Negative Sensations Research Articles

P-972. Getting Real Clean: Implementation of Virtual Reality Training for Cleaning and Low-Level Disinfection of Portable Medical Equipment

Abstract Background Failure to clean and disinfect portable medical equipment (PME) is common, with reported contamination rates between 25% and 100% across a wide range of PME. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for training healthcare personnel (HCP). Despite emerging evidence of its effectiveness as a pedagogical tool, implementation of VR training for infection prevention and control (IPC) and specifically cleaning and low-level disinfection (LLD) of non-critical PME is scarce.Table 1:End User Characteristics (N=29). Methods A VR training module was developed by subject matter experts in IPC and competency-based education to provide instruction on cleaning and LLD of PME. Convenience sampling design was used to recruit HCP end users. A semi-structured interview guide was developed by qualitative assessment experts to evaluate end user experience. Double coding of verbatim transcripts was independently performed by project staff, with a senior analyst reviewing the analysis.Figure 1:Barriers and Facilitators to Using VR for IPC Training Organized by Theme. Results Between January 2024-April 2024, 29 end users from 3 healthcare facilities completed the VR training and semi-structured interviews. More than half (n=16, 55%) did not have prior VR experience (Table 1). Three main themes emerged, including both barriers and facilitators to adoption (Figure 1). End users reported several barriers to their VR Headset Experience, including blurry vision (n=16, 55%); negative physical sensations (n=9, 31%); and difficulty navigating the controllers (n=12, 41%) (Table 2). Despite noted barriers facilitators were identified: end users described the VR IPC Module Experience as “immersive” (n=12, 41%), “fun” (n=8, 28%), and “helpful” (n = 18, 62%). End users' Attitude Towards VR for IPC was overall positive, while noting barriers regarding implementation. End users also identified specific high-value teaching points (Figure 2).Table 2:Barriers and Facilitators by Frequency Reported. Conclusion While VR training is increasingly used in medical education, efforts to assess its implementation for training in IPC are lacking. This study identified the perceived value of VR training, while highlighting technical and implementation concerns. Future efforts should focus on strategies to mitigate technical and physical sensation concerns, and the evaluation of VR as a teaching modality.Figure 2:VR Scenarios and Teaching Points End Users Reported as Helpful. In frame 2A, user draws a disinfectant wipe from the canister and is prompted that the wipe is not wet and asked what they want to do. User then must discard the wipe and get a fresh, wet one, to advance. Teaching point: Wet time/Contact time requires that the product be wet when applied. In frame 2B, if user tries to enter or exit the patient room without performing hand hygiene (either soap and water wash or alcohol-based hand rub), they will be alerted of the missed step. Teaching point: when to perform hand hygiene in the context of the course. In frame 2C, user is alerted that the equipment did not remain wet for full wet time/contact time and is prompted to take action. Teaching point: importance of equipment remaining wet for the defined contact time to achieve disinfection. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Factors Associated with the Breastfeeding Aversion Response.

Background: The breastfeeding aversion response (BAR) is defined as the compulsion to remove the baby from the breast in response to negative physical sensations experienced during breastfeeding. This phenomenon is characterized by involuntary and overwhelming feelings of disgust that arise during breastfeeding or at various stages of the breastfeeding process. Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the frequency of BAR and affecting factors in mothers with breastfeeding experience in Türkiye. Methods: The survey was conducted online using the Google Forms® tool, accessible from November 2, 2023, to January 5, 2024. A total of 1,046 mothers with breastfeeding experience were included in the research. Results: A total of 9.8% (n = 103) of mothers participating in the study stated that they experienced BAR. Fatigue (23.3%), breastfeeding a toddler (19.4%), and breast pain (18.4%) were the most frequently reported risk factors for BAR. The BAR rate was higher among working mothers (p = 0.037), those lacking spousal support (p = 0.001), mothers diagnosed with postpartum depression (p = 0.009), and those encountering breastfeeding problems (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Further research on the factors that trigger BAR, its severity, and what symptoms it may cause may provide guidance on how midwives and nurses working with breastfeeding mothers can support these mothers, how to prevent BAR, and possible treatment options. The findings of our study revealed that BAR is especially affected by psychological processes. For this reason, it is recommended to approach breastfeeding in the postpartum period as a holistic experience that also includes psychological and sociocultural processes rather than solely from a physiological perspective.

Talking about and coping with pain and suffering in ultrarunning as moral language

ABSTRACT Ultrarunning places the athlete’s body in situations of self-inflicted pain and suffering. This study, building on the ethnographic example of recreational ultrarunners in Estonia and drawing upon qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, blog analysis, and participant observation, examines the narrative representations of these situations in two contexts: when runners discuss pain and suffering in ultrarunning generally, and when they engage in self-talk during races. A reflexive thematic analysis of runners’ discourse on their lived experiences of pain and suffering in both contexts revealed that it functions as a form of ‘moral language’, often consisting of statements and arguments explicitly or implicitly informed by a value-laden set of reasons. From a phenomenological perspective, moral language enables runners to justify, rationalise, and motivate negative bodily experiences and sensations. As a discursive act, it connects ultrarunners’ willingness to voluntarily subject their bodies to pain and suffering with culturally and socially constituted values that hold meaning beyond running. Through moral language, completing a race despite extreme exhaustion, severe physical pain, sleep deprivation, and other common effects of ultrarunning is reframed as a meaningful demonstration of broader ideals such as self-discipline, motivation, success, and perseverance. Coping with these sensations serves as an affordance for cultivating and communicating a particular sense of self.

Metamorphopsia after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Improvements in surgical techniques have led to 90% success in the surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). However, anatomical reattachment of the retina does not ensure complete recovery of visual function. The incidence of metamorphopsia remains the most common postoperative complaint, from 24% to 88.6%. Currently, the risk factors of metamorphopsia are categorized into macular involvement, retinal shift, outer retinal folds, subretinal fluid, secondary epiretinal membrane, outer retinal layer damage, and surgical approach. The associations of metamorphopsia with postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and postoperative vision-related quality of life were still controversial. The most popular methods for assessment of metamorphopsia remain the Amsler grid and M-Charts. Most treatments cannot progress beyond the management of negative visual sensations, through methods such as occlusion therapy and aniseikonia-correcting spectacles. The main treatment approach involves RRD prevention and the management of risk factors that can lead to postoperative metamorphopsia after RRD repair. Additional research concerning metamorphopsia treatment, further upgrades of auxiliary inspection methods, and more accurate microstructural assessments are needed to address this common complication.

Decoding Age-Related Changes in Emotional Reactivity: The Importance of Distinguishing Positive and Negative Sensations

This study investigated age-related variations in emotional reactivity, focusing on the differentiation between positive and negative emotional sensations. Grounded in Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST), we hypothesized that older vs. younger adults would exhibit heightened valence and intensity in their emotional sensations, alongside increased co-occurrence of positive and negative sensations. We presented 100 negative, 100 neutral, and 100 positive images to 67 young adults and 72 older adults. Utilizing unipolar scales enabled a nuanced analysis of emotional reactivity. Our findings revealed that older vs. younger adults overall report: 1) more positive and negative sensations, with a predominance for positive sensations, particularly when faced with positive images; 2) more intense sensations, regardless of the valence of the images; 3) more complex emotional sensations, particularly when faced with negative images. Thus, our findings validated the key principles of SST and can be seen as a manifestation of an adaptive strategy developed in older adults to promote richer, more positive emotional experiences. However, the study’s broader implications are moderated by certain limitations. The experimental sample shows a gender imbalance, with a predominance of females and a lack of racial, ethnic and socio-economic diversity in older adults. In addition, the low- to medium-intensity emotional stimuli reflect only a narrow spectrum of everyday experiences. These constraints underscore the need for future research to encompass greater demographic inclusion and a wider range of emotional stimuli to ensure the applicability of our findings to more complex populations and emotional landscapes.

The chain-mediating effects of negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance on exercise anxiety in college students.

The present study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance in the association between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety among university students. In this study, a questionnaire method was employed to conduct the Adolescent Athlete Non-Intellectual Factors Survey Scale on 1,200 college students. From this sample, 287 individuals with exercise anxiety were identified through an endurance exercise test and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) subsequently administered as well as The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Subsequently, statistical analyses including correlation, regression, and mediation were performed using SPSS26 as the analytical tool. Additionally, the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to test for the mediating effects and estimate the confidence intervals with 5,000 iterations, and the confidence interval (CI) was set at 95%. Finally, in AMOS24, a mediating construct was established by incorporating exercise anxiety as the dependent variable, endurance exercise behavior as the independent variable, and negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance as the mediating variables (R = 0.619, R 2 = 0.384). A path analytic procedure was employed to test the hypotheses while percentile bootstrap analysis was conducted to examine the indirect effects. The results show that endurance exercise negatively predicts negative physical sensations (β = -0.48, p < 0.001), negative physical sensation positively predicts experiential avoidance (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and exercise anxiety (β = 0.40, p < 0.001), and experiential avoidance positively predicts exercise anxiety (β = 0.26, p < 0.001). There were significant correlations among endurance exercise, negative physical sensation, experiential avoidance and exercise anxiety. Endurance exercise affects exercise anxiety through two ways: (1) endurance exercise → negative physical sensation → exercise anxiety; (2) endurance exercise → negative physical sensation → experiential avoidance → exercise anxiety. Negative physical sensations and experiential avoidance play mediating and chain-mediating roles between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety.

Echoes of a living body: A mind-body approach on how women victims of intimate partner violence experience their bodies

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a worldwide health problem. IPV impact on women’s embodiment remains embedded in their narratives. However, the subjective complexity of victims’ embodiment and its impact on healthcare still urges to be understood. We aimed to understand (i) how women victims of IPV experience their bodies and (ii) the impact of IPV in their embodiment. From a thematic analysis of six interviews with women victims, four themes arouse: Living body, Reaction to adversities, Impact of violence and Identity. Participants revealed a tendency to perceive negative bodily sensations, the body as restrictive of their ability to react to illnesses and other adversities, and impacts on health and decision-making processes. We encourage healthcare providers to be responsive to the feelings of physical and psychological exhaustion experienced by victims and highlight the potential of promoting positive bodily experiences in the support given to women.

Artificial Punishment Signals for Guiding the Decision-Making Process of an Autonomous System

Somatic markers have been evidenced as determinant factors in human behavior. In particular, the concepts of somatic reward and punishment have been related to the decision-making process; both reward and somatic punishment represent bodily states with positive or negative sensations, respectively. In this research work, we have designed a mechanism to generate artificial somatic punishments in an autonomous system. An autonomous system is understood as a system capable of performing autonomous behavior and decision making. We incorporated this mechanism within a decision model oriented to support decision making on stock markets. Our model focuses on using artificial somatic punishments as a tool to guide the decisions of an autonomous system. To validate our proposal, we defined an experimental scenario using official data from Standard &amp; Poor’s 500 and the Dow Jones index, in which we evaluated the decisions made by the autonomous system based on artificial somatic punishments in a general investment process using 10,000 independent iterations. In the investment process, the autonomous system applied an active investment strategy combined with an artificial somatic index. The results show that this autonomous system presented a higher level of investment decision effectiveness, understood as the achievement of greater wealth over time, as measured by profitability, utility, and Sharpe Ratio indicators, relative to an industry benchmark.

‘Are you still watching?’ – A study on the predictors of the problematic practice of binge-watching

By implementing innovative ways of accessing the media, video-on-demand services have renewed the concept of watching television, leading to the growth and popularity of social behavior of content consumption in the form of marathons, known as binge-watching. There is an increase in literature discussions about potential adverse outcomes that can arise from the excess of these marathons. It is because the adversities of its excessive use can affect its users in the social, physical, and mental spheres. Given the relevance of this social problem, this research aims to understand the main determining predictors of the problematic practice of binge-watching. The research sample consisted of binge-watching practitioners (n=467). The linear and multivariate methods used Structural Equation Modeling by Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). As a result, the study showed that the practice, associated with the psychological predisposition of individuals, can lead to the development of negative symptoms similar to addiction to various technologies, compromising the individual’s life both physically and psychologically. This phenomenon intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic when binge-watching was used for distractions, entertainment, and the management of negative sensations arising from the pandemic. Finally, this research contributes to the proposition of an original theoretical model on the problematic practice of binge-watching. It brings elements to reflect from the ESG point of view, as companies must commit to their social governance, thinking of strategies to optimize the obtaining profits, in the present study, subscriptions, without compromising the health of individuals.

Localizing somatic symptoms associated with childhood maltreatment

Childhood maltreatment has been linked to adult somatic symptoms, although this has rarely been examined in daily life. Furthermore, the localization of somatization associated with childhood maltreatment and its subtypes is unknown. This large-scale experience sampling study used body maps to examine the relationships between childhood maltreatment, its subtypes, and the intensity and location of negative somatic sensations in daily life. Participants (N = 2,234; 33% female and 67% male) were part of MyBPLab 2.0, a study conducted using a bespoke mobile phone application. Four categories of childhood maltreatment (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect) were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Using gender-matched human silhouettes, participants indicated the location and intensity of feelings of negative activation in the body. Childhood maltreatment generally and its four measured subtypes were all positively associated with heightened negative activation on both the front and back body maps. For females, total childhood maltreatment was associated with negative activation in the abdomen and lower back, while for males, the association was localized to the lower back. Similarly, each of the four subscales had localized associations with negative activation in the abdomen and lower back in females and lower back in males, except for emotional abuse, which was also associated with negative activation in the abdomen in males. These associations likely reflect increased somatization in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment, suggesting a role for psychotherapeutic interventions in alleviating associated distress.

The Aversive Musical Experience Scale (AMES): Measuring individual differences in the intensity of music-evoked aversion

Strongly disliked music has the capacity to evoke strong negative emotions and physical sensations—at least in some listeners. Although previous (qualitative) studies on disliked music have provided valuable descriptions of listeners’ experiences, more generalizable approaches are needed for understanding individual differences in the intensity of music-evoked aversive experiences. This study set out to explore these individual differences by developing a standardized questionnaire to measure the intensity of aversive musical experiences, the Aversive Musical Experience Scale (AMES). Furthermore, we explored the hypothesized predictors and potential underlying mechanisms (such as emotional contagion and a general sensitivity to sounds) by measuring trait emotional contagion, misophonia, tendency to experience autonomous sensory meridian responses (ASMR) and frissons, and personality. Based on the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, a final 18-item version of AMES was constructed, comprising three subscales: Sensations, Social, and Features. Misophonia and emotional contagion emerged as the strongest predictors of global AMES and its subscales. Furthermore, the personality traits of neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience, as well as age and musical expertise emerged as significant predictors of at least one of the scales. The implications and limitations of the findings are discussed with respect to sound-sensitivity, music-induced emotions, and personality theory.

Efficacy and safety of visnadine in the treatment of symptoms of sexual dysfunction in heterosexual women: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Objective To synthesize the primary evidence on the efficacy and safety of visnadine on symptoms of sexual dysfunction (SD) in heterosexual women. Methods We conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a primary search without language restriction in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and international clinical trial registries. Trials reporting the use of visnadine by any route in women with SD were eligible. We performed screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment in a double-blind approach. The primary outcomes were the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and its domains. Secondary outcomes were safety, arousal, lubrication, pleasure, orgasm, negative sensations, duration, and overall satisfaction. Results Initially, 242 records were retrieved. We selected nine papers for full-text reading and finally included two RCTs: one with a parallel design and one with a crossover design with a total of 96 patients. One study compared visnadine aerosol with a placebo, while the other compared different frequencies of visnadine aerosol use. Visnadine use showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in overall FSFI scores, regardless of the frequency of use. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the high clinical and methodological heterogeneity between available studies. Conclusion RCTs regarding the use of visnadine for the Female SD are scarce and methodologically limited. This preliminary evidence shows visnadine as a potentially effective and safe option to alleviate some of the clinical symptoms of SD in heterosexual women. However, future better-designed randomized studies with larger sample numbers are required.

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex in Human Lactation: An Integrative Literature Review.

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex is an understudied condition of lactation involving emotional dysregulation during letdown or milk ejection. Affected individuals may experience transient feelings of helplessness, melancholy, and general unhappiness. To evaluate the scope of published literature on Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex. Whittemore and Knafl's methodology guided this integrative review. Five databases were searched for primary research, summaries, and editorials on Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex in lactating individuals. Literature searched also included websites, pamphlets, and conference proceedings via Google and Google Scholar. A total of 11 articles, from five different countries, met inclusion criteria for review. Studies on Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex and negative emotional sensations during lactation were synthesized under five conceptual umbrellas: (1) Experiences, Sensations, and Symptom Management; (2) Biological Underpinnings; (3) Influence on Maternal Role and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy; (4) Support, Understanding, and Awareness; and (5) Reduction and Cessation of Breastfeeding. Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex is a neurobiological condition characterized by low mood and negative feelings during milk ejection throughout lactation. Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex is linked to maternal psychological distress and breastfeeding discontinuation. Priority areas for future research include biological origins and interventions aimed at prevention, symptom control, and greater awareness of the condition on a more international scope.

Is There an Ideal Performance Time for the Latex Tube Exercise?

SOVTE has been widely used in voice clinic. Estimates of time to perform the technique with a flexible latex tube are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of flexible latex tube immersed in water on amateur singers after 1, 3, 5 and 7 minutes, considering: (a) the singers' self-assessment regarding voice and vocal effort; (b) acoustic parameters; and (c) auditory-perceptual parameters of voice quality. Twenty nine amateur singers (14 women and 15 men) performed the exercise with latex tube (35 cm X 0.9 cm) in one 1-minute set and three 2-minute sets. Data collection was conducted before and immediately after each set using sustained emission of vowel [a]. Women and men were considered separately. Vocal self-assessment showed a statistically significant increase in negative sensations after 7 minutes of exercise for women. Auditory-perceptual analysis indicated voices were perceived more often as "equal" comparing pre exercise with first minute set and more often as "better" in the third and fifth minutes comparing with pre exercise only for women. The other parameters showed no significance. The exercise with flexible latex tube in amateur singers promoted improvement in vocal quality after 3 and 5 minutes for women. Also, the women presented significant negative sensations after 7 minutes. Immediate effect on the analyzed parameters was not observed in men.

“My Mind Varied Its Focus Quite a Bit”: A Thematic Analysis of the Attentional Focus of Aspiring Professional Violinists and Violists During Performance

Knowledge about musicians’ attentional focus may shed more light on why some succeed in demonstrating their optimal performance under pressure while others fail to do so. In previous research, attentional focus has not been investigated directly after performance. The aim of this study was to extend and deepen our understanding of the “what” and “how” of musicians’ attentional focus during performance under pressure. Qualitative data provided by 46 violinists and violists in open-format questionnaires immediately after they performed audition excerpts under low- and high-pressure conditions were analyzed using thematic analysis within a constructivist framework. Findings revealed that the focus of upper string players during “real-life” performance may be more dynamic and multifaceted than previous research might suggest. In particular, when participants reported a music-related focus, they referred to the level of formal and technical elements and to the level of interpretation and character, but also to prioritizing between the two levels. They focused on the navigation of these music-related aspects, their physical and emotional performance experience, critical thoughts and attempts at control, and the quality and dynamic of their focus. Furthermore, they described ways of managing their focus in a positive and adaptive sense but also reported negative thoughts, feelings, and sensations. Staying in the present moment and enjoying the music was thus a desirable focus. Approaches based on mindfulness and acceptance may be particularly suited to supporting musicians in maintaining a beneficial attentional focus during performance.

Development of a Specific Lexicon to Describe Sensory and Textural Characteristics of Olive Paté

Olive paté is a traditional Italian food typical of the Mediterranean diet, derived from debittered, pitted, and crushed table olives. Currently, there is no sensory standard for the quality of the product. In this research, a specific lexicon and an innovative profile sheet for sensory analysis of olive paté have been developed and tested to fill the gap. The list of descriptors was set in terms of negative sensations, olfactory/gustatory sensations, and kinaesthetic attributes. The assessors of a professional panel were first trained with and then used the profile sheet to characterize 40 olive paté commercial samples from five different Olea europaea L. cultivars. From a sensorial point of view, Nocellara del Belice paté was perceived as the saltiest, Nocellara etnea as the bitterest, and Hojiblanca and Bella di Cerignola were the most balanced and characterized on the olfactory/gustatory level. In terms of texture, Hojiblanca paté is the most consistent and grainiest. To support and verify kinaesthetic descriptors, textural analysis by back extrusion was performed. Through the agglomerative hierarchical analysis, the various paté showed a clear clusterization into two clusters: Nocellara del Belice-Itrana and Hojblanca-Nocellara etnea-Bella di Cerignola. The results obtained showed the validity of the profile sheet to correctly assess the different products.

Does chronic pain influence our dreams? A dream content analytical approach

Abstract Background To date, the relationship between frequent nightmares, chronic pain, waking-life distress and sleep quality is still unclear. Previous research has shown that chronic pain patients reported more frequent nightmares and critical life events compared to a control group. Moreover, patients reported pain dreams similar to pain in their waking-life, whereas controls reported pain dreams sparsely. Objective The aim of this study was to replicate these findings and to analyze the dream content of chronic pain patients in more detail. Methods A sample of chronic pain patients and healthy control individuals, matched in age and gender, were recruited. All participants completed psychometric questionnaires and a narrative dream diary for 14 consecutive days. Results Nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, pain dreams and distress caused by life events were increased in chronic pain patients compared to the control group. In addition, the patient group reported significantly more negative and aggressive dream contents and physical sensations in their dreams than the controls. These findings replicate continuity between waking-life and dream experiences concerning pain sensation. Distress caused by critical life events also played an important role in negative dream affect and pain perception.

“There is No One Way to Be Transgender and to Live Sex”: Transgender and Non-Binary Individuals’ Experiences with Pornography

ABSTRACT Transgender or non-binary (TGNB) people are often present as protagonists of pornographic material. This study is the first to consider TGNB people as critical consumers of sexually explicit material. The sample included 212 self-identified TGNB individuals: 47.2% trans man/transmasculine, 15.6% trans woman/transfeminine and 37.3% non-binary. The online questionnaire consisted of a sociodemographic data collection, multiple-choice questions about preferences and habits concerning pornography, and open-ended questions about the sensations experienced when watching pornography, opinions on the representation of TGNB people in pornography, and their experience in watching pornographic videos with cisgender or TGNB protagonists. The answers were analyzed using the qualitative method of thematic analysis. We identified four themes that appeared across the responses: 1) heteronormativity and cisnormativity in pornography: the need for deconstructing the current cis-het-patriarchial normative and binary system, which dominates pornography except for the ethical porn industry, 2) cisgender pornography compared to TGNB pornography, 3) pleasurable sensations (e.g., identification and empowerment) associated with TGNB pornography, and 4) negative sensations (e.g., objectification and dysphoria) associated with TGNB pornography. Results are discussed in light of the objectification framework and the minority stress model.

Patient's experiences of dental implants, peri-implantitis and its treatment-A qualitative interview study.

The aim of the present study was to explore peri-implantitis patients' sensations, expectations, and experiences of dental implants, the disease, as well as undergoing treatment with laser or mucosal flap surgery. Interviews were conducted with 18 patients who had been referred for treatment of peri-implantitis at a specialist clinic. The participants underwent either laser treatment or mucosal flap surgery of affected implants. Qualitative content analysis was used for processing the transcribed interviews with coding in categories and subcategories. The analysis of the interviews was presented in a narrative way to display the variety of experiences in this patient group. Losing teeth was perceived as frustrating and negatively impacted their quality of life; however, receiving dental implants improved some aspects of the patients' lives. While some have symptoms, others did not seem to notice the incidence and development of peri-implantitis. Local anaesthesia was the worst part of both treatments and both modalities yielded only minor discomforts. There were a variety of positive and negative sensations and experiences perceived by patients with dental implants as a consequence of peri-implantitis, including a negative impact on quality of life. These findings emphasize the importance of thoroughly informing the potential and established dental implant patients of the risk of developing disease and its impact. The treatment of peri-implantitis created in general only slight discomfort for the patient.

Breastfeeding Aversion Response (BAR): A Descriptive Study.

For many women, breastfeeding their infant is an enjoyable experience. Some, however, have reported negative sensations such as an overwhelming need to unlatch while breastfeeding. This phenomenon is known as breastfeeding aversion response (BAR). The incidence of BAR is unknown and literature on this experience is limited. This study therefore aimed to expand the understanding of BAR using an online survey targeting those who have experienced feelings of aversion while breastfeeding. An online survey was distributed within Australia using purposive sampling to those who self-identified as experiencing BAR. This survey contained 5 sections: (1) demographics and health-related characteristics, (2) breastfeeding difficulties and onset of BAR, (3) the experience of BAR, (4) birth and breastfeeding experience, and (5) coping with BAR and support. Questions were included to test the generalizability of previous qualitative findings on BAR. Participants (N = 210) predominantly were aged between 25 and 35 years (69.2%), were in a relationship (96.2%), and had one child (80%). BAR was more commonly experienced when feeding the first-born child (44.8%), breastfeeding while pregnant (31%), or tandem feeding (10%). The feelings of aversion were experienced by most respondents throughout the feed while the child was latched (76.7%). More than half (52.4%) of participants reported that BAR had caused them to end breastfeeding sessions before their child was ready to stop feeding. Almost half of the participants (48.6%) reported receiving no support from a health care provider for BAR. This study contributes new information about the experience of BAR, including when it commonly happens and who may be at greater risk. More support is needed for women who want to breastfeed while experiencing BAR. New public health policies which promote breastfeeding are needed to help women achieve satisfying breastfeeding experiences and meet their own breastfeeding goals.