Negative Judgments Research Articles

Listening to Black Pregnant and Postpartum People: Using Technology to Enhance Equity in Screening and Treatment of Perinatal Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), perinatal substance use disorders (PSUDs), and intimate partner violence (IPV) are leading causes of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. Screening and referral for PMADs, PSUDs and IPV is recommended, however, racial disparities are prominent: Black pregnant and postpartum people (PPP) are less likely to be screened and attend treatment compared to White PPP. We conducted qualitative interviews to better understand the experience of Black PPP who used a text/phone-based screening and referral program for PMADs/PSUDs and IPV-Listening to Women and Pregnant and Postpartum People (LTWP). We previously demonstrated that LTWP led to a significant reduction in racial disparities compared to in-person screening and referral, and through the current study, sought to identify facilitators of PMAD/PSUD symptom endorsement and treatment attendance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 68 Black PPP who were or had been pregnant within the last 24 months, and who either had or did not have a PMAD or PSUD. Participants were enrolled in LTWP and provided feedback on their experience. Using a grounded theory approach, four themes emerged: usability, comfort, necessity, and recommendations. Ease of use, brevity, convenience, and comfort in discussing mental health and substance use via text were highlighted. Need for a program like LTWP in Black communities was discussed, given the reduction in perceived judgement and access to trusted information and resources for PMADs/PSUDs, which may lessen stigma. These qualitative findings illuminate how technology-based adaptations to behavioral health screening and referral can reduce perceived negative judgment and facilitate identification and referral to treatment, thereby more adequately meeting needs of Black PPP.

Exploring flaming in the discourse of negative judgment: invoked strategies used by Indonesian netizens in Instagram comments

Exploring flaming in the discourse of negative judgment: invoked strategies used by Indonesian netizens in Instagram comments

Development of Self Stigma Assessment Tool for People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)

Introduction: Stigma does not only come from people who give negative judgment to HIV/AIDS patients but also from patients themselves. This study explored the experiences of the self-stigma of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and developed the self-stigma tool for PLWHA. Methodology: We conducted a mixed-method study using an exploratory-sequential design in the East Java community, Indonesia. In the first phase, we identified 12 PLWHA through snowball sampling, and in the second phase, 133 PLWHA participated. We collected data through indepth interviews. Subsequently, the insights gained from these interviews were utilized to develop a tool for assessing self-stigma among PLWHA, known as the MARSUDI self-stigma tool. Results: The first phase of the study revealed three main themes: 1) the feeling of self-stigma, 2) the coping mechanism, and 3) suggestions to combat the stigma. Moving on to the second phase, the MARSUDI self-stigma tool for PLWHA was developed. This tool comprises 26 items, achieving a s-cvi score exceeding 0.80. Following factorial analysis, 20 items remained with a loading factor surpassing 0.6, and contributing to 66.24% of the total variance. These items were categorized into three factors: Factor 1 (self-perception) includes 7 items, Factor 2 (self-labelling) consists of 11 items, and Factor 3 (self-discrimination) comprises 2 items. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the MARSUDI self-stigma of PLWHA is valid, reliable, and acceptable.

Enhancing body image satisfaction and well-being among early adolescents: Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of the mind. body. voice. program

Although most research has emphasized high-school and college-aged women, body dissatisfaction and eating disorder behavior are also a concern for middle-school girls. We partnered with Girls Inc., a community-based organization to explore feasibility and preliminary outcomes of the mind. body. voice. (m.b.v.) program with a middle-school-aged cohort. The program was collaboratively designed with youth, focusing on body image satisfaction, disordered eating risk factors, and mental health and well-being. The work occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a unique opportunity to assess the promise of the program under difficult extenuating circumstances. In an open-trial design, we assessed change from pre- to post-program administered with two cohorts, one delivered remotely in 2020 (n = 17) and one in-person in 2021 (n = 13). Findings indicated that participation in the m.b.v. program was associated among both cohorts with significant decreases in negative body judgment and adherence to cultural appearance biases, and significant increases in body awareness, agency, and positive self-regard, as well as significant reductions in negative affect. Results support the feasibility and promise of both remote and in-person administration of the program targeting young adolescents, and in partnership with a well-established community-based organization.

PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF MEDICAL EVENTS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CIVIL PROCEEDINGS

The article presents the proceedings before the voivodship commission for adjudicating on medical events as an alternative to civil proceedings conducted before a civil court. The analyzed proceedings are characterized by independence in the voivodeship commission, and this independence can be assessed at a satisfactory level. Undoubtedly, the main advantages of the discussed procedure are its speed, low cost and attractive distribution of the burden of command. It is worth noting that even in the case of a negative judgment, the initiated proceedings do not create res judicata and do not close the court’s way of pursuing one’s claims.

Families' experiences of the Low Arousal Approach: a qualitative study.

Parents and carers supporting a family member presenting with behaviors of concern experience heightened stress. The Low Arousal Approach is a crisis management strategy which recognizes that stress, or physiological arousal, can be expressed through behaviors of concern. This approach aims to equip parents and carers to manage behaviors in a person-centered and non-confrontational way. There is a paucity of published research exploring the experiences of families applying this approach. Seventeen parents who had received training in the Low Arousal Approach were interviewed to gain their perspectives on supporting their family members using this approach. Thematic analysis revealed themes relating to parental stress, which was related to external pressures, isolation, family stress, and challenges in their caring role. They described encountering negative narratives relating to self-criticism and negative judgments from others. Training in the Low Arousal Approach was related to being empowered through access to evidence, increased confidence, and increased ability to advocate for their family member's needs. Low Arousal was described as a "lifestyle" that enabled increased coping for the family unit as a whole. Findings indicate that it is vitally important to recognize the views of parents and carers, and these are equally as important as the views of professionals. We must understand parents' and carers' needs in order to provide adequate support.

Relationship FoMO and Nomophobia with Social Anxiety Symptoms in the Use of Social Media at UMP

Background:Along with the increase in social media users, people are also starting to experience what is called social anxiety. This social anxiety is caused by feelilngs of worry or fear of the judgment of others. This causes individuals who experience social anxiety to try to avoid social situations so that they can avoid the negative judgments of other. Anxiety about the judgment of others in one of the main symptoms of social anxiety. In addition, people who frequently use social media tend to like to compare themselves with others. Method: This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used in this study was undergraduate nursing students at Muhammadiyah University in Purwokerto with a total of 99 respondents. There were 3 instruments used in this study, namely the SAS-SMU questionnaire, the FoMO’s questionnaire, and the NMP-Q questionnaire. Results: The results of the analysis of the relationship using the chi-square statistical test found p=0.000(p<0.05),meaning that there is asignificant relationship between FoMO and symptoms of social anxiety in the use of socialmedia. The results of the relationship analysis using the chi-square statistical testfound p=0.001 (p<0.05), meaning that there is a significant relationship between Nomophobia and symptoms of social anxiety in the use of social media. Conclusion:There is a significant relationship between FoMO and symptoms ofsocial anxiety in using social media and there is also a significant relationship between Nomophobia and symptoms of social anxiety in using social media.

THE ASIDATES EPISODE IN THE ANABASIS

The final episode of the Anabasis dismays many readers: Xenophon takes a small group of associates to kidnap the household of the wealthy Persian, Asidates. Thereby he himself becomes wealthy. This paper examines several details of the account of that episode. The mature author gives us the unvarnished facts straightforwardly, through the uncritical perspective of the youthful agent. From these brute facts the reader may infer that the mature writer intends a negative judgement about the final episode. The mature Xenophon thus presents some self-criticism. That capacity for self-criticism may come from the influence of Socrates. There are reasons, however, to make a further judgement that Xenophon's admirable capacity for self-criticism was sadly limited. One cannot escape deep disappointment after reflecting on the final episode of the Anabasis.

Resisting stigma: the role of online communities in young mothers’ successful breastfeeding

BackgroundBreastfeeding initiation and continuation rates are shaped by complex and interrelated determinants across individual, interpersonal, community, organisational, and policy spheres. Young mothers, however, face a double burden of stigma, being perceived as immature and incompetent in their mothering and breastfeeding abilities. In this study, we aimed to understand the experiences of young mothers who exclusively breastfed for six months and beyond and explore their experiences of stigma and active resistance through social media.MethodsIn 2020, in-depth telephone interviews about breastfeeding experiences were conducted with 44 young mothers under age 25 in Aotearoa New Zealand who breastfed for six months or longer. Participants were recruited via social media. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsAnalysis yielded four themes on young mothers’ negotiation of breastfeeding and support. The first three themes revealed young mothers’ encounters with socio-cultural contexts. They faced negative judgments about maturity and competence, adverse guidance to supplement or cease breastfeeding, and an undermining of their breastfeeding efforts. The fourth theme showed how young mothers sought alternative support in online environments to avoid negative interactions. Online spaces provided anonymity, convenience, experiential knowledge and social connections with shared values. This facilitated identity strengthening, empowerment and stigma resistance.ConclusionOur research highlights the importance of online communities as a tool for young mothers to navigate and resist the societal stigmas surrounding breastfeeding. Online spaces can provide a unique structure that can help counteract the adverse effects of social and historical determinants on breastfeeding rates by fostering a sense of inclusion and support. These findings have implications for the development of breastfeeding promotion strategies for young mothers and highlight the potential of peer support in counteracting the negative impacts of stigma. The research also sheds light on the experiences of young mothers within the health professional relationship and the effects of stigma and cultural health capital on their engagement and withdrawal from services. Further research should examine how sociocultural barriers to breastfeeding stigmatise and marginalise young mothers and continue to reflect on their socio-political and economic positioning and how it can exacerbate inequities.

(048) Women's Knowledge about Female Masturbation

Abstract Introduction The scarcity of in-depth studies on female masturbation testifies to the lack of attention paid to this crucial subject and to the cultural hurdles to talking about such a subject. This absence of evidence prevents healthcare practitioners from understanding women's experiences, needs, and challenges regarding their sexuality and sexual autonomy. It is therefore imperative to fill this knowledge gap with research studies that look at the cultural, social, and religious specificities specific to female masturbation. Objective The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge of women regarding female masturbation taking into consideration their cultural, social, and religious backgrounds. Methods We present a cross-sectional study based on an online 15-item questionnaire posted once per week, 5 weeks in a row from March 14, 2023. The online self-administered questionnaire was presented in the local written dialect. The questionnaire was divided into a sociodemographic section, a general knowledge assessment of genitalia and the sexual female function, and a section about the misconceptions and knowledge about female masturbation. All participants were self-designated female participants over the age of 18, recruited from sports centers' Facebook and Instagram pages. Results The study included 213 participants, 82% of who have attended high education institutions, and 70% were single. The mean age was 25 [18, 45]. Internet was the participants' primary informational source in 64%. Friends were the second source of information with 15%. With regard to the participants' knowledge, the results of the study reveal a diversity of levels of knowledge within our population. Some participants demonstrated a limited or incorrect understanding of female masturbation, often influenced by cultural, and religious beliefs or preconceived ideas. This inaccurate knowledge contributes to the spread of negative stereotypes and judgments about practice. Conclusions It is important to recognize that female masturbation often remains a difficult subject to discuss and is surrounded by social taboos. In light of our findings, it is clear that additional efforts are needed to promote better understanding and acceptance of female masturbation through comprehensive sexuality education programs. Disclosure No.

Chatham House of Interest and the Discourse of Globalised Political Expressions in Peter Obi’s 2023 Pre-election Speech

Chatham House, for the reason of its royalty, institutionalism and independence, has become a global beehive and platform where, especially Nigerian political actors articulate their ambitions and policies and prove the mettle of their deservedness for the nation’s helmsman’s job. Extant political discourse studies have largely examined conventional campaign speech-situations with stint considerations for political expressions offered on the postmodern globalised campaign platforms. This study, therefore, investigated Peter Obi’s Chatham House speech (POCHS) with a view to examining the contextually referenced discursive strategies that project Nigerian presidential candidacy as more of offshore interest in the twenty-first century global politics. Martin and White’s Appraisal Theory was used as the framework in analysing the elemental linguistic and non-linguistic strategies deployed in the electronically sourced POCHS. The data, processed into analysable extract-units, were subjected to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Mr. Peter Obi’s (PO) unusual employment of attitude-demonstrated ‘affect’, ‘appreciation’ and ‘judgement’ was unique in relating his global audience to virtues and attributes that qualify him for the Nigerian topmost position, presenting him as an unconventional politician. Positive and negative appreciation and judgements were used for personal-self-evaluation, corporate-self-evaluation, ‘others-self-evaluation’, and nation-self-evaluation while the bases for appreciation and judgement were personal and party competence, problems, policy gaps and solutions. PO deployed engagement as monogloss and heterrogloss on top of ‘graduation’ with intensifiers and quantifiers as force that projected ‘focus’, ‘emphasis’ and ‘analogies’. Thus, globalised political context influenced PO’s exploitation of the rarely available global platforms (Chatham House) to articulate his political ambition and manifesto. Language is, therefore, revealed as dynamic force for presentation and evaluation of persons, problems, policies and panaceas that are capable of endearing him to the expectation of the audience at Chatham House, pointing to Nigerian presidency as a phenomenon of 21st century’s global interest.

Biographer’s Appraisal in Joko Widodo Biography “Man of Contradiction and the Struggle to Remake Indonesia”

This study explores the biographer’s appraisal towards Jokowi’s contradiction and struggle to remake Indonesia. The data were obtained purposively from the chapter five of the biography “Man of Contradiction: Joko Widodo and the Struggle to Remake Indonesia” (2020) and were analyzed by applying Martin and Rose’s appraisal framework (2007). The findings reveal that positive judgments were used to assess Jokowi's actions when he became his company CEO, business association chairman, Surakarta mayor, Jakarta governor, and Indonesia president; and negative judgments to criticize his leadership style and his administration’s weaknesses and strengths. The positive appreciation was given to Jokowi’s efforts on his decision to build infrastructures throughout Indonesia, while negative appreciation on Jokowi's administration that was deemed to have covered up cases of deaths and victims of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, to indicate his feelings towards Jokowi, the biographer uses affect that covers the desires, self-confidence, worry, fear, happiness, sadness, security, insecurity, and unhappiness Jokowi experienced during his presidential administration.

Лексико-семантические особенности создания образа протагониста в романе Б. Переса Гальдоса «Сумалакарреги»

The article analyzes the linguistic features of the novel Zumalacárregui by the Spanish writer Benito Pérez Galdos, first published in 1898. The novel opens the third series of the National episodes (Episodios Nacionales) and is dedicated to the First Carlist War in Spain (1833–1840). The protagonist is the Carlist general T. de Zumalacárregui, whose Doppelgänger is the priest José Fago. General T. de Zumalacárregui is frequently mentioned in periodical publications, in memoires and in fiction of the 19–20th centuries. The article analyzes nouns, adjectives and substantive combinations used by the writer to create the image of the protagonist. The semantic fields “war”, “politics” and “religion” are distinguished among the lexical units used in relation to the general. The image of T. de Zumalacárregui is analyzed separately in the direct speech of the characters of the novel. The most common lexemes used to describe the general are “caudillo” (“leader”), “guerrero” (“warrior”), and “héroe” (“hero”). These lexical units, commonly used with positive connotations, acquire a comic connotation in the context of the novel or serve to express a negative value judgment. The vocabulary related to the semantic field “religion” at first sight repeats the clichés of Carlist propaganda, according to which T. de Zumalacárregui appears as a “martyr” who suffered for the “Cause”. At the same time, by replacing individual lexical units, the author turns the protagonist into a parody of Christ. The vocabulary related to the semantic field “politics” is analyzed. T. de Zumalacárregui appears in the work as a supporter of “Absolutism”. It is concluded that B. Pérez Galdós, copying some clichés of Carlist propaganda, created a negative image of T. de Zumalacárregui.

"How fancy you are to make us use your fancy tool": Coordinating Individuals' Tool Preference over Group Boundaries

When a group makes a decision, it necessitates the understanding and amalgamation of information from different group members. This process becomes particularly intricate in cross-boundary teams, which consist of individuals from diverse organizational backgrounds, each bringing in unique informational tools and representation modalities. People share information generated from their personal tools, and the variance in representation of such information makes it challenging to form cohesive group decisions. We conducted workshop studies with 11 knowledge workers to understand current practices of tool adaptation and negotiation in such teams. The results indicate a reluctance to adopt new tools due to perceived violations of social acceptance, often leading to negative judgments of those suggesting new tools. Consequently, participants in cross-boundary teams gravitated towards their preferred tools, complicating the aggregation of inputs and impeding cohesive decision-making. To address these challenges, we developed a platform facilitating sensemaking and decision-making without necessitating compromises on tool preferences. In our mixed-method within-subject experiments, this approach enabled faster, more informed decision-making with reduced mental load and increased engagement through enhanced social interaction and acknowledgment of diverse contributions.

Paternalism at a Distance

I argue that the distance between state and citizen gives state paternalism a pro tanto advantage over paternalism between individuals. Pace Jonathan Quong, the state neither denies nor diminishes my moral status by acting on a justified negative judgment about my rational or volitional capacities. Nor does its failure to paternalize on the basis of detailed information about individuals constitute a source of disrespect. Rather, the less discriminating nature of general legislation both reduces the risk of social stigmatization and avoids a problematic dynamic with the paternalizee. But paternalistic policies may give us reason to be concerned about superiority or contempt in policy-makers towards the citizens at whom they are directed. Governments must remain ‘faceless’ enough for paternalism to operate at a distance, but they must reassure the governed that the judgment that they can do better for them does not conceal the attitude that they are better than them.

‘Do not parade your ignorance’: Negation as a power tool of toxic geek masculinity

Catering to a primarily male user population, Reddit is often said to be a breeding ground for toxic language use, which has led to the development of multiple computational classification models for the automated identification of toxicity in online conversations. Since negation can play a key role in cyberbullying, functioning as a popular stance marker in the dialogical exchange of dominating views in the digital sphere, it should not be ignored. Likewise, its use as a rhetorical strategy deserves more linguistic attention. Described as Engagement resources of disclaim in Appraisal theory, negated constructions may be employed by Reddit users to disalign themselves from divergent perspectives through emotion-driven ad hominem attacks, not only resulting in a potentially detrimental impact on the users’ mental health, but also perpetuating toxic power relationships. Therefore, this paper examines the use of negation, in combination with various other interpersonal resources, within the Redditors’ dialogical interactions, to explore its possible motivations and role in shaping the online discourse. A computer-assisted appraisal analysis was conducted on 2637 most upvoted comments and replies (49,866 words), extracted from the subreddit of r/AustralianPolitics between 11–14 April and 7–10 May 2022, during the period leading up to the so-called federal climate change election in Australia. The study shows evidence of a seemingly dominant negation pattern characterised by negative judgement and its findings tentatively suggest that some of the male Australian users may use negation as a discursive strategy driven by ideology and emotion. This raises the possibility that the language use encountered on r/AustralianPolitics may be influenced by covert toxic geek masculinity.

Kalıpyargı Tehditinin Kardiopulmoner Resüsitasyon Performansı Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Randomize Kontrollü Manken Çalışması

Objective: Stereotype threat (ST) can lead to decreased performance when individuals face the possibility of confirming negative stereotypes associated with their group. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, non-Intensive Care Unit physicians (non-ICUp) were assigned to work in ICUs. However, social media emphasized the inadequacy of knowledge and skills among these physicians. Given the negative judgments, the study aimed to evaluate the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performances of these physicians and investigate the effect of ST. Methods: A total of 63 non-ICUp and 53 Intensive Care Unit physicians (ICUp) physicians working in COVID-19 ICUs were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, ST was manipulated by presenting the study’s aim as measuring the difference in CPR performances between ICUp and non-ICUp physicians. The control group received no information. Participants were videotaped while performing a standard CPR scenario and evaluated by independent instructors and mannequin scores. Results: Overall CPR scores were higher among ICUp. Non-ICUp performed better in the ST condition regarding effective chest compression (p=.02) and correct compression rates per minute (p=.02) compared to the control condition. However, ICUp had lower scores for correctly placing chest compressions in the ST condition (p=.03). Conclusion: The higher CPR performance among ICUp was expected. However, the hypothesis suggesting lower performance for non-ICUp under ST conditions was not supported. Inconsistent results regarding the ST effect could be influenced by moderating factors such as task difficulty, knowledge about the existing stereotype, and motivation to perform well. The interaction between the physicians’ specialty and situational factors highlights the importance of creating realistic training environments that simulate high-pressure situations, ultimately contributing to the development of competent and confident healthcare professionals. Future research should further explore the impact of ST-based training on interactions and performance among different healthcare professionals. Keywords: Stereotype threat, intensive care unit, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CovId-19

An analysis of students' speaking anxiety in performing impromptu presentation

This study explores speaking anxiety among students during impromptu presentations. Speaking anxiety, characterized by discomfort and excessive worry, can impact students' well-being and necessitate social support. The research investigates students’ experiences and influencing factors using a qualitative case study approach. Data was collected from 35 tenth-grade students at MAN 1 Garut through questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire reached 35 participants from class X-4, while interviews involved 4 selected students. Results reveal that most students experience anxiety during impromptu presentations, manifesting as nervousness, mental withdrawal, and fear of making mistakes or negative judgments. To mitigate speaking anxiety, teachers can employ strategies such as improving body language and eye contact. The study emphasizes the importance of teacher support and motivation in helping students overcome anxiety. For students, the findings underscore the commonality of speaking anxiety and the need for more practice and mental health awareness when facing spontaneous presentations. Teachers' sensitivity and patience are key to addressing this issue effectively.

Negotiating the value of rule of law through attitudinal positioning

Abstract This article examines how the value of rule of law is negotiated through public prosecutors’ attitudinal positioning of themselves and defendants in courtroom discourse. A corpus-based analysis of 120 recent Chinese digital indictments revealed that the evaluative stances of public prosecutors toward themselves invariably imply positive judgment of capacity and legal propriety in their legal investigation, thus constructing a stable and authoritative image of law enforcers. Their attitudes toward defendants are mainly negative judgments of both moral and legal propriety through various criminal actions, creating a predominantly evil image of law violators with different personae. It is through these sharply different patterns of discourse representation that public prosecutors tactically construct and negotiate attitudes toward crime and justice, thus establishing mainstream judicial values during legal proceedings. This study may shed new light on the research of legal argumentation for negotiating judicial values under the civil law system in this digital era.

Exploring Psychological Mechanisms of OCA in Jordanian Universities: A Case Study of Al al-Bayt University

Oral Communication Apprehension casts a long shadow for many Jordanian students, hindering their ability to thrive in an immersive language environment. This qualitative study examined the inner workings of Oral Communication Apprehension (OCA) fifteen Jordanian students at Al al-Bayt University, exploring the specific psychological processes and mechanisms that fuel this anxiety. Through in-depth interviews, the research investigates how students experience OCA both inside and outside the classroom, revealing a complex interplay of factors. Fear of negative judgment, avoidance behaviors, speaking anxiety, lack of confidence in English skills, and persistent self-criticism intertwine and reinforce each other, creating a vicious cycle that impedes fluency and engagement. This research builds on existing knowledge on OCA and anxiety, offering valuable insights into the unique experiences of Jordanian learners and the specific challenges they face. Finally, the study suggests that pedagogical implications can be used to reduce and alleviate the negative impacts of these psychological factors on the smoothness of oral communication and speaking fluency.