Negative Pressure Cavitation Extraction Research Articles

Essential oil extraction from lavender using negative pressure cavitation extraction and coating to extend grape shelf life

The purpose of this investigation was to extract the essential oil from lavender using the negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) method and compare it to conventional hydro-distillation, as well as to assess the effect of extraction techniques on the yield and physicochemical activity of lavender essential oil. Linalyl acetate, camphor, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), borneol, terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene, geraniol, geranyl acetate, and bisabolol are some of the primary compounds extracted from lavender essential oil. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of essential oil were measured. The lavender essential oil extracted using the NPCE technique had a total phenolic content of 73.17 ± 0.97mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100ml. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) refers to the ability of lavender essential oil extract to scavenge 50% of the original DPPH radicals. The lavender essential oil extracted using the NPCE process has an IC50 of 285.70 ± 0.46g/mL. The impact of sodium alginate edible coating in conjunction with lavender volatile oil (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% w/v) on overall grape quality was studied over 9 days period at 4°C. It was revealed that the sodium alginate coating infused with lavender essential oil preserved grape quality. The most effective application, however, was sodium alginate combined with lavender essential oil of 1%. Furthermore, the inclusion of lavender volatile oil in the sodium alginate coating decreased the microbial load.

Study of the Extraction Kinetics and Calculation of Effective Diffusivity and Mass Transfer Coefficient in Negative Pressure Cavitation Extraction of Paclitaxel from Taxus chinensis

Study of the Extraction Kinetics and Calculation of Effective Diffusivity and Mass Transfer Coefficient in Negative Pressure Cavitation Extraction of Paclitaxel from Taxus chinensis

Preparative separation of specific triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus based on negative-pressure cavitation extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography

BackgroundInonotus obliquus, a famous dark brown white-rot fungus on birch trees, has remarkable anti-cancer activity due to its special triterpenpoid components. The aims of this study were to develop an efficient and integrated strategy for preparative separation of triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus and to provide ideas for the preparation of bioactive ingredients in other complex materials. MethodsIn the present study, an integrated technology of negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) separation of four main triterpenoids in Inonotus obliquus was developed for the first time. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the negative pressure cavitation extraction parameters of triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus. For the rapid and effective preparative separation of triterpenoids, the HSCCC method with Hex-ACN (1:1; v/v) system was established. Significant FindingsThe extraction yield of total triterpenoids reached 17.41 mg/g under the optimal NPCE extraction conditions. The specific four triterpenoids including 3β-hydroxy-lanosta-8, 24-diene-21-al (0.84 mg/g), Inoterpene F (1.09 mg/g), Inotodiol (2.93 mg/g), Lanosterol (1.42 mg/g) were obtained by one step separation with the purities of more than 95%. This is the first report on the preparative separation of triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus by NPCE-HSCCC.

A sustainable and efficient preparation process of anthocyanins from blue honeysuckle fruit and comprehensive bioactivity assessment

In the present study, an integrated process for preparation of anthocyanins components from blue honeysuckle fruits using deep eutectic solvent-based negative pressure cavitation extraction (DES-NPCE) was explored rationally. Single factor optimization combined with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were applied to confirm the influential parameters. The maximum extraction yields of total anthocyanins and main constituent cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) reached 6.601 mg/g and 4.839 mg/g, which were 1.197–1.565 folds of other conventional methods. Moreover, the anthocyanins products exhibited higher stability from DES-NPCE extraction than that of conventional extraction solvents, which was conducive to the preservation and utilization of anthocyanins. After enrichment with macroporous resin D101, the contents of total anthocyanins and C3G reached 25.72% and 19.05%, and the recovery yields were 81.35% and 82.24%, respectively. Furthermore, the anthocyanins products exhibited more powerful chemical and cellular antioxidant activities, which were similar or stronger than that of positive control Vc or BHT. These results revealed that the proposed process was definitely an efficient and sustainable strategy for the stabilization preparation of thermo sensitive biologically active natural products. The developed method has also proved to have sufficient potential for application in food, nutrition and pharmaceutical industries.

Experimental and simulative studies on the implications of natural and green surfactant for extracting flavonoids

In the era of green chemistry, natural and sustainable extraction solvents have become the focus of people’s attention in the process of extracting target compounds from plants. In this work, a novel surfactant based synergistic negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) technique assisted with the natural surfactant tea saponin (TS) was firstly developed for extracting seven target flavonoids (STF) from Hibiscus manihot L. flower (HMLF) simultaneously. After systematical experimental screening, the ideal experimental parameters (extraction solvent: 60% ethanol containing 0.5% (w/v) TS, negative pressure: 0.07 MPa, liquid solid ration: 53 mL/g, extraction temperature: 61 °C, extraction time: 16 min) were optimized, and the maximum total extraction yield of STF of 19.80 mg/g in the solvent system. In addition, the TS extraction solution could be recycled for at least three runs with the extraction efficiency and recovery of 18.96–14.84 mg/g and 77.84–87.03%, respectively. Moreover, the synergistic extraction mechanism of natural surfactant TS and NPCE on the efficient extraction of quercetin and other flavonoids from HMLF was illuminated by molecular docking, and FTIR verification showed the formation of H-bonds between TS and target flavonoid molecules. In conclusion, surfactant-negative pressure cavitation extraction (S-NPCE) technique conforms to the concept of green chemistry, which possesses the potential as a remarkably simple and valid alternative for the extraction of natural products from plant materials.

Application of negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) on total phenolic compound extraction from Millettia sericea root

Production of total phenolic compounds from Millettia sericea roots was carried out using the NPCE method. This study aims to determine the effect of solvent concentration (60, 70, 80, 90%) and negative pressure (-0.4, -0.5, -0.6, -0.7 bar) in the NPCE system on Millettia sericea roots and investigate the increase in extraction yield compared to maceration methods. According to the results of the investigation, the best solvent concentration resulted from 70% methanol and -0.7 bar negative pressure. The results of the comparison of the NPCE extraction method with maceration exhibited a high escalate in extraction yield more than 3 times compare to maceration methods.

Negative pressure cavitation based ultrasound-assisted extraction of main flavonoids from Flos Sophorae Immaturus and evaluation of its extraction kinetics

In this study, an efficient process of negative pressure cavitation based ultrasound-assisted extraction (NPC-UAE) was invented, and applied for the extraction of main flavonoids from Flos Sophorae Immaturus (FSI) for the first time. After the optimization of single factor and Box-Behnken design (BBD) experiments, the optimum technological conditions of NPC-UAE were determined as follows: ethanol concentration 72%, time 16 min, liquid to solid ratio 25:1 mL/g, ultrasonic intensity 0.347 W/cm2, negative pressure −0.07 MPa and temperature 60 °C. The extraction yields of rutin, nicotiflorin, narcissin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were 125.17, 15.02, 25.61, 51.89, 4.32 and 6.30 mg/g, respectively. The advantages of NPC-UAE were demonstrated by mass transfer kinetics. Under the optimal parameters, the extraction yields of NPC-UAE for six compounds were 1.27–1.62 and 1.17–1.40 folds to those of negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), respectively. In terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity, the effect of NPC-UAE extracts was superior to other methods (UAE, NPCE). The results showed that NPC-UAE could not only extract flavonoids from FSI efficiently, but also have great advantages in extracting active components from sample matrix.

Cavitation Technology—The Future of Greener Extraction Method: A Review on the Extraction of Natural Products and Process Intensification Mechanism and Perspectives

With growing consumer demand for natural products, greener extraction techniques are found to be potential alternatives especially for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic manufacturing industries. Cavitation-based technology has drawn immense attention as a greener extraction method, following its rapid and effective extraction of numerous natural products compared to conventional techniques. The advantages of cavitation-based extraction (CE) are to eliminate the application of toxic solvents, reduction of extraction time and to achieve better extraction yield, as well as purity. The cavitational phenomena enhance the extraction efficiency via increased mass transfer rate between the substrate and solvent, following the cell wall rupture, due to the intense implosion of bubbles. This review includes a detailed overview of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), negative pressure cavitation (NPC) extraction, hydrodynamic cavitation extraction (HCE) and combined extractions techniques which have been implemented for the extraction of high-value-added compounds. A list of essential parameters necessary for the maximum possible extraction yield has been discussed. The optimization of parameters, such as ultrasonic power density, frequency, inlet pressure of HC, extraction temperature and the reactor configuration denote their significance for better efficiency. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks associated with extraction and future research directions have also been pointed out.

Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Properties and Value of Astragali Radix.

Astragali Radix (AR), a Chinese materia medica (CMM) known as Huangqi, is an important medicine prescribed in herbal composite formulae (Fufang) by Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners for thousands of years. According to the literature, AR is suggested for patients suffering from “Qi”- and “Blood”-deficiencies, and its clinical effects are reported to be related to anti-cancer cell proliferation, anti-oxidation, relief of complications in cardiovascular diseases, etc. The underlying cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of these various diseases are presented here to support the mechanisms of action of AR. There are two botanical sources recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP, 2015): Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Var. mongohlicus, (Bge.) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Fam. Leguminosae), whose extracts of dried roots are processed via homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction. Geographic factors and extraction methods have impacts on the pharmaceutical and chemical profiles of AR. Therefore, the levels of the major bioactive constituents of AR, including polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids, may not be consistent in different batches of extract, and the pharmaceutical efficacy of these bioactive ingredients may vary depending on the source. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on the consistency of the available sources of AR and extracts and on the investigation of the biological functions and mechanisms of action of AR and of its major bioactive constituents. Furthermore, it will also include a discussion of the most popular AR composite formulae to further elucidate their chemical and biological profiles and understand the pharmaceutical value of AR.

Ultrasound-negative pressure cavitation extraction of phenolic compounds from blueberry leaves and evaluation of its DPPH radical scavenging activity

Traditional extraction methods for natural products from biomass have many drawbacks such as low extraction yields, time-consuming, plenty of organic solvent consumption and being harmful to environment and human beings. In the present study, we developed an efficient extraction method called ultrasound-negative pressure cavitation extraction (U-NPCE) for extraction of bioactive compounds from blueberry leaves. The optimization of the extraction process was based on single factor experiments and Box–Behnken design (BBD). The optimal extraction conditions were ethanol concentration (v/v) 68.61%, ultrasonic power 0.36W/cm2, negative pressure −0.07Pa, extraction time 15min, solid/liquid ratio 1:30g/mL and extraction temperature 50°C. Under the optimal extraction condition, the mass transfer kinetics model indicated that U-NPCE has higher extraction yields for total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total procyanidins (TPA) and the time consumption were 3.33 and 3.67 times shorter than that of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) respectively. Moreover, extracts of U-NPCE (22.5μg/mL) have stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than those of UAE (30μg/mL) and NPCE (32.5μg/mL). The results indicated that U-NPCE was more efficient than UAE and NPCE for extraction of polyphenols from blueberry leaves and extracts has much higher TP, TF and TPA contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Integrated and sustainable separation of chlorogenic acid from blueberry leaves by deep eutectic solvents coupled with aqueous two-phase system

In this work, deep eutectic solvent (DES), as a green solvent, coupled with the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the Negative pressure cavitation extraction and enrichment of chlorogenic acid (CGA) from blueberry leaves (NPCE-DES-ATPS) was developed and optimized for the first time. Eight DESs were synthesized and applied, and ChCl-1,3-Butanediol exhibited the best extraction ability. Under the negative pressure of −0.07pa, the influencing parameters, temperature, liquid–solid ratio, and extraction time, were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM results revealed that optimized conditions are liquid/solid ratio 17.01mL/g, extraction temperature 59.03°C, extraction time 24.12min. Subsequently, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) formed by DES extract and salt was developed for the enrichment of CGA. Influence factors on the ATPS system were optimized using single factor experiments and the optimal conditions was ChCl-1,3-Butanediol concentration 26.72% (w/w) and K2HPO4 concentration 35.11% (w/w), pH 3 and temperature 35°C. After the integrated and sustainable extraction and enrichment process, the recovery of CGA by DES-ATPS achieved 96.18%, and the purity could reach 74.5%. This green and efficient NPCE-DES-ATPS method has great potential to extraction and purification of CGA and other compounds in pilot or large-scale operations.

Extraction Methods for the Isolation of Isoflavonoids from Plant Material

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to describe and compare selected traditional and modern extraction methods employed in the isolation of isoflavonoids from plants. Conventional methods such as maceration, percolation, or Soxhlet extraction are still frequently used in phytochemical analysis. Despite their flexibility, traditional extraction techniques have significant drawbacks, including the need for a significant investment of time, energy, and starting material, and a requirement for large amounts of potentially toxic solvents. Moreover, these techniques are difficult to automate, produce considerable amount of waste and pose a risk of degradation of thermolabile compounds. Modern extraction methods, such as: ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and negative pressure cavitation extraction, can be regarded as remedies for the aforementioned problems. This manuscript discusses the use of the most relevant extraction techniques in the process of isolation of isoflavonoids, secondary metabolites that have been found to have a plethora of biological and pharmacological activities.

Efficient extraction and preparative separation of four main isoflavonoids from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen leaves by deep eutectic solvents-based negative pressure cavitation extraction followed by macroporous resin column chromatography.

In this study, green and efficient deep eutectic solvent-based negative pressure cavitation-assisted extraction (DES-NPCE) followed by macroporous resin column chromatography was developed to extract and separate four main isoflavonoids, i.e. prunetin, tectorigenin, genistein and biochanin A from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen leaves. The extraction procedure was optimized systematically by single-factor experiments and a Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology. The maximum extraction yields of prunetin, tectorigenin, genistein and biochanin A reached 1.204, 1.057, 0.911 and 2.448mg/g dry weight, respectively. Moreover, the direct enrichment and separation of four isoflavonoids in DES extraction solution was successfully achieved by macroporous resin AB-8 with recovery yields of more than 80%. The present study provides a convenient and efficient method for the green extraction and preparative separation of active compounds from plants.

Negative-Pressure Cavitation Extraction of Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside from Flaxseed Cakes.

The negative-pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) technique was applied firstly to extract secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed cakes. The significant extraction parameters were screened by fractional factorial design (FFD). The optimal parameters were determined using the central composite design (CCD) with the two variables, NaOH amount and the liquid/solid ratio. The conditions of the extraction were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield and the extraction purity of SDG was 16.25 mg/g and 3.86%, respectively. The efficiency of NPCE was compared with that of conventional extraction methods. Our results demonstrated that NPCE was comparable to the well-known ultrasound-assisted extraction in term of extraction yield and purity. This extraction technique has advantages of less time-consuming, low solvent usage and high throughput capability.

Homogenate-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of active compounds from Pyrola incarnata Fisch. and the extraction kinetics study

Abstract A new extraction method, homogenate-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction, was designed to extract the main active compounds from Pyrola incarnata Fisch. The influential parameters were optimized by single factor experiments and extraction kinetics. Optimal conditions were set as follows: homogenate time of 120 s, negative pressure of − 0.05 MPa, liquid/solid ratio of 30:1 mL/g, ethanol concentration at 60%, extraction temperature of 50 °C and extraction time of 25 min. Maximum extraction yields of hyperin, 2″-O-galloylhyperin and chimaphilin reached 1.205 ± 0.054, 4.961 ± 0.108 and 0.291 ± 0.016 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. HNPCE extract had the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 0.144 ± 0.017 mg/mL. The present results showed that HNPCE could be a promising extraction technique used in the extraction of active compounds from plants. Industrial relevance In this work we showed a new extraction method, homogenate-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction. This novel extraction technique also processes the advantages of potential eco-friendly technology, lower energy consumption, easy operation, shorter time and higher efficiency. It is promising for extensive industry applications in the nature product extraction fields. The results may provide valuable data for industrial scale-up applications.

An effective homogenate-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction for the determination of phenolic compounds in pyrola by LC-MS/MS and the evaluation of its antioxidant activity.

A novel extraction method, homogenate-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), was designed for the extraction and determination of the main phenolic compounds of Pyrola incarnata Fisch. by LC-MS/MS. The particle sizes and extraction yields in the process of homogenization were compared with conventional pulverization. The results showed that homogenization for less than 120 s could produce more suitable particle size powders for analyte extraction. The following NPCE parameters were optimized by a BBD test and under the optimal conditions, the maximum extraction yields of arbutin, epicatechin, hyperin, 2'-O-galloylhyperin and chimaphilin increased by 68.7%, 72.0%, 43.3%, 62.5% and 34.5% with respect to normal NPCE. The LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied for the quantification of five target compounds in pyrola, and the results of the precision test indicated a high accuracy of the present method for the quantification of the target compounds in pyrola. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the pyrola extracts were also determined. The results showed that pyrola had good antioxidant activities and it was a valuable antioxidant natural source.

Homogenate-assisted negative-pressure cavitation extraction for determination of organic acids and flavonoids in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) by LC–MS/MS

In the present study, a homogenate-assisted negative-pressure cavitation extraction (H-NPCE) is developed for the extraction and determination of the main organic acids and flavonoids in honeysuckle by LC–MS/MS. The influential parameters of the H-NPCE procedure were optimized, and the optimal conditions were as follows: homogenate time 45s, negative pressure −0.07MPa, ethanol concentration 70%, liquid/solid ratio 20:1mL/g, NPCE time 20min and 3 extraction cycles. Furthermore, a rapid LC–MS/MS analysis method was established and validated, and it exhibited satisfactory linearity (R2>0.996), precision (RSD⩽4.87%) and recovery (96.94–104.32%). H-NPCE followed by LC–MS/MS was successfully applied for the extraction and quantification of ten organic acids and flavonoids in honeysuckle. This work provided a fast and effective method for the sample preparation and determination of active components from plants.

A pilot-scale homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides

This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure −0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). Moreover, FT-IR results showed that HNPCE method did not alter the primary structure of polysaccharides. Furthermore, the pilot-scale application of HNPCE was successfully performed with 16.62% of APs yield. Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry.

Optimization of enzyme-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of five main indole alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus leaves and its pilot-scale application

In this paper, a novel and green enzyme-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (E-NPCE) of five main indole alkaloids vindoline (VDL), catharanthine (CTR), vincristine (VCR), vinblastine (VLB) and anhydravinblastine (AVLB) from Catharanthus roseus leaves was investigated. The incubation conditions were studied using Box–Behnken design (BBD) with response surface methodology (RSM), which revealed these as follows: enzyme amount 0.61% (CB&P, w/w of anhydration material), pH 4.73, incubation temperature 35.87°C and time 8.62h. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yields of VDL, CTR, VCR, VLB and AVLB reached 4.940±0.215, 6.283±0.307, 0.049±0.002, 0.066±0.003 and 0.038±0.001mg/g, which represented an increase of 38.8%, 51.5%, 48.4%, 37.5% and 58.3%, compared to standard NPCE, respectively. Moreover, this extraction method was also applied on pilot-scale extraction and their yields were 4.761±0.227, 6.093±0.294, 0.047±0.002, 0.064±0.003 and 0.039±0.001mg/g, respectively. Thus, it demonstrated that E-NPCE could be an alternative method for natural compounds extraction and the most important thing is that this method can be applied to industrial produce.

An effective negative pressure cavitation-microwave assisted extraction for determination of phenolic compounds in P. calliantha H. Andr.

A novel negative pressure and microwave assisted extraction technique (NMAE) was first proposed and applied for extraction of phenolic compounds from pyrola. [C₄MIM]BF₄ aqueous solution was selected as extraction solvent. Optimal extraction conditions were microwave power 700 W, negative pressure -0.07 MPa, temperature 40 °C, liquid-solid ratio 20 : 1, ionic liquid (IL) concentration 0.5 M, extraction time 15 min. The predominance of NMAE was investigated by comparing with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) using a first-order kinetics equation. The C∞ values of the target compounds by NMAE were from 0.406 to 5.977 mg g⁻¹ higher than these by MAE and NPCE, which indicated that NMAE had higher extraction yields. The K values of NMAE were also the highest; it was testified that the target compounds could be transferred from matrix into solvent much more effectively by NMAE than by MAE and NPCE. In addition, the NMAE method was validated in terms of repeatability and reproducibility, the relative standard deviation for relative recovery was lower than 5.43 and 8.78%, respectively. Therefore, NMAE was a developed extraction technique for analytical sample preparation. The RP-HPLC-UV method was also successfully applied for the quantification of six target compounds in pyrola.