Negative Moderating Effect Research Articles

Health IT in our daily life: impact of mobile phone use on the emotions and compliance of diabetes patients

PurposeLeveraging information technology (IT) to improve the treatment and support of patients is a widely studied topic in healthcare. For chronic diseases, such as diabetes, the use of information technology is even more important since its effect extends from a clinic environment to patients’ daily life. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of one widely adopted information technology, the mobile phone, on diabetes treatment, specifically on the complicated process of patients’ health, emotions and compliance.Design/methodology/approachWe leverage a unique longitudinal dataset on diabetes patients’ health status in rural areas of China to study the problem. We also cross-link the dataset with mobile carrier data to further differentiate mobile phone use to phone calls and network use. To address the endogeneity concerns, we apply PSM and a series of instrument variables.FindingsWe identify clear evidence that mobile phone use can significantly improve patients’ emotions and compliance, where the effect is generally larger on patients in worse health conditions. While mobile phone calls clearly benefit diabetes patients, we do notice that mobile phone network use has a negative moderating effect with patients’ health condition on improving compliance.Originality/valueThis study not only enriches our theoretical understanding of the role of mobile phones in diabetes management, it also shows the economic benefit of promoting patients’ use of mobile phones, which should be considered by medical care providers and medical policymakers.

The Relationship between Environmental Regulation, Green-Technology Innovation and Green Total-Factor Productivity—Evidence from 279 Cities in China

This paper employs the SBM-DDF method to measure the index of green total-factor productivity (GTFP), based on the panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, and constructs a spatial Durbin model (SDM) and a threshold effect to empirically test the effects of dual environmental-regulations and green technological innovation on GTFP. The results are as follows: (1) the SDM supports a nonlinear contribution of dual environmental-regulations spillover to GTFP. The relationship between formal environmental-regulation and GTFP is an inverted U-shape, while a U-shaped nonlinear relationship is found between informal environmental regulation and GTFP. (2) Green technology innovation has a significant negative moderating effect on the process of dual environmental-regulations affecting GTFP in local regions, but a positive moderating effect on informal environmental regulation in neighboring regions. (3) There is a significant green technology innovation threshold effect of dual environmental-regulations affecting GTFP. Specifically, the promotion effect of dual environmental-regulations on GFFP gradually increases as the level of green technology innovation increases.

International R&D sourcing, innovation and firm age: The advantage of ‘born-international sourcers’

We study how international knowledge sourcing affects the innovation performance of firms of different ages (from inception to mature). Specifically, we analyze (i) the contribution of international R&D sourcing to product innovations having a high degree of novelty—i.e. products that are new to the market; and (ii) the moderating role of firm age in this relationship. In doing so, we contrast two arguments that have created a debate in the literature: One is that experience plays a key role in successfully managing the inherent complexity of offshoring; another is that firms internationalizing at an early stage enjoy the learning advantages of newness. Based on a panel of over 9000 firms based in Spain spanning from 2008 to 2016, our findings indicate that international R&D sourcing is positively related to product innovations having a high degree of novelty, and that firm age exerts a negative moderating effect on the international R&D sourcing-innovation relationship. These results allow us to conclude that the innovation benefits of internationalizing the acquisition of knowledge are greater for younger firms. We identify the advantage of firms performing international R&D sourcing during their early stages and introduce the concept of ‘born-international sourcers’, to identify firms that engage in international sourcing strategies from an early stage.

The moderating effect of the university perceived support environment on entrepreneurial behavior

ABSTRACT This article aims to evaluate the moderating effect exerted by students’ perceptions of the university support environment on the relationship between their respective entrepreneurial characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions. The subjective norms associated with the university support environment encompass perceptions on teaching activities, research, and outreach that can help shape entrepreneurial behaviour. The empirical assessment was carried out through the estimation of Structural Equations. The sample comprises 1,012 observations with undergraduate students from Brazilian universities across the country’s five macro-regions. The results indicate a positive impact of entrepreneurial characteristics on entrepreneurial intention but a negative moderating effect of perceived university support. This result is due to students’ negative evaluation of university support, which also reflects negative moderation. Our findings shed light on the complexity of creating an academic environment conducive to entrepreneurial behaviour, especially in Brazilian public universities.

Can Family Involvement Improve Business Performance? Based on the Dual Moderating Effects of Overseas Experience and Charitable Donations

In the post-pandemic era, it will become normal for family enterprises to seek innovative development. They have become more committed to building socially responsible companies and are more willing to actively promote corporate values in order to create long-term benefits. Therefore, this paper uses listed family companies entering the intergenerational succession period from 2018 to 2020 as the research object and empirically tests the influence of family involvement on firm performance, as well as the moderating effects of family members’ overseas experiences and family firm’s charitable donation behaviors. The results show that the ownership and management involvement of family members can significantly improve the performance of family enterprises. The overseas experience of family members has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the two, while the charitable giving behavior of family enterprises has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the two. The above research provides countermeasures and reference for family enterprises to realize the family business and the lasting development in the process of intergenerational inheritance, upgrading, and transformation.

Supplier motivation to share knowledge: an experimental investigation of a social exchange perspective

PurposeThis paper draws on social exchange theory to theorise supplier motivation to share knowledge. It examines the effects of supplier anticipated future dependence on their motivation to share knowledge with a buyer, mediated by economic, relational and learning motives. It also examines the conditional effects imposed by the current embeddedness of the relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study tested the proposed moderated mediation model using a scenario-based experimental method.FindingsThe results show that supplier anticipated future dependence increases their motivation to share knowledge, mediated by relational and learning motives. The results also show that current embeddedness has negative moderation effects on economic and learning but not relational motives.Originality/valueThe study deepens our understanding of supplier motivation to share knowledge as social exchange and offers insights on buyer-supplier relationship embeddedness.

Resilience and Optimism as Moderators of the Negative Effects of Stigma on Women Living with HIV.

Resilience and optimism may not only have main effects on health outcomes, but may also moderate and buffer negative effects of stressors. We examined whether dispositional resilience and optimism moderate the associations between HIV-related stigma in health care settings and health-related outcomes (trust in HIV health care providers and depression symptoms) among women living with HIV (WLHIV). One thousand four hundred five WLHIV in nine US cities completed validated questionnaires for cross-sectional analyses. Higher self-reported experienced and anticipated stigma and lower resilience and optimism were associated with higher depression symptoms and with lower trust in HIV providers. Importantly, resilience moderated the effects of experienced stigma (but not of anticipated stigma): When resilience was high, the association of experienced stigma with higher depression symptoms and lower trust in HIV providers was weaker compared with when resilience was low. Further, significant moderation effects suggested that when optimism was high, experienced and anticipated stigma was both less strongly associated with depression symptoms and with lower trust in one's HIV care providers compared with when optimism was low. Thus, the effects of experienced stigma on depression symptoms and provider trust were moderated by both resilience and optimism, but the effects of anticipated stigma were moderated only by optimism. Our findings suggest that in addition to their main effects, resilience and optimism may function as buffers against the harmful effects of stigma in health care settings. Therefore, optimism and resilience may be valuable intervention targets to reduce depression symptoms or improve trust in providers among populations that experience or anticipate stigma, such as WLHIV.

Innovative efficiency and firm value: Evidence from China

In this paper, we investigate the impact of innovative efficiency on a firm's market valuation based on a sample of Chinese listed firms. We find that innovative efficiency prominently contributes to enhancing a firm's market valuation. We examine the important role of securities analysts and institutional investors in conveying information about innovative efficiency and thus increasing firm value. Empirical results show that high-tech industry and intellectual property protection have a positive moderating effect, and financing constraints have a negative moderating effect. Additionally, we find that portfolio returns with different innovative efficiencies can be priced properly by the market.

The relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, personal factors and turnover intentions- private hospital pharmacists in Hong Kong

Abstract Introduction The impact of employee job satisfaction on retention or the impact of job dissatisfaction on attrition is becoming increasingly important as it has a significant impact on the quality of service provided, staff shortages, and the effectiveness of healthcare organizations. This is especially true for private hospitals pharmacists in Hong Kong. Aim Based on Herzberg's two-factor theory, the aim of this quantitative, correlational study was to determine the relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, demographic characteristics, personal factors, and turnover intentions in a sample of pharmacists working for private hospitals in Hong Kong. Methods Following institutional ethical approval, five research questions were developed to study the relationships. An empirical model of causal relationships among variables was tested with a sample of 140 registered pharmacists working in Hong Kong private hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to be self-administered, and data was collected using convenience and snowball sampling methods via an Online Google Form link. Partial least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the structural relationships. The study employed SmartPLS 3.0 to compute the two-basic partial least squares (PLS) path modelling, i.e. structural and measures models. Results 68 (48.6%) were male, and 72 (51.4%) were female participants in this study, giving an overall sex ratio (males per 100 females) of 94. One third of the pharmacists surveyed were between 40-49 years old. This study found that older age was associated with a more moderate relationship between overall job satisfaction and turnover intention. At the same time, the more support from the family, the greater the negative moderating effect between overall job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study's most significant intrinsic job satisfaction factor was "achievement", with an outer loading of 0.846. Other important intrinsic job satisfaction factors included recognition, opportunities for advancement, work itself, and responsibility. For extrinsic job satisfaction factors, the most significant one was “employment status”, with an outer loading of 0.791. Other important extrinsic factors include working conditions, company policies and rules, remuneration, interpersonal relations, and supervisor's quality. There were positive relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction factors, and overall job satisfaction of the private hospital pharmacists. In contrast, the intrinsic job satisfaction factors, extrinsic job satisfaction factors, and overall job satisfaction are found to have negative relationships to the turnover intentions of pharmacists. Those relationships were statistically significant with p<0.05. Discussion/Conclusion In conclusion, private hospital managements may use the knowledge to implement strategies to improve intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction among pharmacists in private hospitals. It is hoped that private hospital pharmacies will then have more bargaining power to retain pharmacists in the workplace. In turn, a better-quality pharmacy service can be provided and, ultimately, better earnings for the private hospitals.

Unfolding design and technology for superior sales growth under moderating effect of technological environment

PurposeFirms use design capability across the globe to compete and increase sales, e.g. Apple. However, the payoff from design know-how has been overlooked thus far. Academic research lags in this space despite the intersection of sales, technology and design in practice. This paper provides researchers and managers with implications of the interplay between design capability and technological market conditions to enhance a firm's sales.Design/methodology/approachFirms' capability design, and sales impact have been studied in this paper across different technological market conditions. Primary technological conditions of the industry under which firms operate are captured, which are technological intensity (TI), technological competitive intensity (TCI) and technological maturity (TM). Their interplay has been studied using panel data analysis, examining fixed and random effects.FindingsDesign is an important, interesting and non-imitable capacity that yields positive firm execution results. It provides an urgent differentiator and improves deal development. This study found that all four hypotheses are generally supported. The main finding is that, provided underlying technology is good, design significantly improves sales, but design alone cannot substitute for poor technology.Practical implicationsThe results of this study link the three technological environment conditions, namely, TI, TCI and TM with sales growth. The authors find that design can and does add to superior performance, provided technological excellence exists prior. But, in the absence of good technology, design alone will hinder performance.Originality/valueThis paper examines the effect of firm design capability on sales growth. The paper finds a positive moderating effect of TCI and TM but a negative moderating effect of TI. The researchers believe these aspects of the design have not been studied before.

ESG performance, investors’ heterogeneous beliefs, and cost of equity capital in China

Previous studies on the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) information disclosure and cost of equity (COE) have found mixed results. They conclude that this relationship may be affected by some attributes of the company inside. In this study, we examine whether investors’heterogeneous beliefs moderates the relationship between ESG performance and COE. Our sample starts with ESG-rating firms included in Huazheng index of the Wind China financial database (WIND) for years 2015–2020. We collect financial information and relevant data from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database (CSMAR). Using a two-way fixed effect multiple regression model, we report a negative moderate effect of both ESG performance on COE. We also find that COE Is higher when the firm financing constraints increase. Investors’heterogeneous beliefs with a lower (rather than higher) level tends to pay close attention from ESG performance by stakeholders and financing constraints decreases, which then leads to the reduction of investors’ expected risk. We therefore conclude that firms that manage actions on ESG issues have a better choices of release investors disagreements which in turn reduces their equity financing costs.

What Do You Think of AI? Research on the Influence of AI News Anchor Image on Watching Intention

Since the concept of artificial intelligence was introduced in 1956, AI technology has been gradually applied in various fields, including journalism. This paper focuses on research related to AI news anchors, and two correlated experiments are applied to examine audiences' perceived attractiveness of AI news anchors from a psychological dimension. Study 1 focuses on the different variables that influence the behavioral willingness of AI news anchor viewers, while Study 2 focuses on the mediating and moderating variables that influence audiences' psychological changes. The results indicate that non-humanoid female AI news anchors who use anthropomorphic voices to broadcast news obtain the highest perceived attractiveness among audiences. Additionally, the mediating effect of perceived attractiveness and the negative moderating effect on the inherent impression of traditional news anchors are both verified in the study. Based on the research findings, the implications and suggestions are addressed accordingly.

How do knowledge diversity and ego-network structures affect firms' sustainable innovation: evidence from alliance innovation networks of China's new energy industries

PurposeFacing the global public health emergency (GPHE), the conflict of cultural differences and the imbalance of vital resources such as knowledge among different organizations are becoming more severe, which affects the enthusiasm and sustainability of firms' innovation heavily. It is an urgent problem to be solved for firms how to make use of internal knowledge and external power to help firms' sustainable innovation (FSI). Thus, the purpose of this study is to deeply analyze how firms' internal knowledge diversity (KD) and external ego-network structures [ego-network density (ED) and honest brokers (HB)] affect FSI, as well as how the ego-network structures (ED and HB) moderate the relationship between KD and FSI based on the perspective of the ego network.Design/methodology/approachBased on the data of the alliance innovation networks of China's new energy industries in 2009–2019, this study uses the social network analysis method and negative binomial regression model to explore the effect of KD and ego-network structures (ED and HB) on FSI, as well as the moderating effects of ego-network structures (ED and HB) on the relationship between KD and FSI based on the perspective of ego network.FindingsThis study finds that KD, ED and HB can boost FSI. Moreover, ED plays a negative moderating role in the relationship between KD and FSI. However, the negative moderating effect of HB on the relationship between KD and FSI is not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis study presents fresh empirical evidence and new insights for firms on how to make full use of firms' internal KD and external ego-network structures to facilitate FSI.Originality/valueFirst, this study not only enriches the research on the consequences of KD but also expands our understanding of the knowledge-based view to some extent. Second, this study not only enriches the motivation research of the FSI based on the perspective of ego-network in the context of the GPHE but also expands the application scope of social network theory and sustainable innovation' theory in part. Third, this paper is a new attempt to apply social network theory and knowledge-based view at the same time.

Exploring Technology Innovation Factors, Government Support and Performance of Development-Related Social Enterprises: Evidence from South Korea

Growing demand for social services and products based on technological innovation has fueled expectations for technological innovation as a source of sustainable competitiveness for small- and medium-sized enterprises and, increasingly, social enterprises. This is especially the case for development cooperation programs that leverage social enterprises, which has resulted in increased funding from the public and private sectors for social enterprises promoting innovative development solutions. However, despite this enthusiasm, there is little clarity on whether this approach has actually been making substantial inroads in achieving intended development impacts. To fill this critical research gap, this study explores technology innovation factors as internal resources of a firm, based on the resource-based view (RBV), and investigates: (1) the relationship between technology innovation factors and performance of social enterprises; and (2) the moderating effect of government support between technology innovation and performance of social enterprises. Using an online survey method, this research collected sample data from 36 development-focused social enterprises headquartered in South Korea, from the 76 firms eligible to participate in the research. Based on a unique dataset of 36, first, this study performed multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effect of technology innovation factors, focusing on entrepreneurship, R&D capabilities and external cooperation of firms, on the social and economic performance of firms. Second, this study further employed a hierarchical regression to test whether government support moderates the causal effects of technology innovation factors on the social and economic performance of social enterprises. The results of this study present a positive relationship between innovative entrepreneurship and economic performance. In addition, this study identified a negative moderating effect of government support on the relationship between technology innovation, particularly R&D capabilities, and economic performance. Specifically, while R&D capabilities alone do not significantly influence a social enterprise’s economic performance, as companies receive more government support, the effect of R&D capabilities on economic performance becomes weak. As such, we contend that government support may, under certain circumstances (e.g., such as the level of technology), conflict with an enterprise’s pursuit of economic performance.

What Drives Innovation in Family Farms? The Roles of Socioemotional Wealth and Diverse Information Sources

Family business literature barely addresses family farms and their innovation behavior. Innovation can be key to mitigate typical threats family farms are faced with, e.g., global competition and climate change. This article investigates socioemotional wealth (SEW) and diversity of information sources as innovation drivers. It also explores the role of diversity of information sources as a moderator. A sample of 911 family farms was used for linear regression analysis. The SEW dimension identification of the family members with the farm positively affects the implementation of innovation measures because the stronger the family members identify with the business, the more important is it for them to preserve the identity endowments. Since innovation is a way to do that, strong identification will motivate family members to innovate. Diversity of information sources is also positively linked to innovation measures. However, it has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between identification and innovation measures. While diverse information sources seem to increase a family farm’s ability to innovate by supporting the opportunity identification and utilization, it can also mitigate the farms willingness to innovate when information is ambiguous. The study integrates knowledge from agricultural, innovation and family business research and contributes to a better understanding of the peculiar business type “family farms” and SEW as a multidimensional concept.

Financial service access and agriculture commercialization of smallholder rice growers in Kilombero District

The study was conducted in Tanzania to assess the effect of financial service access on the agricultural commercialization of smallholder rice growers in Kilombero under the moderating effect of institutional cultural cognition. Primary data were collected from 397 smallholder farmers, and after data cleaning, we remained with 358 responses subjected to regression analysis. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the help of IBM SPSS software. The findings revealed that financial service access significantly positively affected commercialization. Also, the results confirm that institutional cultural cognition has a significant negative moderation effect on the relationship between financial inclusion and agriculture commercialization. The results suggest that reducing cultural cognition can increase financial service access. So, if the wrong perception and beliefs of the poor and marginalized society toward formal financial services can be reduced, then access to formal financial services will be increased, thus improving the level of agriculture commercialization. Also, we recommend that policymakers and the government set policies to reduce the cost of accessing financial services and enhance financial services availability.

Institutional unpredictability and foreign exit−reentry dynamics: The moderating role of foreign ownership

We extend the internationalization process literature by theorizing how institutional unpredictability and its changes can affect the foreign exit−reentry process and how the multidimensionality of foreign ownership can alter these impacts as a firm's conduit to different foreign countries. Drawing on the dynamic institution-based view, we examine a process whereby firms exit and reenter foreign countries in response to institutional dynamism. By distinguishing foreign shareholders from host and nonhost foreign countries, we identify the negative moderation effects of host-country foreign ownership but not nonhost foreign ownership. Our study, therefore, contributes an integrative framework to the de- and re- internationalization research.

Online Health Information Seeking Among Patients With Chronic Conditions: Integrating the Health Belief Model and Social Support Theory.

Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability. With the growing patient population and climbing health care expenditures, researchers and policy makers are seeking new approaches to improve the accessibility of health information on chronic diseases while lowering costs. Online health information sources can play a substantial role in effective patient education and health communication. However, some contradictory evidence suggests that patients with chronic conditions may not necessarily seek online health information. This study aims to integrate 2 theories (ie, the health belief model and social support theory) and a critical health literacy perspective to understand online health information seeking (OHIS) among patients with chronic conditions. We used the survey method to collect data from online chronic disease communities and groups on social media platforms. Eligible participants were consumers with at least 1 chronic condition and those who have experience with OHIS. A total of 390 valid questionnaires were collected. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. The results suggested that perceived risk (t=3.989, P<.001) and perceived benefits (t=3.632, P<.001) significantly affected patients' OHIS. Perceived susceptibility (t=7.743, P<.001) and perceived severity (t=8.852, P<.001) were found to influence the perceived risk of chronic diseases significantly. Informational support (t=5.761, P<.001) and emotional support (t=5.748, P<.001) also impacted the perceived benefits of online sources for patients. In addition, moderation analysis showed that critical health literacy significantly moderated the link between perceived risk and OHIS (t=3.097, P=.002) but not the relationship between perceived benefits and OHIS (t=0.288, P=.774). This study shows that the health belief model, when combined with social support theory, can predict patients' OHIS. The perceived susceptibility and severity can effectively explain perceived risk, further predicting patients' OHIS. Informational support and emotional support can contribute to perceived benefits, thereby positively affecting patients' OHIS. This study also demonstrated the important negative moderating effects of critical health literacy on the association between perceived risk and OHIS.

Research on the Endogenous Mechanism of Political Relations of Military Industrial Enterprises to Innovation Performance Driven by Innovation

Taking the military industry listed companies from 2010 to 2019 as a research sample, comprehensively use high-level team theory, investment decision theory, human capital theory and other related theories to deeply explore the influence mechanism of political connections on military industry enterprise innovation performance. The research results show that: for military enterprises, the politically connected characteristics of senior managers will promote the innovation performance of enterprises. Managers’ overconfidence plays a part of the mediating effect in the influence of political connections on enterprise innovation performance. At the same time, the inflow of R &amp; D personnel has produced a negative moderating effect in the relationship between political connections and corporate innovation performance. Further research shows that, from the perspective of the level of political relevance, politically connected managers at the central level have a negative impact on corporate innovation performance. The negative moderating effect of the inflow of R &amp; D personnel in the political connection and enterprise innovation performance is related to the political connection at the central level.

Digital inclusive finance and consumption-based embodied carbon emissions: A dual perspective of consumption and industry upgrading

Promoting the development of financial instruments can influence carbon emission reduction in the context of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. There are currently no theoretical mechanisms to explain whether and how digital inclusive finance, as a new type of financial service, influences residential consumption-based embodied carbon emissions. This study employs the mediation model, moderation model, and moderated mediation model to empirically evaluate the influence mechanism of digital inclusive finance on consumption-based embodied carbon emissions per capita in China from 2011 to 2019. The findings demonstrate that the development of digital inclusive finance increases residents' consumption-based embodied carbon emissions by upgrading consumption level and consumption structure, but that upgrading industrial structure does indeed have a significantly negative moderating effect in implications paths, causing consumption-based embodied carbon emissions to shift from positive to negative. This study, by focusing on the advancement of digital inclusive finance, offers policymakers suggestions for reducing consumption-based embodied carbon emissions from the standpoints of consumption upgrading and industrial structure upgrading, respectively.