Negative Mindset Research Articles

Psychological antecedents of telehealth acceptance: A technology readiness perspective

The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has been threatening the healthcare system. In this context, telehealth is a potential solution to deliver effective and safe health care to the public. To facilitate the application and acceptance of telehealth, a good understanding of psychological determinants is of great importance. Therefore, this study aims to examine the public's positive and negative mindsets towards telehealth. A theoretical model was established by employing the technology readiness model and perceived value theory. To empirically test the relationships between constructs, a total of 500 responses from residents in Singapore were collected; thereafter, structural equation modeling was performed. The results indicate that discomfort negatively impacts perceived value whereas optimism and innovativeness positively impact users' perceived value. Further, perceived value positively impacts the acceptance of telehealth via attitude. Demographic factors (i.e. internet literacy, age, education) can also influence certain aspects of technology readiness (e.g. innovativeness, optimism). Moreover, social influence is an important moderator between perceived value and the acceptance of telehealth. The empirical findings enhance the understanding of users' psychology concerning telehealth and provide policy recommendations regarding the development of telehealth to improve public health.

Survival Strategies for Nigerian Youths

Honestly speaking, Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural, human and material resources yet her citizens are suffering tremendously especially the youths. This is caused by bad leadership cum lackadaisical attitudes orchestrated by greedy and disgruntled politicians. The conspicuous immediate effect is that the poor are getting poorer while the rich are getting richer on daily basis. It is also obvious that there are problems already on ground in the country ranging from social problems (poverty, unemployment, unequal opportunity, racism, crime, cultism, terrorism, human trafficking, employment discrimination and malnutrition), religious bigotry, economic quagmire, political to environmental problems. These existing problems have done more harm than good especially on the parts of our youths at present. Our youths have resorted to banditry, kidnapping, ritual killings, prostitution, terrorism, child trafficking, yahoo yahoo plus and other innumerable nefarious acts as a result alarming rate of unemployment in the country. This paper unequivocally x-rays the survival strategies for Nigerian youths amidst obstacles in Nigeria. Also, it exposes some of the barriers that could militate against survival strategies. This paper is purely conceptual in nature. The survival strategies include POS Business, Graphic Designs, Food Community Business, Home Lessons, Writing and Selling of E-Books, Home Cleaning Services, Affiliate Marketing e.t.c. while the barriers include Negative Mindset, Pride(the killer of destiny),paucity of vision and faith, religious fraud. We concluded that Nigerian Youths need to desist from seeking white collar jobs to creating viable jobs for themselves and others via the entrepreneurial activities deliberated on so far. We, therefore, recommend and encourage youths to just positively do what they can with all they have, wherever they are and the sky will be their stepping stones.

Correlation Between Japanese EFL Learners’ Attitudes Toward L1 Dialects and Japanese English

This study explores how Japanese EFL learners’ mindset toward their own regional dialect in Japanese (L1) influences their attitudes toward Japanese English, a recognized variety of English from the viewpoint of “English as an International Language” (EIL). We aim to examine whether Japanese learners’ attitudes toward the L1 dialects they speak can be a criterion to judge who can accept and practice Japanese English positively. Fourteen Japanese college students were divided into two groups–Western and Northeastern Japan–based on the widely held idea that the Western dialect is popular a variety in Japan while the Northeastern dialect is less popular. Students participated in a survey about their dialects, read two articles about English varieties, and wrote about their ideas on Japanese English. The results show that all the students from Western Japan (7) were favorable about their Japanese dialects, and five showed positive attitudes toward Japanese English. In the Northeastern Japan group, more than half of the students showed negative mindsets toward their own Japanese dialects. The overall tendency was that those who answered favorably about their dialects showed positive attitudes toward Japanese English while those who were negative about their L1 dialect also showed negative attitudes toward Japanese English. The results suggest that Japanese EFL learners’ attitudes toward their L1 regional dialect and Japanese English are correlated. The findings can be a benchmark to predict who would agree or disagree with the idea of EIL and help us decide what approaches to take to introduce the concept.

Prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics

Previous studies have investigated challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experiences, but little is known about the prevalence and associations of such experiences. Using nationally representative data of the US adult population (N = 2822), this study examined the prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult, or distressing experiences using classic psychedelics, in a subsample of respondents who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use (n = 613). Of the 613 respondents who reported lifetime classic psychedelic use, the majority of them (59.1 %) had never had a challenging, difficult, or distressing experience using a classic psychedelic, but 8.9 % of respondents reported functional impairment that lasted longer than one day as a result of such experiences. Notably, 2.6 % reported seeking medical, psychiatric, or psychological assistance in the days or weeks following their most challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experience. In covariate-adjusted regression models, co-use of lithium, co-use of other mood stabilizers, and six set and setting variables (no preparation, disagreeable physical environment, negative mindset, no psychological support, dose was too large, major life event prior to experience) were associated with the degree of difficulty; and co-use of lithium, co-use of other mood stabilizers, and three set and setting variables (negative mindset, no psychological support, major life event prior to experience) were associated with overall risk of harm. In summary, this study provides insight into the prevalence and associations of challenging, difficult, or distressing classic psychedelic experiences. The findings broadly correspond with findings from previous studies and can inform harm reduction efforts and future experimental research designs.

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS OF MEDICAL PHD STUDENTS' ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE.

The aim: The paper is aimed to find correlations between English language communicative academic and medical competence components (theoretical, practical, and individual by certain methods), to improve design of the course "Academic English for PhDs in Medicine", its methods and strategy. Materials and methods: The study sample includes postgraduate groups studying for PhD in Healthcare, aged 21-59 years, in Bukovinian State Medical University (39 respondents), Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (32 respondents), Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (33 respondents), and Bogomolets National Medical University (318 respondents). The study was held in 2019-2023. We assessed theoretical and practical components using our tests, individual component - psychological methods. The values of three components were transformed into general English communicative academic and medical competence level. The data were treated with SPSS Statistica 18.0, using Spearman correlation significance. Results: We found positive correlation between English communicative competence and communicative tolerance, general communicative skills level, and high or medium communicative control level. Also, positive correlation characterizes interaction as a conflict-resolving strategy and communicative competence. Highly manifested intolerance in communication, predominance of negative mindsets, intolerance to stress negatively affect the level of English communicative academic and professional competence of PhD students. Conclusions: Analysis of the English speaking competence, and its components, showed positive correlation between interaction as a conflict-resolving strategy and English communicative competence of respondents. Regarding the results, the curriculum of the "Academic English for Medical PhDs" should be modified, including interactive methods, case studies, problem solving, and other methods for individual component training.

STUDENT’S MISTAKES IN SOLVING PROBLEM BASED ON WATSON’S CRITERIA AND LEARNING STYLE

This study aims to determine the types of errors students face when solving math problems. First, review the error types based on Watson's criteria and student learning styles. This study uses an explanatory sequential design model. Data analysis techniques include Quantitative data analysis techniques, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics. At the same time, the qualitative data analysis techniques include; data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the errors based on Watson's criteria and learning styles obtained were based on student responses, including; Inappropriate Data 40%, Omitted Conclusion 20%, Response Level Conflict 40%, and Above Other 40%. Furthermore, the types of errors obtained in classroom learning include Inappropriate Data 25%, Omitted Conclusion 50%, and Skill Hierarchy Problems 25%. In the visual learning pattern, there are five error classes: Inappropriate Data 9%, Omitted Conclusion 55%, Response Level Conflict 18%, Skill Hierarchy Problem 27%, and Above Other 18%. Several factors influence the error, including; the decline in students' motivation, interest, and thinking skills. Efforts can be made to minimize student errors, including increasing practice on story questions and eliminating students' negative mindset towards learning mathematics

Racial Prejudice and Gender Discrimination against Northeast Indians amidst COVID-19

The outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic has been largely racialized. With its origin rooted in China, Asians across the globe experienced labelling to be responsible for the pandemic. Asians or mongoloid looking individuals suffered discrimination, and contempt worldwide. In India, the pandemic restored and re-established the social problem i.e. racialism against the Northeast Indians which has been tackled over the years. While most of the Indians have non-mongoloid looks, the Northeast Indians are mainly Asiatic race. As such, they have Asian looks though Indian in blood. The fight of the Northeast Indians has been double. They have to fight against the virus as everyone, and against the negative mindset of their fellow Indians against them. The Indian government, as such, promptly established a committee to look into the matter. But there has been no law against it which makes it hard to act accordingly. Besides the racial affliction, there existed gender discrimination which doubled the affliction of the women of northeast Indians.

DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN MODEL KEMP DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DENGAN TEKNIK JIGSAW

Various kinds of events with the development of the times in the world of education today that have an impact on the quality of education. First, there are many teachers who find it difficult and complain in designing or designing learning using learning media so that the wrong target occurs. Second, the negative mindset of the teacher that teaching is troublesome, tiring, and difficult. Third, various kinds of student characters that can cause confusion for teachers, where to start educating them. Fourth, the tight competition in the world of education is the impact of globalization and MEA so that it demands quality education and is judged by the output of its graduates. The author provides answers to the problems presented, namely the application of the Kemp model of learning design with details of setting learning objectives, analyzing student characteristics, identifying materials, determining learning, determining pre-tests, determining teaching and learning activities, coordinating supporting facilities, and evaluating to facilitate teachers in designing effective, efficient and quality learning.

Managing Groups: Skills to Uncover the Pre-forming Stage and Distributing Roles

Until organizations exist, groups will continue to exist. As the literature is abundant on what managers could do to ensure that groups function properly, it also discusses group failure and managers' mismanagement the cause of the failure. In this paper, I have kept Tuckman & Jensen's (1977) Stages of Group Development Model at the centre of the discussion and introduced the Pre-Forming Stage that precedes the Forming stage of the Tuckman & Jensen's (1977) model. In this stage, using scholarly concepts, I have identified how people harbour positive or negative mindsets (mostly unaware) about others before starting a conversation at a group level and how adjourning stage from the previous group experience play an active role in it. I have discussed how exploring the Pre-Storming stage managers can identify the source of conflict that could plague the group work if not uncovered. In addition, I have discussed how managers can allocate roles and responsibilities according to group members' strengths and allowable weaknesses (Belbin, 1993) by looking at the strengths of one team member and how they complement the weaknesses of another team member(s). The discussion in this paper adds value to the literature on group development and conflicts, showing skills and mindsets that managers could develop to manage their group. This paper discusses how the seeds of its development (the start of a conflict) are self-sown in the pre-forming stage at an individual level, well before the forming and storming stages of Tuckman and Jensen's (1977) group development model.

Tell Me Something Good: Enabling Conditions for Positive Individual Outcomes

In the stressful times of the pandemic, civil unrest, and other worldly concerns, it’s easy to slip into a negative mindset. Yet, in the recent two decades, positive organizational scholars have resiliently asked positive research questions to identify how we flourish in the workplace. Focusing on the positive side during such bleak societal times has become even more important, as we wrestle with dark feelings and mentalities. As such, this symposium will highlight the good with an emphasis on positive outcomes. Positive organizational scholarship (POS) is the study of positivity of organizational states following four approaches: adopting a positive lens, taking an affirmative bias, explaining extraordinary positive outcomes, and examining the best of the human condition (Cameron & Spreitzer, 2012). Key topical areas of POS include positive individual traits, states, emotions, strengths, and virtues, all of which have specific dependent variables of measurement (Caza, 2015). For example, broaden and build theory examines how physical, intellectual, social, and psychological resources are built (Fredrickson, 2001), and self-determination theory examines workplace wellness, success, and achievement (Deci, Olafsen, & Ryan, 2017). The purpose of this symposium is to contribute to our understanding of positive individual outcomes by examining dependent variables in three key topical areas across four cultures and countries (Australia, Israel, United Kingdom, United States). The symposium’s papers examine outcomes of well-being, prosocial identity, helping behaviors, work meaningfulness, career success (positive individual traits and states), emotions and empathy (positive emotions), and perceived fairness and justice (strengths and virtues). By examining such positive outcomes across multiple cultures and different levels of analysis, this symposium creates an opportunity for cross-pollination of ideas and research on questions focused on individual thriving at work. This cross-pollination of ideas and research addresses the grand challenges being faced around the globe (George, Howard-Grenville, Joshi, & Tihanyi, 2016), thereby, contributing towards the conference’s theme of ‘Creating a Better World Together’. Positive Empathy at Work: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Organizational Outcomes Presenter: Deshani Buddhika Ganegoda; Melbourne Business School Presenter: Prashant Bordia; Australian National U. Personal and Interpersonal Drivers of Social Support Provision Presenter: Matthew Deeg; Abilene Christian U. Workplace Characteristics that Foster Experiences of Meaningfulness among Israeli Teachers Presenter: Hayuta Yinon; Oranim College of Education Leadership, Race and Positive Professional Identity: Exploring the Black Experience Presenter: Yvonne Lardner; U. of Cambridge The Inter-Communicability of Well-Being at Work Presenter: Hongxia Peng; Rouen U.

Could directly shifting self-doubt mind-set reduce the negative effects of chronic self-doubt?

ABSTRACT Research has shown negative effects of chronic self-doubt on psychological and performance outcomes. Two experiments were conducted to examine (a) the malleability of the mind-set about self-doubt; and (b) whether shifting to a more positive mind-set reduces the negative effects of self-doubt. Participants in Experiment 1 were randomly assigned to one of two mind-set induction conditions (positive versus negative). A control group was added in Experiment 2, in which we also enhanced the strength and symmetry of the positive and negative mind-set inductions. The results from both experiments showed a significant change in self-doubt mind-set in the hypothesized direction as a result of the mind-set induction. Interestingly, Experiment 2 revealed that priming either positive or negative mind-set diminished the negative self-doubt effects on task engagement, relative to the control group. The findings for the negative mind-set group were counter to the hypothesis but replicated what was observed in Experiment 1.

Relationship between Negative Mindset and English-Speaking Anxiety in English Students

The ability to speak English is the main priority of many languages ​​being studied, inadequate mastery of English is often a source of anxiety experienced by students. English anxiety is anxiety that arises as perceptions, beliefs, feelings, and attitudes that arise in individuals in learning and using English. English anxiety is a result of affective factors that arise due to several things: lack of knowledge of English, lack of preparation, fear of making mistakes, and difficulty understanding instructions from the teacher. The hypothesis in this study is that there is a relationship between negative thought patterns and English speaking anxiety in students majoring in English at UNWIRA Kupang. Participants in this study were students majoring in English with a total of 130 respondents. The analysis in this study uses correlational analysis. The results of the analysis show that there is a correlation coefficient between negative thinking patterns and English-speaking anxiety of 0.434 with a significant value of 0.000 <0.05.

Teaching Soft Skills: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Practice Pedagogy and Evaluation: The Case of Ensa

It is often said that hard skills or technical knowledge will get you an interview but soft skills will tremendously increase your chances to get and keep the job. Hard skills are the skills or technical knowledge we need to do our job adequately, whereas human skills are the skills we need to be better human beings with a better character. Hard skills answer the question of how well you can do at work. Soft skills or human skills, however, answer the questions like what kind of person you are. How well you can get on with people around you. Are you someone people can trust and feel comfortable working with or someone people distrust because you are annoying as a team member, you constantly get people into unnecessary arguments or you make them uncomfortable because of your negative mind set and/or suspicious attitude?. It seems, therefore, that teaching human skills is no longer a luxury but an obligation. The problem, however, is that oftentimes our attempt to teach essential life skills consists simply of teaching about them; we mistakenly treat life skills like hard skills both at the level of instruction and evaluation. We assume that teaching a set of vocabulary items or concepts related to soft skills would suffice to help student acquire those skills. This paper suggests that soft Skills cannot be taught; they are caught. For this reason, it is contended that there is a desperate need to see soft skills with a different lens. It puts forwards a paradigm shift in soft skill instruction in practice, pedagogy, and evaluation. It is high time we discontinued teaching life skills as a set of concepts and vocabulary items. Instead, we need to adopt a teaching though coaching and evaluation through experiential and oral schemes. We need to reconsider our role as soft skill teachers and students, our teaching methodology and finally the learning environment within which life skills are being developed and evaluated.

Math Anxiety – A Literature Review on Confounding Factors

Math anxiety presents adverse psychological effects, inducing feelings of dread, panic, helplessness, and mental disorganization. Researchers hypothesize that feelings of anxiety are highly influential on a student's working memory during mathematical computations, coupled. with over-reliance on high-stakes diagnostic math exams which strengthen negative mindsets, ultimately presenting math as a high-risk subject. Researchers question why and how an individual develops math anxiety, though an agreed-upon answer has yet to be accepted. This purpose of this paper is to investigate global literature through themes commonly associated to a person’s math anxiety. The paper includes one’ innate predisposition to mathematical problem solving, the effects of one’s previous math performance, as well as environmental impacts such as education systems, familial relationships, and resources, as well as society-held viewpoints and clichés a student faces while approaching math. The paper concludes with tactics for a student’s success in alleviating math anxiety and draws conclusions on future work needed academia, which centers around data driven research on social stereotypes, the impacts of support in learning environments, and the impacts of math-anxiety in future education and career paths.

Hubungan Pola Pikir Negatif dengan Stres Akademik pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran

Students life was changes in Covid-19 pandemic, both in learning or in economy aspect. This case can trigger the person to experience academic stress. One of the factors that influence academic stress is mindset. Mindset can more affect a person when facing a problem. The person’s who have negative mindset usually consider themselves incapable so they can prevent a person from getting a better quality of life. The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is a relationship between negative mindset with academic stress in Medical Students of Malahayati University during covid-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative research with a analytic type. Data sources with questionnaires.The study respondents is 121 students with the most negative mindset levels in the moderate category, which was 78 people (64.5%). And the highest level of academic stress in the weight category amounted to 66 people (54.5%). Statistical studies show the value of p or p-value is 0.989 (p > 0.05) and the correlation test is 0.001, so it can be concluded that there is no significant association between negative mindset and academic stress in Malahayati University medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic class of 2018. Keywords: Negative Mindset, Academic Stress

From traditional leadership to transformative leadership: A conceptual study on the Leadership Style of the School Principals

Introduction: The effectiveness of a school is largely dependent upon its principal. His behavior influences the way a school functions. The most crucial factor in any school is the leadership behavior of the principal and how the principal carries out his leadership behavior and how that reflects the efficiency of school functioning. Today one can notice there is a phenomenal change in the leadership behavior of the principal. Now the environment they are working in is very competitive, advanced, and technical. There are a lot of risks they are encountering in every situation to give their school a sustainable future. In one way they have to address the expectation of society and in the other, they are to meet the expectation of the management. Though their position is tough yet they have to continue their performance up to the satisfaction of the stakeholders. Rationale: The previous research studies were mostly centered on a traditional concept of the leadership style of the principal, which narrows down the role of the principal, and most considered him an instructional leader. Considering this is a research gap the researchers conducted qualitative research on the transformative leadership style of the principal. The ethnographic interview and ethnographic observation established the authenticity and internal consistency of the data and the results thus derived were with a high level of validity. Objective: The purpose of the study was to study the leadership behavior of the school principal concerning transformative leadership style and also to compare the effectiveness of transformative leadership styles concerning the outcomes of the school. Methods: This is a Qualitative Research (QR). Considering the nature of the research, the researchers decided to use a typical research design named concept analysis, since the research tries to identify the insight of the principal towards transformative leadership style through the opinion of their staff members. Research Tools: The Researcher prepared an interview schedule with the questions which were modified from the original questionnaire named, Leadership Behaviors Development Questionnaire (LBDQ) developed by Ohio State University, USA. Data Collection techniques: The data was collected through an Ethnographic interview and Ethnographic observation schedule over an extended period and the writing of extensive field notes by the researchers. Data analysis and interpretation: As this is a qualitative research design, after the data was collected, an in-depth analysis was done, to remove data redundancy, bring stability to the opinion of the respondents, to compare & contrast the opinion of the participants in non-contrived situations. Results: It was found that mostly the principals of urban-based secondary schools are much more aware, motivated, and active in the implementation of transformational leadership style compared to their counterparts in the schools located in the rural area. Again, the ethnographic observations reported that there was a very significant relationship between transformative leadership and the job satisfaction of the staff members. The attrition rate of the staff member was found less and the performance of the school was also continuously better compared to the school leaders having a negative mindset towards transformation. It was also found that transformative leaderships are good for emotional control, social adjustment, and creativity in the professional environment. It was also revealed that the schools with transformative leadership are more advanced in the achievements of many key performance indicators (KPIs). Conclusion: The study concluded that it is very much indispensable for the principals to understand the expectations of the stakeholders and bring innovation to the school. This is required to bring sustainability to the school and rise in a competitive environment.

AN ANALYSIS OF HEALTH PROFILE OF THANJAVUR DISTRICT AS ENVISAGED BY NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY 2019-21

National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) fieldwork for India was conducted in two phases, during the years between 2019 and 2021 by 17 Field Agencies and gathered information from 636,699 households, 724,115 women, and 101,839 men. Information was gathered from 27,929 households, 25,650 women, and 3,372 men from Tamil Nadu and in Thanjavur from 826 households, 687 women, and 83 men. This research paper points out the health indicators in which Thanjavur District improved over the earlier NFHS and over the State as well as Country level averages in the NFHS-5. As per The NFHS -4 the sex ratio has raised marginally to 1053 and in the NFHS-5, sharply raised to 1112. The sex ratio of the country is also remarkably high crossing 1000 mark, first time in the Indian statistical history in the NFHS-5. NFHS-5 reveals positive note that the child sex ratio restoration back to 934. It reflects the changing mindset proliferating in the district towards the female. Amidst the negative mindset towards upbringing girl children in the state of Tamil Nadu, revealed by the reduced child sex ratio of 878 in NFHS -5 from 954 in NFHS-4 in Tamil Nadu a sharp positive increase in the child sex ratio in Thanjavur is fair enough to the fair sex. On the other hand, the reason for the reduction in the child sex ratio in the rest of the state of Tamil Nadu needs an immediate attention comparing the previous NFHS. It is also to be noted here that even the country level child sex ratio also is in increasing trend as per the present NFHS comparing its earlier survey. KEYWORDS: National Family Health survey, Government sponsored health insurance schemes, health insurance, Sex ratio, child sex ratio, AB-PMJAY.

A Study on Factors Associated with Caesarean Section Delivery at Tangail District of Bangladesh

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Caesarean section or C-section is a major obstetric life-saving intervention that has a substantial effect on maternal and neonatal health. This study sought to explore factors associated with increasing C-section rate at Tangail district in Bangladesh. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire at different hospitals and clinics in Tangail among 200 women who underwent cesarean. For analyzing the factors of C-section, the explanatory variables were demographic and anthropometric data, pre-pregnancy history, pregnancy period and delivery information. <i>Results</i>: The common medical indicators for C-section were prolonged labor (21%), fetal distress (19%), previous C-section (13%), amniotic rupture (12.5%), abnormal presentation of the baby (12%), uterine rupture (8.5%), failed labor induction (7.5%) and eclampsia/hypertension (3%). The majority (49.5%) of C-section was performed because of maternal request, 34% were emergency and 16.5% were elective. Majority of the respondents showed neutral (46%) to negative (51%) mindset towards C-section. C-section decision making influences included family pressure (25%), afraid of labor pain (11.5%), mother’s health risk (15%), baby’s health risk (38.5%), both mother and baby’s health risk (19.5%), presence of medical complications (62%), respondent’s choice (23%), doctor’s preference (5%), other related reasons (10%). <i>Conclusions</i>: It is concluded that a combination of both medical and non-medical factors is associated with C-section delivery.

Students’ Age, Perceptions of Poor Performance, and Fear of Negative Assessment in English Speaking as Predictors of Academic Performance in Male and Female Students

The students’ implicit theories of intelligence and ability play a crucial role in determining their interest and effort in their studies. The negative mindset promotes poor perceptions of performance and fear of negative evaluation in students, which negatively impacts their learning and academic performance. The English language experts have tried to understand these perceptions of poor performance and fear of negative evaluation in English speech anxiety. Gender and age differences are present in implicit theories and perceptions of poor performance, fear of negative evaluation, and speech anxiety. Therefore, the current study explored the role of age in perceptions of poor performance and fear of negative evaluation in English speaking anxiety and academic performance among male and female students. The sample of the study was 956 university students. Generalized structured component analysis multi-group approach revealed the differing impacts of age on dimensions of negative thoughts in English speaking and academic performance in male and female students. The direct effect of age on students’ academic performance was insignificant. However, the students’ perceptions of poor performance mediated the impact of age on academic performance. The effect of perceptions of poor performance on academic performance was negative compared to the positive effect of fear of negative evaluation on students’ academic performance.

Brave (2012) vs Puteri (2014): The Representation of Androgyny Characters

Characters that portrayed in the film is the medium of communication in delivering the story to the audience. From time to time, different type of character’s development has been discovered that evolve within the different beliefs, lifestyles, culture, socio-economy and more. The representation of the female androgyny character that have been widely illustrated in many animations film especially from Disney is to show the real-life revival of females in the world. Nevertheless, the character of female androgyny is not widely introduced in Malaysian animation due to factor of some gender should only portray certain roles and norms which caused the occurrence of negative mindset. This research was done to identify the representation of characters in the changes of the gender norms in Malaysian animation and exploring the cross-culture elements to the representation of androgyny’s characters that related to the changes of the gender stereotypes based on the Brave (2012) and Puteri (2014). Quantitative research design is used to gather all the respondent’s opinion and facts in order to support as well as to draw the conclusion at the end of the study. Thus, not only Disney’s movie but also Malaysian animation slowly upgrading the dignity of the female’s character to show that by breaking the stereotypes and gender expectation does cause the certain circumstances to happen.