As one of the means of urban rail transit, the subway plays a very important role in alleviating urban traffic pressure. With the continuous improvement of subway train speed, the pressure loads on platform screen doors (PSDs) are significant for the safety of subway line operation and the development of high-speed subways. In this study, taking a high-speed subway line as the research object, the aerodynamic pressures on the PSD are studied by experimental and numerical methods. The influence of the train's speed passing through the station, the distance between PSD and the central line of the track, and the air shaft at both ends of the station on the aerodynamic pressure of PSD are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the peak positive and peak negative pressures on the PSD are caused by the head and tail of the train passing through the PSD, respectively. The peak pressure on the PSD is proportional to the square of the train speed. Moreover, the peak value basically decreases along the length of the platform and uniformly distributed in the vertical direction. For a high-speed subway line, the peak aerodynamic pressure of the PSD of the overtaking station can be reduced by increasing the distance between PSD and the central line of the track. Moreover, the air shaft at the exit of the station has little effect on the PSD's aerodynamic pressure. However, when the air shaft at the station entrance is closed, the peak positive pressure of the PSD decreases, and the peak negative pressure increases. Therefore, in the high-speed subway line, the air shaft should be set at both the subway station entrance and exit.