hate Speech as a Daily Media Practice: The Case of “Wiadomości” TVP1

ABSTRACT In the article, I discuss how hate speech becomes institutionalized in the media discourse thanks to the news media and how it is included in the media practice by public television in Poland. Hate speech is based on expressive, conflict-prone, and black-and-white schemes, employing language characterized by emotions, negative stigmatization, and simplifications. As a case study, I analyze the “Wiadomości” (“News”) daily program on Polish public TV. Over eight years “Wiadomości” has become a broadcast presenting ideological political positions, favoring the party in power, being the primary means for propaganda, as hate speech aimed at opposition parties and their leaders has become customary content in broadcasts. It takes various forms, including the biased selection of content in programs, the structure of information, information strips, and comments of speakers and reporters presenting content. According to the media law in Poland, a public broadcaster has to be an impartial informant while performing its mission. However, TVP became a “hate speech factory” aimed towards political opposition. Using democratic principles, the ruling party made public media publish the content following the political program of the rulers, thus institutionalizing the undemocratic practices.