Negative Role Models Research Articles

Impaired health in working children: a critical ethnography

Child labor is one of the important social issues that deprive children of many fundamental rights, and make them face many problems and consequences, including health problems. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the health of working children in Tehran. This is an ethnographic study that was conducted using Carspecken’s approach and was completed in 2022. The main participants of this study included working children aged 10–18 years living in Tehran. In order to collect information, the researcher was present at the workplace, school, and living places of working children for more than two years, observing their lives and activities. Formal and informal interviews were also conducted with the working children and informed people. In total, hundreds of working children were assessed and observed in this research. A friendly conversation was formed between the researcher and more than 50 children, and official interviews were conducted with six of the working children. Also, more than 10 official interviews were conducted with informed people and parents of working children. In addition to observations and interviews, documents such as medical records and drawings of working children were also examined and interpreted. The information obtained from observations, interviews, and documents was entered into MAXQDA software, and its raw codes were extracted. The high-level codes as well as sub and main categories were formed from the aggregation of low-level codes. Impaired health was formed from three subcategories of tormented body (work and environmental trauma, sexual abuse, malnutrition, fatigue, sleep disorder and inadequate hygiene), disquieted mind (anxious children, depression and isolation, reduced self-esteem and unfocused mind) and disrupted sociability (negative social role modeling, aggression and violence, stubbornness and vindictiveness, harassment and nuisance, reprehensible social behaviors, neglecting others’ ownership, disturbed relationships and out-group self-censorship). The results of the present study showed that the health of working children is compromised in various physical, psychological, and social ways. Therefore, some measures should be taken at the national and international levels to improve their health, such as revising the existing laws regarding children and informing children of their rights.

'Role Model Moments' and 'Troll Model Moments' in Surgical Residency: How Do They Influence Professional Identity Formation?

Role models are powerful contributors to residents' professional identity formation (PIF) by exhibiting the values and attributes of the community. While substantial knowledge on different attributes of role models exists, little is known about their influence on residents' PIF. The aim of this study was to explore surgical residents' experiences with role models and to understand how these contribute to residents' PIF. Adopting a social constructivist paradigm, the authors used a grounded theory approach to develop an explanatory model for residents' experiences with role models regarding PIF. Fourteen surgical residents participated in individual interviews. The authors iteratively performed data collection and analysis, and applied constant comparison to identify relevant themes. Role model behavior is highly situation dependent. Therefore, residents learn through specific 'role model moments'. These moments arise when residents (1) feel positive about a moment, e.g. "inspiration", (2) have a sense of involvement, and (3) identify with their role model. Negative role model moments ('troll model moments') are dominated by negative emotions and residents reject the modeled behavior. Residents learn through observation, reflection and adapting modeled behavior. As a result, residents negotiate their values, strengthen attributes, and learn to make choices on the individual path of becoming a surgeon. The authors suggest a nuance in the discussion on role modelling: from 'learning from role models' to 'learning from role model moments'. It is expected that residents' PIF will benefit from this approach since contextual factors and individual needs are emphasized. Residents need to develop antennae for both role model moments and troll model moments and acquire the skills to learn from them. Role model moments and troll model moments are strong catalysts of PIF as residents follow in the footsteps of their role models, yet learn to go their own way.

The Impact of Hidden Curriculum in Clinical Learning Environment: Exploring Resident’s Perceptions

Objective: To explore and identify residents' perceptions regarding the hidden curriculum in dermatology practice and make it explicit. Study Design: Phenomenology Qualitative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan Aug to Oct 2021. Methodology: Data was gathered from one focus group discussion and five face-to-face semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis of the generated themes. Results: Residents described a hierarchical and competitive atmosphere in the department. Positive and negative role models were identified. Organized teaching and approachable seniors were appreciated, whereas favouritism and a lack of empathy were undervalued. Conclusion: This study highlights the hidden curriculum in dermatology and attempts to recognize its important aspects. A continuous effort should be made to unravel it and align its positive aspects with the formal curriculum. This will lead to ethical and professional doctors and better health care.

The parent–child relationship in the digital era: The mediator role of digital parental awareness

The parent–child relationship was extensively reshaped during the infusion of digital technologies into families’ daily lives. In this context, this research aims to investigate the relationship between the parent’s time spent with the child and the parent–child relationship when digital parenting awareness including negative and positive roles is taken into consideration. A cross-sectional survey research method was employed. The data was collected by demographic information form, Child-parent Relationship, and Digital Parental Awareness scales. The data was analyzed from 285 parents with 3–6 years old children. In order to test the hypotheses, the Hayes-Process model was employed to determine the mediating effects of sub-dimensions of digital parental awareness between parent’s time spent with the child and the parent–child relationship. The results revealed that being a negative digital role model, digital negligence, parents' effective use of technology, and protection from digital risks partially mediate the link between parent–child time and their relationship. An increase in negative role modeling and digital negligence are associated with a decrease in the positive parent–child relationship. Furthermore, parents’ efficient use of and protection from risks from technology affects the parent–child relationship positively.

Negative faculty role modelling – is it a reflection of deteriorating societal values?

Background Negative faculty role modelling is an area of growing concern especially due to its implications on medical professionalism. The study aims to explore the impacts of negative role modelling on professionalism of medical students in the context of Pakistan. Methods This qualitative study is part of a larger study exploring impacts of role modelling on professionalism of students. It is based on Constructivist Grounded Theory involving six semi-structured interviews with clinical faculty and three focus group discussions with 22 students. Initial, focused, selective coding and thematic analysis was used to find the core category. Results Three overarching categories were developed: traits observed with negative role models; impact of negative role modelling; factors promoting negative role modelling. Subcategories of impacts included negative impact on professionalism, emotional impact, and its paradoxical positive impact. Negative role modelling, a manifestation of declining professionalism, was attributed to deteriorating societal values; further compounded by the lack of required mechanisms by institutions and the regulatory authority at their respective levels. Conclusions In the absence of a strong moral platform at societal level, the burden of responsibility rests with the faculty and more importantly with institutions and regulatory bodies to discourage negative role modelling and educate students to recognize, reflect on and avoid negative behaviours and adopt strong professional values.

Using the Skill of Noticing to Support Empathy for Third-Year Medical Students in Family Medicine.

Previous research has described a waning interest among third-year students to employ empathetic practice along with decreased opportunity to develop empathic communication skills. In this study we sought to address this decline using the skill of noticing (ie, the capacity to attune to specific aspects of practice and interactions) as an intervention for third-year medical students. We designed a qualitative study to address the following research question: How can a focused noticing tool encourage empathetic moments during the patient interview for third-year medical students? Eight third-year medical students used the Social Emotional Noticing Tool (SENT) during their 4-week family medicine rotation, then joined a focus group to share their experiences with SENT and articulate barriers and opportunities toward practicing empathy during clerkship. Student participants (a) described using the tool, including barriers and opportunities; (b) made connections between the practice of noticing using SENT and enacting empathy; and (c) emphasized how enacting empathy in their third year is largely influenced by interactions with clinical faculty. The use of SENT helped students notice empathy or lack thereof. However, making connections between individual capacity for empathic interactions and the impact of positive or negative role models is necessary. Based on our findings, we encourage the need for shared responsibility among students, faculty and preceptors, and organizations.

Parents as Role Model for Social Behavior of Children: A Case Study of the Short Story “A Doll’s House” by Katherine Mansfield

This research article investigates the parental influence on children's social behavior within the context of Katherine Mansfield's short story, "A Doll's House." The study primarily adopts a library-based approach and employs a descriptive analytical methodology. The research aims to explore the impact of parents and other family members on children's socialization and their conduct in society, with a specific focus on their interactions with peers and classmates. Additionally, the article examines the ramifications of social norms and social classes on parental figures. The involvement of school officials, peers, classmates, and their interactions with other children is also examined. The findings of the study indicate that the parents depicted in the story do not serve as positive role models for the socialization of their children. While the majority of children tend to imitate and perceive their parents as positive role models, one child does not blindly imitate the parents and may exhibit behaviors that deviate from parental expectations. These findings are useful as they contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics between parental influence and children's social behavior, especially in the literary context of the short story. They shed light on the complex relationship between parents, children, and societal expectations as portrayed in the story, which can be relevant for literary analysis, child psychology and sociology. The findings may have implications for understanding the potential consequences of negative role modeling by parents and how it can influence a child's behavior and choices.

A Qualitative Study on Parenting Practices to Sustain Adolescent Health Behaviors in American Indian Families.

American Indian (AI) adolescents who practice healthy behaviors of sleep, nutrition, physical activity, and limited screen time can lower their lifetime risk of diet-sensitive disease. Little is known about how AI parenting practices influence the health behaviors of youth. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore how a group of AI parents of youths at risk of disease influenced their youth's health behaviors after a family intervention. A secondary objective was to understand the role of AI parents in supporting and sustaining health behavior change in their youths following the intervention. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with AI parents (n = 11) and their young adolescents, 10-15 years old (n = 6). Parents reported facilitators to how they enacted healthy lifestyle behaviors, including family togetherness, routines, youth inclusion in cooking, and motivation due to a health condition in the family. Barriers to enacting healthy behaviors included a lack of time, a lack of access to health resources, negative role modeling, and the pervasiveness of screen media. Three major themes about the role of AI parenting emerged inductively from the interview data: "Parenting in nontraditional families", "Living in the American grab-and-go culture", and "Being there and teaching responsibility". The importance of culture in raising youths was emphasized. These findings inform strategies to promote long-term adherence to behavior changes within the intervention. This study contributes to public health conversations regarding approaches for AI youths and families, who are not well represented in previous health behavior research.

Nursing students' processes of taking role models and being role models: A descriptive phenomenological study

BackgroundRole models are frequently viewed as a means of motivating people to adopt new behaviors and inspiring them to establish ambitious targets. Role models play a significant role in the characters of individuals and can be effective in shaping their career choices, education, and identities. Within the nursing profession, role models are integral to nursing students' journey towards understanding the nursing role and professional responsibility. For this reason, it is very important for nursing students to identify role models that support the development of students growth and development. ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the qualities of nurses who serve as role models for senior undergraduate nursing students in shaping their professional attitudes and behaviors, identify the motivations behind selecting these individuals as role models. DesignA descriptive phenomenological research method was used. SettingsThe research was conducted at a state university nursing school. ParticipantsThe study was conducted with the participation of 16 senior nursing students. MethodsData collected from one-on-one interviews. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. ResultsStudent nurses mostly took clinical nurses and lecturers as professional role models. They were most impressed by their role models' knowledge, strong communication skills, and respect for human beings. To imitate their role models, students were willing to work in the clinic to improve their communication and psychomotor abilities and engaged in research and inquiry in areas where they felt insufficient. However, they also reported that most clinical nurses were not positive role models. They avoided taking nurses as role models because they had low communication skills, did not guide the student, and did not value human beings. ConclusionsThe study's findings indicated that student nurses were primarily influenced by clinical nurses and viewed them as both positive and negative role models, and they aspired to emulate the qualities of the nurses they considered positive role models while actively avoiding behaviors and traits associated with those seen as negative role models. Clinical nurses, who are in contact with prospective nurses the most, have an important role in guiding them.

Barriers to providing quality care for patients with substance use disorders from the perspective of baccalaureate nursing students: A descriptive qualitative study

BackgroundWith Iran facing an epidemic in substance use disorders, nursing students are increasingly encountering people impacted by substance misuse. Providing care for this group brings with it many barriers and challenges. These serious barriers have not been a priority in Iranian nurse education. ObjectivesTo describe barriers to providing quality care for people with substance use disorders from the perspective of nursing students. DesignA descriptive qualitative study, using content analysis was used to address the study aim. Setting and participantsPurposive sampling was used to recruit participants. Participants were 34 baccalaureate nursing students from different academic semesters studying at two medical sciences universities in Iran. MethodsData were collected using semi-structured interviews from July 2022 to October 2022. Granheim & Lundman's method for qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. ResultsThe barriers to providing quality care for people with substance use disorders were described through the major theme: “lack of communication skills and difficulty finding language for therapeutic communication with people with substance use disorders”. Based on nursing student perspectives, a lack of communication and language for therapeutic communication was described through the three barriers of: 1. “possessing or witnessing prejudiced attitudes and stereotypes”, 2 “negative role models”, and 3. “Knowledge deficit in self or others”. ConclusionThe result of this study showed that nursing students interact with people with substance use disorders through prejudiced attitudes, negative stereotypes, and knowledge deficits. Academic education should include practical techniques to reduce negative stereotypes and moral distress among nursing students as well as strategies to manage tough ethical situations and decrease prejudiced attitudes. Nurses and clinical educators must be attentive to their power to influence nursing students and should model appropriate unbiased behavior and language.

“It’s my favorite kind of cake. Gigantic.”: healthism, postfeminist disruptions, and rhetorical “Othering” in The Mindy Project

ABSTRACT This article examines the romantic situation comedy program The Mindy Project as a conventional site where popular discourse about healthism appears. Despite a woman of color as the lead actor in the postfeminist television series, the rhetorics of healthism in The Mindy Project nevertheless strengthen postfeminist thinking and disguise dominant logics of racism and sexism. The series moralizes health to “other” women of color using three rhetorical strategies: (1) the representation of model minority women vis-à-vis health, (2) the white savior narrative in an era of healthism, and (3) the gendered/raced nature of negative role modeling. Since healthist rhetorics uphold Dr. Mindy Lahiri as both a threat to and reinforcer of white supremacist and anti-Asian ideology, this analysis has important implications for how women of color perceive themselves in relation to their health choices. The essay also demonstrates how healthism in The Mindy Project invites new considerations of the model minority trope that is embodied by Asian and Asian American television characters acting in medical professional roles.

Role models, aspirations and desire to migrate

This paper investigates the impact of role models on aspirations and the desire to migrate in rural Mali, implementing an RCT. Three documentaries are shown, depicting two successful life stories of non-migrants and migrants, and one unsuccessful migrant’s life story. We find that an identification process takes place, and that positive migrant and non-migrant role models increase aspirations and the feeling of control over one’s future, and decrease depression symptoms. None has a significant average impact on the desire to migrate. Heterogeneity analysis on the desire to migrate using Machine Learning suggests that belonging to migrant-prone households increases responses to positive and negative migrant role models. It also suggests working in agriculture, bad health conditions, low aspirations and living with migrants induce a stronger response to the film about local opportunities.

Reasons for High School Dropout: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study Based on Students' Common Experiences

The purpose of this study is to describe the shared experiences of high school students who have left school. The study is based on the qualitative research pattern of "Descriptive Phenomenology". The sample of the study consists of 10 students who left school at the secondary level. "Criteria sampling" which is among purposeful sampling methods was used when determining the sample. The data obtained from semi-structured interviews with students who had left the school were subjected to content analysis, which is a qualitative data analysis method. MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program was used when this analysis was carried out. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that students leave school due to reasons such as low academic achievement, class repetition, absenteeism, poor economic situation, work, reluctance, apathy, negative behaviors, bad peer group, bad social environment, disciplinary referrals, peer bullying, different career orientations and negative role models. In the study, these reasons were classified as low academic motivation, risky behaviors and social disadvantage.

Access to psychosocial support for church-going young people recovering from drug and substance abuse in Zimbabwe: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe church and other religious-affiliated organizations have promising yet underexplored potential to provide social support services for young people recovering from substance abuse in communities where drug and substance rehabilitation services are limited. This study aimed to establish the barriers and facilitators of accessing psychosocial support, the role of the church, and strategies to promote access to psychosocial support for youths recovering from drug and substance abuse.MethodsThis was a qualitative cross-sectional study, and semi-structured interviews of 18 church-going youths and three youth pastors were conducted in eastern Zimbabwe. Data were collected using recorded telephone interviews. Data were transcribed and analyzed using the thematic network analysis technique of producing basic themes, which build into organizing themes. Organizing themes produces one overarching global theme. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines for reporting on qualitative research were used in reporting the study findings.ResultsThe interviews produced the following basic themes under organizing theme barriers: stigma and discrimination, parental/guardian denial, radical religious beliefs, and negative role models. Under the organizing theme facilitators, the basic themes were acceptance, confidentiality, peer and parental support, and an organized support program. The church acted as the bridge between the barriers to access to services and support seeking through innovative, inclusive projects and activities, as well as a pillar of social support.ConclusionsAcceptance of one’s addiction problem is critical to initiate seeking psychosocial support. Confidentiality, support from trustworthy relationships, and the availability of a well-coordinated recovery program enable young people to seek support. We recommend formal training church-based counselors in the ethical aspects of psychotherapy to reduce the preconceived social stigma associated with drug and substance abuse.

CLINICAL TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS: PERCEPTION OF UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN MEDICAL COLLEGES OF PAKISTAN USING ROLE MODEL APPERCEPTION TOOL

Objective: This study aimed to determine medical students’ perceptions of their clinical teachers as role models during the clinical years of a medical program. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a pre-validated questionnaire, Role Modeling Apperception Tool was used and completed by Final year medical students selected from affiliated medical institutions of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar i.e. four graduating cohorts, comprising about 600 students. Participants were selected following universal sampling and data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The response rate to Role Modeling Apperception Tool was 75.1% n=451. The total number of students participating in this study from Private sector medical colleges was 157 34.8% and Public Government was 294 65.2%. The mean age of the students was 23.71 years SD=0.77, Range=22-26. Male respondents comprised 42.4% n=191 and females were n=260 57.6% of the study sample. Altogether, 92.9% of students experienced positive role models while 72% had negative role models among academic staff in their medical colleges. Mostly, medical students perceived male clinical teachers as their role models in comparison to their female counterparts. Moreover, clinical teachers were more considered positive role models than basic sciences teachers. Private-sector medical college students rated their clinical teachers higher among all domains Clinical, Personal, and Teaching in comparison to Public sector medical college students. A strong positive correlation was noted among domains tested on Role Modeling Apperception Tool. Conclusion: Clinical instructors are inveterately considered by students as their role models in medical colleges and significance are conferred on their position. Altogether, doctors with teaching roles must be cognizant of their responsibilities and their influence on the professional growth and performance of students. Eventually, components related to Personal, Clinical, and Teaching attributes were suggested as major traits perceived in role models. Keywords: Clinical Teacher, Role model, Medical Student, Medical College

The Challenges of Being a Positive Role Model for Your Employees

Being a positive role model for your employees is a lot harder than it sounds. This article describes the values, attitudes, and behaviors that are worth modeling for healthcare employees. It explores four popular misconceptions about being a role model that can interfere with a leader’s ability to model excellence. It then describes five of the biggest role modeling challenges that healthcare executives will face and how to overcome them. These are the challenges of striking out with employees, having only reverse or negative role models, making a mistake that has big consequences, coming across as too perfect, and feeling that a leader is under almost constant scrutiny. This article also offers healthcare executives five practical strategies they can use when they can’t find leadership role models who look like them.

Living with Mental Distress, Social Anger, and In-Group Commitment among Working Children: A Qualitative Study.

Working as a child can have various effects on all aspects of children's health. Investigating and identifying issues related to the health of working children can be useful in promoting their health. Therefore, in this qualitative study, we examined issues related to the mental health and behavior of working children. This qualitative study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2021 with the contractual content analysis approach. The main participants (N = 32) in this study were working children aged 10 to 18 years. To collect data, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with working children, their parents, and the center officials. In addition to the interview, some field notes were also taken from interactions between working children. After each interview, they were transcribed and coded. After 27 interviews, the data were saturated, no new code was extracted, and further interviews were conducted to ensure data saturation. Data analysis was performed based on the proposed method of Lundman and Graneheim. The results revealed the three main categories of mental distress (fear and anxiety, depression, loneliness and isolation, decreased self-confidence, and decentralized mind), social anger (negative social role modeling, harassment and harm of others, reprehensible and antisocial behavior, disregard for the property of others, disrupted relationships, and violence), and in-group commitment (self-censorship outside the group, individual independence and group cohesion, and caring for the group). Most working children suffer from various forms of mental and behavioral issues, which, if not taken care of, can have irreparable consequences.

Unethical Behaviors: An Evaluation According to the Opinions of Teachers and Administrators

It was aimed to determine the unethical behaviors of teachers and administrators from each other's perspectives in this research. The case study method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was applied in the research. The research group of the study consisted of 20 educators, including 10 teachers and 10 administrators, working in public schools during the 2021-2022 academic year. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using inductive content analysis by the researchers. According to the most important results of the research, unethical behaviors from the administrators’ perspective were determined that teachers entered and left the classes whenever they wanted, ignored professional development, avoided applying different methods and techniques in the lessons, treated students unfairly, saw grades as a punishment tool, and became negative role models for the students. On the other hand, distributing resources to people who are in personal relation to them, making tailor-made lesson plans, acting according to the teachers' unions, being careless to the children of poor families, and being negative role models for the students were among the unethical behaviors of administrators from teachers' perspective. As a result of the research, suggestions were developed to change the unethical behaviors of teachers and administrators.

Discrete Dynamic Modeling Analysis of College Students’ Ideological and Political Education Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Today, with the rapid development of the Internet, the new carrier and platform of college students’ ideological and political education innovation need to be improved. In order to improve the timeliness of college students’ ideological and political research, in view of this characteristic, particle algorithm is studied. Combined with the principle of particle algorithm, the core idea of particle algorithm is applied. College students think about their past behaviors and conduct self-evaluation and reflection. On the other hand, it is the competition and cooperation between multiple academic groups. Combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, through model optimization, deal with the fitness value between the two attributes to optimize the work. Positive and negative excitation measures are introduced in the experimental research, and the particle swarm optimization evaluation function and behavior weighting factor are analyzed to hypothetically describe the working method. At the same time, it is pointed out that the educational working methods should be adjusted in time according to the changes of student groups and individual behaviors, so as to achieve good work results. Research shows that positive incentives are better than no incentives, and the introduction of negative incentives can only prevent college students from becoming negative role models because they cannot give them the best state of consciousness.

Students' experience of the challenges of using assertive communication.

Assertive communication is a skill that many nurses, particularly nursing students, find challenging. This article describes the findings of phenomenological study that set out to explore third-year student nurses' experiences of using assertive communication in the clinical setting. A narrative enquiry approach reviewed six reflective written accounts of their experiences. In addition, seven students took part in an in-depth semi-structured group discussion of their clinical experiences. Data were analysed using a hybrid interpretive phenomenological analysis and discourse analysis framework. Three key themes emerged: a sense of responsibility/duty and a sense of failure when this is not upheld, the importance of mentors in promoting self-confidence and self-esteem, and a sense of belonging on placement. The students responded well to positive role models and were able to identify negative role models. Accurate, constructive feedback and support was important to help students reflect appropriately.