Non-significant Negative Correlation Research Articles

Insect Pest Complex on Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.) and their Correlation with Weather Parameters in Medziphema, Nagaland

Field experiment was conducted to study the insect pest complex and their incidence on cauliflower during rabi season of 2021-2022 in the Entomological farm, SASRD, Medziphema, Nagaland. Fourteen insect pests were found to attack the crop at different stages of crop growth. Out of these, Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae and Cabbage butterfly, Pieris spp. were considered as major insect pests of cauliflower. The peak population of Green peach aphid (8.74 aphids/leaf) and Cabbage butterfly (4.10 larva /plant) was observed on 17th December and 12th February, respectively. The population of Myzus persicae showed a non-significant negative relation with maximum (r = -0.320) and minimum (r = -0.311) temperature, while positive relation with maximum (r = 0.028) and minimum (r = 0.249) relative humidity as well as rainfall (r = 0.021). The population of Pieris spp. showed a non-significant negative correlation with maximum (r = -0.484) temperature, whereas a significant negative correlation was observed with minimum (r = -0.550) temperature. Correlation of relative humidity with the incidence of Pieris spp. exhibited a non-significant negative correlation with maximum (r = -0.078) and minimum (r = -0.162) relative humidity, while rainfall exhibited a non-significant positive correlation (r = 0.235).

Cognitive functions in Arabic-speaking children with velopharyngeal insufficiency and their impact on speech intelligibility

BackgroundPatients with orofacial cleft are at high risk for neurobehavioral problems including learning disability, impaired language function, psychosocial adjustment issues, and persistently reduced academic achievement. All these factors may be related to decrease intellectual abilities of those patients. The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) leads to affection of speech intelligibility due to atypical consonant productions, abnormal nasal resonance, nasal air emission, compensatory articulatory mechanism, and facial grimace.ObjectiveThis study aimed at assessing the cognitive functions of patients with (VPI) and their effect on speech intelligibility.MethodologyFifty patients with (VPI) were selected from the Outpatient Clinic of the Phoniatric Unit in Assiut University Hospital. All patients were evaluated by protocol of nasality assessment including auditory perceptual assessment of speech, assessment of overall intelligibility of speech, nasoendoscopy, and psychometric evaluation.ResultsThe mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients with VPI was 75.2 ± 14.5 with a range between 41 and 107. The main defect was present in quantitative potential and then verbal ability followed by visual ability with memory having the highest mean. Patients with repaired cleft palate had the highest score (86.53 ± 9.96), while the least score was reported among those with velopharyngeal disproportion (72.50 ± 9.59). There was a nonsignificant negative correlation between IQ degree and speech unintelligibility (p = 0.82).ConclusionAbout half of the patients with (VPI) have below average mentality. Patients with repaired cleft palate had the highest (IQ) score. Increased (IQ) score was accompanied by decreased speech unintelligibility, although it does not reach the level of significance.

Seasonal Incidence of Insect Pests of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller)

A field experiment was conducted at Entomology research field, IANS, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur during Rabi, 2022, for studying the seasonal incidence of insect pests infesting tomato. Serpentine leaf miner, aphid appeared during 46th SMW and whitefly, jassid during 48th SMW, while fruit borer was observed during 2nd SMW. Correlation study revealed that Serpentine leaf miner, whitefly, aphid, jassid and fruit borer witnessed significant positive correlation with the maximum temperature and minimum temperature. Serpentine leaf miner and fruit borer recorded negative non-significant correlation with the morning relative humidity and evening relative humidity. Whitefly, jassid and aphid population had significant negative correlation with the morning relative humidity. Whitefly and jassid population registered a significant negative correlation with evening relative humidity. Aphid incidence had a non-significant negative correlation with the evening relative humidity. However, all the insect pests showed non-significant correlation with the rainfall.

Ceruloplasmin and some biochemical parameters as a marker for acute myeloid leukemic patients

Acute myeloid leukemia is a second type of leukemia and has more effect on elder patients than adult. This research's objective was to measure the serum levels of ceruloplasmin (CP), ferritin (FR), vitamin B12 (VitB12), folic acid (FA), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in acute myeloid leukemic patients (AML) (before and after taking chemotherapy) and healthy control groups. In this study, about (160) blood samples (males and females) were collected from acute myeloid leukemic patients in Erbil’s Nanakali hospital and they were separated into four groups: Group 1 (G1) including (40) Apparently healthy control group, Group 2 (G2) include (40) acute myeloid leukemic patients before taking chemotherapy (new cases), Group 3 (G3) include (40) acute myeloid leukemia patients taking chemotherapy for one cycle, and Group 4 (G4) include (40) acute myeloid leukemic patients with taking chemotherapy for more than one cycle. The outcomes display a significant increase in serum concentration of ceruloplasmin, ferritin, vitamin B12, and iron in all patient groups when compared with control groups. While the serum concentration of folic acid, zinc, and copper decreased in all patient groups when compared with the healthy control group. In addition, the correlation analysis displays that there was a significant positive correlation between ceruloplasmin with ferritin, vitamin B12, and iron, on another hand have a non-significant negative correlation between ceruloplasmin with folic acid, zinc, and copper. According to the present study, there was a direct correlation between AML patients with the serum levels of CP, FR, VitB12, FA, Zn, Cu, and Fe. A high area under the curve of our data suggests that testing for (CP, FR, VitB12, FA, Cu, and Fe) could be helpful to detect AML. However, zinc is not a good biomarker for detecting AML patients.

Description of the Quality of Life of Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah.

Objective Stroke is a serious medical condition that causes long-term morbidity and disability. There are two types of stroke, i.e., ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5% of all stroke cases worldwide. Stroke survivors may experience cognitive dysfunction in many forms. Evidence regarding the quality of life (QoL) of patients post-SAH in the Middle East is limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the quality of life in patients with SAH at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from April 2021 to October 2021. Methods We included patients who were diagnosed with SAH ≤ 10 years prior at our hospital and were admitted within 72 hours of the ictus. Patients were included using non-probability convenience sampling without randomization. We collected the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), World Federation of Neurosurgeons (WFNS), and Modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (MGOS) scores. Results We included 48 patients (mean age: 49.78 ± 19.44 years, male proportion: 62.5%). More than 50% of the participants had comorbidities. The mean baseline GCS, WFNS, and MGOS scores at admission were 12.62 ± 3.56, 2.19 ± 1.54, and 3.58 ± 1.67, respectively. Women had significantly higher MGOS scores than men (p ≤ 0.05). Death was significantly associated with low MGOS scores (p ≤ 0.05). Age showed a non-significant negative correlation with the MGOS score (r = - 0.17, p-value = 0.24). Finally, the MGOS score was significantly correlated with the baseline GCS and WFNS scores at admission (r = 0.68 and r = - 0.67, respectively). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that a low MGOS score, which indicates more comorbidities, greatly affects the quality of life of patients with SAH. Moreover, the baseline GCS score was the best prognostic predictor for patients with SAH.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index, Metal Elements, and Antioxidant Capacity of Semen on The Human Sperm Chromatin.

Sperm chromatin abnormalities are defects in nuclear maturation and DNA integrity. These defects originated from defective spermatogenesis due to a lack of DNA repair during chromatin remodeling. Changes in semen elements can cause damage to chromatin. There is little information about the relationship between changes in trace metal elements and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with sperm chromatin damage. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between Selenium (Se), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and the TAC of semen with the status of human sperm chromatin. In this experimental study, semen samples (n=30) were collected from healthy men referred to Kermanshah Motazadi Hospital and stored in liquid nitrogen; after thawing and centrifugation, sperm were separated. The atomic absorption method was used to measure the concentration of metal elements. The TAC was evaluated using the ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity of the plasma method. Furthermore, the integrity of sperm chromatin was measured using the sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) method. The status of sperm chromatin had a non-significant correlation with body mass index (BMI, P=0.25, r=0.21) and a non-significant negative correlation with sperm count (P=0.71, r=-0.71) and motility (P=0.75, r=0.61). In addition, there was no significant relationship between sperm chromatin and the TAC of semen (P=0.92, r=0.01). Additionally, there was no significant correlation between Se, Zn, or Cu concentration (P>0.05) and Fe concentration, which had a partially positive relationship with the chromatin state of sperm (P=0.24, r=0.20). The trace metal elements in the seminal fluid did not play a significant role in the status of sperm chromatin.

The effect of water storage on nanoindentation creep of various CAD-CAM composite blocks

BackgroundTo study the effect of water storage (3 months) on the creep deformation of various CAD-CAM composite structures at the nanoscale and compare it to that at the macroscale.MethodsSeven CAD-CAM blocks were investigated: five resin-composite blocks (RCB), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, and one ceramic-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) block. Specimens of each material (n = 6) were separated into two groups (n = 3) according to their storage conditions (24 h dry storage at 23˚C and 3 months storage in 37˚C distilled water). Nano-indentation creep measurements were undertaken (creep depth measured in µm) using a nanoindenter (Nanovea) equipped with Berkovich three-sided pyramidal diamond tip. The machine was set for the chosen parameters: a load of 20 gf, a pause of 20 s, and the material type. Thirty indentations on 3 samples were made for each material for each test. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests and independent t-test (< 0.05) for comparisons between the materials.ResultsThe nanoindentation creep depth after 24 h storage ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 μm and increased after 3 months storage in distilled water to between 0.28 and 3.46 μm. There was a statistically significant difference in nanoindentation creep behaviour between the two storage conditions for each investigated material (independent t-test) and between all materials (Bonferroni post hoc). There was a non-significant negative correlation between nanoindentation creep (µm) and filler weight% at 24 h dry storage but a significant correlation at 3 months of water storage. A further non-significant positive correlation between nanoindentation creep (µm) and bulk compressive creep (%) was found.ConclusionThe PICN material showed superior dimensional stability in terms of nanoindentation creep depth in both storage conditions. Other composite blocks showed comparable performance at 24 h dry condition, but an increased nanoindentation creep upon water storage.

Reading the mind in the eyes and cognitive ability in schizophrenia- and autism spectrum disorders.

Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by difficulties in theory of mind (ToM). We examined group differences in performance on a ToM-related test and associations with an estimated IQ. Participants [N = 1227, SZ (n = 563), ASD (n = 159), and controls (n = 505), 32.2% female] completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and assessments of cognitive ability. Associations between IQ and group on RMET were investigated with regression analyses. SZ (d = 0.73, p < 0.001) and ASD (d = 0.37, p < 0.001) performed significantly worse on the RMET than controls. SZ performed significantly worse than ASD (d = 0.32, p = 0.002). Adding IQ to the model, SZ (d = 0.60, p < 0.001) and ASD (d = 0.44, p < 0.001) continued to perform significantly worse than controls, but no longer differed from each other (d = 0.13, p = 0.30). Small significant negative correlations between symptom severity and RMET performance were found in SZ (PANSS positive: r = -0.10, negative: r = -0.11, both p < 0.05). A small non-significant negative correlation was found for Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores and RMET in ASD (r = -0.08, p = 0.34). SZ and ASD are characterized by impairments in RMET. IQ contributed significantly to RMET performance and accounted for group differences in RMET between SZ and ASD. This suggests that non-social cognitive ability needs to be included in comparative studies of the two disorders.

Correlation of Diabetes Related Factors with Vitamin D and Immunological Parameters in T2DM Kashmiri Population.

In this study, the role of inflammatory biomarkers and vitamin D in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their correlation with diabetes related factors (HbA1c, FPG, and insulin) was analysed. In this study, Kashmiri patients with T2DM and healthy individuals were considered as cases (n = 100) and controls (n = 100)respectively. Blood samples from both groups were collected, inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, CRP), as well as serum vitamin D levels, were estimated by ELISA. From our results it was revealed that patients with T2DM had significantly lower serum vitamin D levels than control groups (p<0.05). Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including TNF-α and CRP, were seen to be elevated reaching a level of statistical significance (p<0.05). On correlating the HbA1c, FPG and insulin with TNF-α, CRP and vitamin D, significant positive correlation (p<0.05) was found between TNF-α and CRP with HbA1c and FPG in patients, non-significant positive correlation (p>0.05) was observed between insulin with TNF-α, and vitamin D and weak negative correlation with CRPin case study group. On correlating the impact of vitamin D on HbA1c and FPG levels, non-significant weak negative correlation was observed in patient group than controls, indicating that patients with lower vitamin D levels have higher HbA1c, showing that lower vitamin D have some role in etiology of T2DM.

Association of Vitamin D and Calcium Levels with Thyroid Status in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia

Thyroid dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disorder worldwide. Thyroid hormone has a crucial role in maintaining a wide array of metabolic homeostasis. In addition to calcium and bone metabolism, vitamin D influences nonskeletal activities, including the thyroid gland. Therefore, hypovitaminosis D is considered a risk factor for the emergence of many thyroid dysfunctions. In this investigation, we aimed to investigate the association of vitamin D and serum calcium levels with thyroid dysfunction. In this investigation, 2,735 (1,438 females and 1,297 males) laboratory findings from the public, government hospital laboratories, and medical clinics serving chronic patients in the south region (Asir region) of Saudi Arabia were screened over the course of one year. The vitamin D level was significantly lower in both female and male patients in the hypothyroidism category than in the hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism groups. The influence of total serum calcium level was not significant in any thyroid dysfunction category. A high prevalence of normal levels of total serum calcium was observed in all thyroid status groups. A partial correlation between total serum calcium and vitamin D and TSH among thyroid dysfunction patients demonstrated a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and TSH and a nonsignificant negative correlation between total serum calcium level and TSH among hypothyroidism categories. However, in the hypothyroidism group, total serum calcium demonstrated a negative correlation with TSH, while vitamin D showed a positive correlation with TSH.

Correlation between physical activity levels and clinical variables in stroke survivors

Increased levels of physical inactivity leads to increased disability level which results to decreased in balance status among stroke survivors. Balance problems are major co-morbidities stroke survivors are posed with. The current study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of physical activity profile and selected clinical variables of stroke survivors ; disability level, balance status and duration of stroke in selected tertiary hospitals in Anambra State, Nigeria. Sixty-eight (68) participants were recruited for this study of which 46 were males and 22 were were females. Physical activity level were measured using a 7-day International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF), Clinical variables like disability level were measured using Modified Rankin Scale, balance status were measured using Berg Balance Scale. Demographic data were collected which included weight, height, BMI and duration of stroke. The data was tabulated, analyzed statistically and discussed. It was found that physical activity level showed significant positive correlation in clinical variable like balance status, significant negative correlation was found between physical activity level and disability level, also between balance and disability level, non-significant negative correlation was found between physical activity level and duration of stroke incidence. In conclusion, physical activity showed a significant decrease in disability level and balance status. Developing strategies needed to promote and maintain physical activity in stroke survivors as well as potency of physical activity are important to decrease disability level and improve muscle strength adequate enough to maintain balance and good posture. Balance is greatly affected in sitting and high level of disability.

Correlation of Hepcidin with Hemoglobin and Iron Parameters in Iraqi Patients with Beta -Thalassemia major

Background: Thalassemia is characterized by genetic abnormalities in the synthesis of hemoglobin, leading to a decrease or missing production of one or more in the globin chains. Consequently, this disrupts the synthesis of hemoglobin molecules, resulting in anemia, which is a prominent manifestation of thalassemia. Iron is an essential element for cellular health and is involved in various functions, including oxygen transportation, biomolecule synthesis, respiration, and homeostasis. Hepcidin, a low molecular weight peptide produced in the liver, plays a crucial role in regulating iron homeostasis. Objectives: Study the correlation of Hepcidin with Hemoglobin, Ferritin, and Iron Parameters in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia major. Methods: The serum ferritin of all subjects was measured by the ELFA technique (Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay), Serum Hepcidin is measured by the ELISA kit, and Iron, UIBC as well as TIBC are measured via colorimetric methods. Results: The { mean ± SD } of Ages and Genders among Patients with healthy groups were not significant. The { mean ± SD } of Hb and serum levels of Iron, UIBC, TIBC, Hepcidin concentration, and BMI between Patients and healthy groups were statistically significant. The study results of the correlation between Hepcidin and other markers in the beta-thalassemia patient's group showed a non-significant negative correlation of hepcidin with TIBC and UIBC. while there is a non-significant weak correlation between hepcidin with Hb and Ferritin. and the results have shown a non-significant positive correlation between hepcidin and Iron. Conclusion: In this study showed a marked reduction in hemoglobin production and high levels of Iron and Ferritin concentration, while the concentration of TIBC and UIBC was observed to decrease in individuals with this disease compared to healthy individuals. This study showed low hepcidin concentration in ?-TM major patients compared to healthy subjects. &#x0D;

Association Study and Direct - Indirect Effects of Characters for Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The results indicated that the seed yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with most of the traits like days to 50% flowering, plant height, filled grains per panicle, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, flag leaf width, numbers of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length and 100 seed weight, representing the importance of these traits for development of great yielding varieties in contrast the trait spikelet sterility has been reported negative and significant association with yield trait and unfilled grains per panicle and flag leaf length reported a negative non-significant correlation with yield. Path coefficient analysis results showed that the direct positive effect on yield was recorded by the traits, effective tillers per plant, 100 seed weight, Number of grains per panicle, and most of the traits.

1340-P: Complications 30 Years from Diagnosis amongst Participants in the Cognition and Longitudinal Assessment of Risk Factors over 30 Years (CLARiFY) Study

There are few longitudinal cohort studies in type 1 diabetes that originate in the immediate post-DCCT era. We recruited participants who had initially presented with childhood onset type 1 diabetes (&amp;lt;15 yr age) to a tertiary hospital in Australia between 1990-1992 into the Cognition and Longitudinal Assessment of Risk Factors over 30 Years (CLARiFY) Study. Microvascular co-morbidity outcomes were measured using a clinical neuropathy screening tool and spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratios (ACR). In this interim study, 56 participants had complete neuropathy screening. 7/56 (12.5%) met the criteria for neuropathy with the mean (SD) HbA1c of 8.57 (1.49) compared to 8.04 (1.46) in the non-neuropathy participants (p-value=0.41). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess pairwise associations between HbA1c and continuous neuropathy outcomes and observed non-significant negative correlations between HbA1c and vibration (r=-0.12, P=0.38). Of the 56 participants with neuropathy measurements, 40 also had urine albumin-creatinine ratios (ACR). 27/40 (67.5%) had normal ACR (ACR&amp;lt;3 mg/mmol) with HbA1c of 7.8 (1.3); 10/40 (25.0%) had microalbuminuria (3 mg/mmol&amp;lt;ACR&amp;lt;30 mg/mmol) with HbA1c of 10.3 (2.3); and 3/40 (7.5%) had macroalbuminuria (ACR&amp;gt;30 mg/mmol) with HbA1c of 10.3 (2.3). Using a one-way ANOVA test, HbA1c was significantly different between the three groups (p-value = 0.01.). Using the ACR as a continuous variable, the Pearson's correlation coefficient with A1c was 0.49 (p-value= 0.001). Collectively, these data show that in a cohort of type 1 adults diagnosed in childhood, elevations of ACR are more common and associate with glycemic control when compared to measures of neuropathy. Disclosure A.Brown: None. E.L.Feldman: None. E.L.Reynolds: None. O.Gbadeyan: None. C.Moran: None. S.A.Sakowski: None. V.Srikanth: None. E.A.Northam: None. F.Cameron: None. R.Beare: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK129320)

Abundance of Major Insect Pests in Rice and Their Relation to Weather Parameters

The present investigation has been conducted in rice crop during Kharif 2021-22at Students’ Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.), India. The population of six major insect pests was recorded viz. Rice Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulus), Rice Leaf folder (Cnapholocrocis medinalis), Rice ear head bug (Leptocorisa acuta), Brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), White backed plant hopper (Sogatella furcifera)and Green leaf hopper (Nephotettix nigropictus) that cause most damage at different crop growth stages initiated after sowing till harvesting. The maximum population of yellow stemborer was observed on rice crop at 36th SMW (12.20 per cent dead heart). The infestation of dead heart was non-significant positively correlated with minimum, maximum temperature and RH% (0.433, 0.010 &amp; 0.253 respectively) and negatively correlated with rain fall (0.081) whereas, significant negatively correlated with sunshine (0.552*). The maximum population white ear in 40th SMW (16.80 per cent). The infestation of white ear was non-significant negative correlation with minimum, maximum temperature (-0.062, -0.167) and positive correlation with RH &amp; rain fall (0.244 &amp; 0.173) whereas, significant positive correlation with sunshine (0.703*). Maximum leaf folder population was observed during 35th SMW (16.35 per cent). and infestation of leaf folder was non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature &amp; RH (0.427 &amp; 0.505) and negative correlation with maximum temperature, rainfall and sunshine (-0.079, -0.030 &amp; -0.291). The maximum population was recorded of ear head bug in 38th SMW i.e., (10.90 ear head bug/hill respectively.). The infestation of ear head bug was non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature, RH, rainfall &amp; sunshine (0.061, 0.176, 0.155 &amp; 0.210) and negative correlation with maximum temperature (-0.407). The peak mean population of BPH was recorded in 37th SMW i.e., (11.25 brown plant hopper/hill respectively.) Itwas non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature &amp; RH (0.463 &amp; 0.357) and negative correlation with maximum temperature &amp; rainfall (-0.066 &amp; -0.088) whereas, significant negative correlation with sunshine (-0.597*), The peak mean population of WBPH was recorded in 38th SMW i.e., (12.80 white backed plant hopper/hill respectively.) It was non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature, RH &amp; rainfall (0.300, 0.337 &amp; 0.185) and negative correlation with maximum temperature (-0.300) whereas, significant negative correlation with sunshine (-0.094*) and the maximum population of green leaf hopper was recorded in 37th SMW i.e., (10.80 green leaf hopper/hill respectively.) with the infestation of green leaf hopperwas non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature &amp; RH (0.479 &amp; 0.369) and negative correlation with maximum temperature &amp; rainfall (-0.077 &amp; -0.120) whereas, significant negative correlation with sunshine (-0.633*).

Tooth wear in relation to physical salivary characteristics among gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a quite prevalent gastrointestinal disease, among which gastric content (excluding the air) returns into the oral cavity. Many 0ral manifestations related t0 this disease include tooth wear, dental caries also changes in salivary flow rate and pH. This study was conducted among gastroesophageal reflux disease patients in order to assess tooth wear in relation to salivary flow rate and pH among these patients and the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease duration on this relation. Materials and methods: One hundred patients participate in this cross-sectional study for both genders and having an age range of 20-40 years old, patients had been endoscopically identified as having gastroesophageal reflux disease using the classification of Los Angeles (LA), who were attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. and divided into two groups: group A with grade severity mucosal breakage not longer than 5 mm and Group B with grade severity mucosal breakage more than 5 mm long, Smith and Knight (1984) tooth wear index criteria were used for the assessment of tooth wear. For measurement of salivary flow rate and pH, saliva sample (unstimulated) had been collected. Results: Of the entire sample (90%) were having tooth wear. Tooth wear was higher in grade B severity than in grade A severity among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease duration of two years or less, while it was higher in grade A than in grade B among patients with a duration of more than two years but all these results were statistically non-significant. Salivary flow rate and pH showed a non-significant reduction with increasing gastroesophageal reflux disease severity for both of groups concerning disease duration. The correlation of total tooth wear with salivary flow rate and pH was a significantly weak negative correlation in grade A, while a nonsignificant weak negative correlation in grade B. Conclusions: The findings of the present study concluded that patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease recorded a high occurrence of tooth wear and there was a negative correlation of tooth wear with salivary flow rate and pH among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Impact of Elevation Change on the Physicochemical Properties of Forest Soil in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The assessment of the distribution of soil physicochemical properties provides basic information for our understanding of the soils to grow crops and sustain forests and grasslands. The changes in soil physicochemical properties along elevational gradients were studied in a less accessible Sida Forest, southern Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the distribution of soil physicochemical properties along the elevational gradients and to evaluate the fertility status of the soil. Data on soil physicochemical properties were collected from five points (four from each corner and one from the center) of the main plot. A pit of 20 cm × 20 cm was dug at a depth of 0–30 cm and a kilogram of composite soil samples was brought to the Wolkite Soil Testing Laboratory for physicochemical analysis. The results revealed that the physicochemical properties of the collected soil samples show a significant correlation with elevation changes. Sand had a significantly negative correlation and variation with elevation; it decreases as elevation increases with the rate of correlation (r = −0.44 ∗ ∗ , P ≤ 0.001 ). However, silt had a nonsignificantly positive (r = 0.20, P &lt; 0.079 ) correlation to the elevation, while clay had a significantly positive correlation to elevation, and it increases as elevation increases with the rate of correlation coefficient (r = 0.40 ∗ ∗ , P ≤ 0.001 ). Soil OC, OM, TN, CEC, and exchangeable Mg2+ had significant positive correlation to the elevation; they increase as elevation increases with the rate of correlation coefficient (r = 0.42 ∗ ∗ , P ≤ 0.001 ), (r = 0.41 ∗ ∗ , P ≤ 0.001 ), (r = 0.44 ∗ ∗ , P ≤ 0.001 ), (r = 0.34 ∗ ∗ , P &lt; 0.002 ), and (r = 0.27 ∗ , P &lt; 0.014 ), respectively. While BD, pH, EC, Av. P, exchangeable Ca2+, and exchangeable K+ had a nonsignificant negative correlation to the elevation, they decrease as elevation increases with the rate of correlation (r = −0.70 ∗ ∗ , P &lt; 0.134 ), (r = −0.20, P &lt; 0.075 ), (r = −0.05, P &lt; 0.683 ), (r = −0.04, P &lt; 0.701 ), (r = −0.04, P &lt; 0.693 ), and (r = −0.053, P &lt; 0.693 ), respectively. This study attempted to provide information on the impact of elevation on soil’s physicochemical properties. Given that, the soil’s physicochemical properties exhibit variation with elevation changes.

Occurrence of Aphid, &lt;i&gt;Aphis gossypii&lt;/i&gt; Glover and Coccinellids on Isabgol

Aphid Aphis gossypii Glover was found to be the major pest of isabgol in the semi-arid regions of the Rajasthan. The infestation of aphid initiated from 2nd standard meteorological week (SMW) with 6 aphids/ plant and fluctuated till 13th SMW. The peak activity of aphids observed on 8th SMW which gradually reached to the level of 56.13 aphids/ plant and thereafter gradually decreased up to 7.87 aphids/plant in the fourth week of March when the crop matured. The activities of three coccinellid beetles viz. Brumoides suturalis Fabricius, Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius and Coccinella septempunctata Fabricius were also studied, and their peak population was noticed from 8th to 10th SMW (19th February to 5th March, 2022). The significant positive correlation of aphid population was found with bright sunshine and all three species of coccinellids. C. sexmaculata and C. septempunctata have the significant positive correlation with bright sunshine, maximum temperature and average temperature while negative non-significant correlation with relative humidity.

Study the Influence of Smoking in Male on Sperm Chromatin Immaturity and ICSI Outcomes

Cigarette smoke contains a substance which is a toxic mutagenic chemical, and carcinogenic compounds, which have a negative effect on male fertility. Smoking cigarettes is associated with noticeably higher levels of the oxidative stress-causing reactive oxygen species in the seminal fluid. Because of this, smoking may cause changes to the sperm plasma membrane and a significant amount of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation. To study the influence of smoking on sperm chromatin immaturity and ICSI outcomes (fertilization rate, embryo grading and pregnancy rate). At the laboratories of the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies and after 1-7 days of sexual abstinence, 92 males’ sperm samples were taken. After liquefaction, macro- and microscopic studies were carried out, criteria applied by the WHO 2021. Masturbation was used to obtain the sample, which was then placed in sterile containers. The relationship between the smoking and chromatin immaturity and ICSI outcomes have been evaluated. A significant positive correlation between smoking status and sperm chromatin immaturity. Furthermore, there was a negative non-significant correlation between smoking status and fertilization rate. Weak and non-significant correlations between smoking status and embryo grade 2 as well as embryo grade 3. There was a positive association between smoking status and embryo grade 1. The sperm chromatin integrity was significantly lower in the non-smoker group compared to the smoker group.

Erythrocytic, Enzymatic, and Histological Markers of Oxidative Stress in Subacute and Chronic Stage Infections in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Trypanosomiasis is a complex of diseases caused by a haemoprotozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance. One of the leading factors that cause morbidity and death in trypanosomiasis is oxidative stress. The oxidative stress biomarkers in trypanosomiasis at the subacute and chronic stages of infection were investigated in this study. A total of twenty-four Wistar rats were used; the animals were placed in two groups: group A (subacute and chronic) and group B (control). The weight and body temperature of the experimental animals were determined using a digital weighing balance and thermometer. A hematology analyzer was used to determine the erythrocyte indices. Spectrophotometry was used to estimate enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) activities in the serum, kidney, and liver of experimental animals. Liver, kidney, and spleen were harvested and analyzed for histological changes. The mean body weight of the infected decreased compared to the control (P < 0.05). The mean body temperature of infected individuals increased (35-37°C) compared to the control (P < 0.05). The erythrocyte indices of the infected and control groups indicate a significant decrease (P < 0.05). In erythrocyte indices, only MCHC indicated a nonsignificant decrease (P > 0.05). The SOD of serum shows a significant increase (P < 0.05), and no significant increase SOD (P > 0.05) in kidney and the liver SOD indicates a significant decrease (P < 0.05). The serum, kidney, and liver show a significant increase (P < 0.05) in CAT. The serum GSH from the findings indicates a nonsignificant increase (P > 0.05), and the kidney and liver GSH shows a significant increase (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis for SOD shows nonsignificant negative correlation for serum/kidney, and the serum/liver and kidney/liver show significant positive correlation. The result of CAT shows significant correlations for serum and kidney, serum and liver, and kidney/liver with a positive correlation. The GSH result shows no significant negative correlation for serum/kidney and no significant positive correlation for serum/liver and kidney/liver. The histological damage in the kidney, liver, and spleen was much higher in the chronic stage than in the subacute stage and no tissue damage in the control group. In conclusion, subacute and chronic stage trypanosome infection is associated with changes in hematological indices, antioxidants of the liver, spleen and kidney, and histological architecture.