Negative Judgments Research Articles

Within-person reciprocal associations between peer victimization and need for approval.

Prior research links need for approval (NFA; the extent to which self-worth is contingent on peer approval or disapproval) to critical developmental outcomes, but little is known about how NFA develops over time or within social contexts. To address this gap, the present study used a sophisticated analytic approach (autoregressive latent trajectory modeling with standardized residuals) to examine dynamic associations between one salient social experience-peer victimization-and two dimensions of NFA, conceptualized in terms of approach motivation (NFAapproach; enhanced self-worth based on peer approval) and avoidance motivation (NFAavoid; depleted self-worth based on peer disapproval). Following 636 youth (338 girls; Mage = 7.96 years at Wave 1; 66.7% White; 35.0% subsidized school lunch) from second to seventh grade, analyses revealed that peer victimization predicts subsequent increases in NFAavoid, which in turn predicts subsequent increases in victimization. Findings also revealed that although mean levels of NFAavoid decrease during childhood, increases or decreases in NFA become more entrenched. Thus, childhood peer victimization may disrupt normative decreases in NFAavoid and contribute to a cycle in which negative peer judgments increasingly foster low self-worth and further peer difficulties. Preventing this cycle may require encouraging peer-victimized youth to base their self-worth on internal standards rather than peer feedback while helping them develop positive relationships that promote self-worth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Partisanship and the trolley problem: Partisan willingness to sacrifice members of the other party

Do partisans view members of the other party as having lower moral status? While research shows that partisans view the out-group quite poorly, we show that affective polarization extends to expressing a willingness to sacrifice an out-partisan’s life. We report the first study to consider partisanship in the classic “trolley problem” in which respondents are asked whether they would sacrifice an individual’s life in order to save the life of five individuals. We explore this issue with a nationally representative survey experiment in the United States, inquiring about politicized variants of the trolley problem case. First, we vary the political affiliations of both the group of five (to be saved by turning the trolley) and the single individual (to be sacrificed by turning the trolley). We find that individuals are less willing to sacrifice a co-partisan for the sake of a group of out-partisans. These findings go beyond earlier work by suggesting that partisans not only hold negative attitudes and judgments toward political out-groups but also they will at least signal approval of differing moral treatment. We take stock of how these results bear on normative questions in democratic theory.

Discursive Strategies of Blaming: The Language of Judgment and Political Protest Online.

Modern politics is permeated by blame games-symbolic struggles over the blameworthiness or otherwise of various social actors. In this article, we develop a framework for identifying different strategies of blaming that protesters use on social media to criticize and delegitimize governments and political leaders. We draw on the systemic functional linguistic theory of Appraisal to distinguish between blame attributions based on negative judgments of the target's (1) capacity, such as references to their incompetence and policy failures; (2) veracity, questioning their truthfulness or honesty via references to deceitful character or dishonest acts and utterances; (3) propriety, questioning their moral standing by references to, for instance, corruption; and (4) tenacity, suggesting that the politicians are not dependable due to, for example, dithering. We add to this a further threefold distinction based on whether blaming is focused on the target's (1) bad character, (2) bad behavior, or (3) negative outcomes that the target either caused or did not prevent from happening. To illustrate the approach, we analyze a corpus of replies by Twitter users to tweets by British government ministers about two highly contentious issues, Covid-19 and Brexit, in 2020-2021. We suggest that the methodology outlined here could provide a useful avenue for systematically revealing and comparing a variety of realizations of blaming in large datasets of online conflict talk, thereby providing a more fine-grained understanding of the practices of protest and delegitimation in modern politics.

SELF

The self is a phenomenon that begins to form from the first years of life, continues its development, can be affected by life events, and may have an impact on the mental and physical conditions of individuals. A professional nursing care is possible if a nurse is able to plan the patients' care, by discovering and figuring out their behaviors and placing their subjectivity at the center of the care. Nurse should not only assess the individuals but also consider how they see and perceive themselves and their positive and negative judgments about themselves. The aim of this review is to explain the concepts of self, self-esteem, and low and high self, which have a determining power in the future life style and relationships of individuals and they obtain by interacting with their circle and receive feedback from them. Another aim of the study is to examine importance of the factors associated with self-concept and the effects of these factors on the mental and physical conditions of individuals in planning of nursing care.

El rol de las narraciones autobiográficas en la comprensión histórica del sujeto y su comunidad

This article collects the results of an interventional research regarding the educational possibilities and obstacles that arose after the implementation in the classroom of a teaching and learning sequence that sought to link the historical narratives with the autobiographical fragments of young people around the Civil Military Dictatorship. in Chile (1973-1990). This qualitative research acquired the methodology of content analysis in thirteen stories written by high school students in a paid private school in Santiago de Chile. The results show that the student group elaborated narratives with different structures according to the temporal context. Thus, the autobiographical fragments acquire prominence in the present and future, since the students explained some personal ideas from conceptual quasi-characters (individualism) that were consolidated in the Chilean dictatorial context. Despite the above, the quasi-characters incorporated in the stories limited the spaces of freedom of the subjects and hindered, on some occasions, the incorporation of the individuality of the students. In addition, the presence of the past-present-future temporality allowed the autobiographical to be incorporated into a broader temporal context, characterized by negative judgments about the political conflict and by ways of acting as citizens restricted to individual spaces, preventing the encounter with others. In conclusion, the links between the content and skills of historical thinking with autobiographical narratives are not natural, but complex to work in school and present challenges on how students can understand themselves historically.

Terapi kognitif untuk menurunkan kecemasan mendapat penilaian negatif pada individu dewasa

Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) is a condition in which individuals are afraid to get negative evaluations from others, stay away from situations related to evaluation, and expect others to evaluate negatively. This is in accordance with the subject where she experiences anxiety when interacting with strangers, expresses opinions in many people's forums and finds it difficult to interact with men. This condition is caused her belief will be judged negatively by others. The assessment was carried out using interviews, observation. Graphic tests (Draw a Person, BAUM, House Tree Person) and Sack’s Sentences Completion Test. Cognitive therapy with cognitive restructuring are given yo reducing anxiety that is judged negatively by others. The results show that the subject can realize that her thoughts are not always correct, so she no longer focuses on the negative judgments of others

The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Italy.

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms in Italian medical students and to identify the associated factors. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered to second-sixth year medical students of the University of Torino, collecting data on the students’ sociodemographics, COVID-19 exposure, anxiety, depression and stress symptoms. Three hierarchical regressions adjusted for age, gender and year of study were executed. Results: The sample size was 1359. The prevalence of anxiety, depression symptoms, moderate perceived stress and severe perceived stress was 47.8%, 52.1%, 56.2% and 28.4%, respectively. The factors associated with mental health symptoms were: being a woman, a family history of psychiatric disorders, living off-site, competitive/hostile climates and unsatisfying friendships among classmates, poor relationships with cohabitants, negative judgment of medical school choice, fear of COVID-19 infection, feelings of loneliness, distressing existential reflections, and a worsening psychological condition related to the pandemic. Being in the fourth or sixth year constituted a protective factor for depression symptoms. Conclusions: Mental health in medical students was associated with both COVID-independent and COVID-related factors. Accessibility to effective interventions must be increased to counteract these changes.

The impact of developmental language disorder in a defendant's description on mock jurors' perceptions and judgements.

While it has been posited that young people with language needs may be viewed more negatively (e.g., as more rude, less cooperative) than those without language needs, the impact of knowing about a person's language needs on others' perceptions has yet to experimentally tested. To examine whether the presence of a developmental language disorder (DLD) diagnosis in a defendant's information would affect mock juror ratings of guilt, sentence length, credibility and blameworthiness. A total of 143 jury eligible participants read a vignette of a non-violent crime. Half of the participants (N = 73) were told the defendant has a diagnosis of DLD, while half (N = 70) were not told. Preregistered analyses found that DLD information affected ratings of credibility and blameworthiness, though not judgements of guilt or sentence length. Unregistered content analyses were applied to the justifications participants gave for their ratings: these suggested that participants who did not have the DLD information judged the defendant more on his personality and attitude, and drew more links to his (perceived) background, while participants who received the DLD information condition made more reference to him having cognitive problems. Unlike in previous studies of the impact of autism information, information about a defendant's DLD did not affect mock jurors' likelihood of finding them guilty, or lead participants to give longer sentences. However, our findings suggest knowing a person has DLD does affect others' perceptions of credibility and blameworthiness. What is already known on the subject There is already evidence that some conditions that affect communication, specifically autism, also affect juror perceptions. Research also shows that knowing whether or not a defendant has autism influences how jurors rate defendants. However, autism is not the only condition that is relevant to juror perceptions, as we also know that a high rate of young offenders have language needs, and many have language profiles like DLD. What this paper adds to existing knowledge There is little research on how behaviours associated with DLD impact others' perceptions. This study reports the impact of knowing about a defendant's DLD on juror perceptions, investigating whether knowing about DLD improves judgements on guilt, sentencing lengths, credibility and culpability. Beyond the content of youth offending, this study suggests behaviours associated with DLD lead people to form more negative judgements about youth with DLD. This is important because there is still a lack of awareness of DLD both in- and outside the criminal justice system. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? This study shows that knowing about a person's DLD has largely positive effects on others' perceptions of them. This implies that recognizing undetected language needs in young offenders, and supporting colleagues and members of the public to know what DLD is and how it affects people, is critical for youth with DLD to be judged fairly. This study will support the case for raising awareness of vulnerability within the youth justice population, and will assist in clinicians evidencing the need for our roles in justice settings.

In what context do scholars differentiate recreation and tourism in park studies?

This paper investigated how recreation and tourism differ in academic publications by scholars. According to the analysis of abstracts from publications in Hospitality, Leisure, Sports, and Tourism (HLST) and Environmental Sciences (ES1), we found that scholars use the terms recreation and tourism differently in two major contexts: 1) when the two terms are both used in different but context-based related meanings and 2) when the two terms are used differently without context-based related meanings. In the latter context, there are semantic tendency differences between the two terms: tourism is situated more in tendentious contexts than recreation, regardless of whether it is negative or positive; also, negative semantic value judgement accorded to tourism is detected in a small percentage of the investigated publications (4/117). The context in which the two words are used with different but context-based related meanings, including park service and business, visitor activity and behavior, and park resource utilization. This paper investigated how recreation and tourism differ in academic publications related to park studies. The following theoretical and practical implications are provided to guide future research on how to use these two concepts appropriately. - when indicating a neutral semantic tendency, tourism and recreation can be interchangeably used in most of the contexts of visitor use and activities impact, and sometimes in the context of park area businesses and industrial economics. - when indicating a non-neutral semantic tendency and in a context that one term can be replaced by the other without affecting the meaning of the sentence, the two terms should be used simultaneously to avoid semantic value judgement. - when investigating park service and business, visitor activity and behavior, and park resource utilization, tourism and recreation can be used as different and related concepts.

"Were you wearing underwear?" Stigma and fears around sexual violence: A narrative of stranger rape and considerations for mental health nurses when working with survivors.

WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT?: Although sexual violence is prevalent, incidents of stranger rape remain statistically uncommon. Societal stigma and myths surrounding sexual violence are widespread. An individual's experience in the immediate aftermath and beyond can be shaped by the perception/s of sexual violence which are held and expressed by those they come into contact with. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper adds to the limited literature base and the population and practical-knowledge gap around a specific form of sexual violence. This paper also demonstrates the need for reflection and discussion in minimizing blame that can unconsciously be shifted onto survivors in the form of myths and stereotypical views of sexual violence. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Perceptions may be held around sexual violence, and by extension about the survivor, which may impede engagement and the building of trust within a therapeutic relationship. Myths that are synonymous with rape and all forms of sexual violence can be held by professionals, and lead to blame, negative judgement and lack of empathy towards survivors. Given the prevalence of sexual violence, this paper is applicable across all health and social care settings, and in particular mental health nursing professionals who may be more likely to meet people who have experienced sexual trauma. ABSTRACT: Introduction This narrative illustrates the lived experience of a specific form of sexual violence (stranger rape) and its resulting implications as experienced by the second author, which is discussed under the following headings: your body as a crime scene, how lived experience compares to the myth of the 'real rape' and the wellbeing and health consequences arising from the experience. [Correction added on 5 September 2022, after first online publication: The preceding paragraph has been corrected in this version.] Aim In their capacity as mental health nurses, the authors invite readers to consider the spoken, or more likely unheard stories of sexual violence, which are unfortunately commonplace among those who access mental health services. Implications for Practice For professionals holding the privileged position of hearing these stories, there is a need to be reflective as to how fear, and personal or professionally held myths and stigmatizing views of sexual violence, and by extension views towards the survivor, are carried into therapeutic spaces, and the implications these can have. Practical suggestions as to how to discuss and manage disclosure of sexual violence in the context of trauma informed care are also provided.

Breaking Points in the Context of Compliance with Arabic in the Soundness of Recitations. (Sîbeveyh, Kisâî, İbn Cinnî)

Pek çok sahih hadiste zikredildiği üzere, Kur’ân yedi harf üzere nâzil olmuştur. Bu yedi harfin farklı lehçeleri ifade ettiği konusunda kıraat âlimlerinin neredeyse ittifakı vardır. Bu yedi farklı lehçe olgusunun bir yansıması olarak, Kur’ân'ın yanlış okunmasını önlemeye yönelik çabalar, Hz. Peygamber dönemine kadar dayanmaktadır. Ancak Hz. Peygamber'in vefatından sonra insanlar, ihtilafa düştükleri kıraatleri sormak için kesin bilgi kaynağını kaybetmiş oldular. Bu bağlamda ihtilaf arttığında kıraat âlimleri, sahih kıraat ile sahih olmayan kıraati ayırt etmek için üç şart ileri sürmüşlerdir. Bu üç şarttan birincisi kıraatin Hz. Peygamber’e mütevâtir olarak ulaşması, ikincisi Mesâhif-i Osman'a uygun olması, üçüncüsü ise herhangi bir Arap lehçesine uygun olmasıdır. Kıraat âlimleri, Araplar tarafından konuşulan bu lehçenin yaygın olmasının veya nahivcilerin üzerinde anlaşmaya vardığı bir lehçe olmasının şart olmadığını söylemişlerdir. Ebu İshak el-Hadramî (ö. 117/735), Halil b. Ahmed el-Ferahîdî (ö. 175/791) ve Yunus b. Habîb (ö. 182/798) gibi erken dönem nahivciler, kıraatlerin lehçelere uygunluğunu incelerken kıraatler ve râvileri hakkında olumsuz hükümler vermekten kaçınmışlardır. Sîbeveyh(ö. 180/796) ise kıraatleri Basra nahiv ekolünün kuralları ile değerlendirmiş ve bu kurallara uymayan kıraatleri yanlış veya çirkin olmakla itham ederek bu olguyu farklı bir boyuta taşımıştır. Kisâî (ö. 189/805) de kıraatlere hem kıraatçi hem de dilci kimliğiyle yaklaşmış, Sîbeveyh'in reddettiği birçok kıraati doğru kabul etmiş ve bunlara dayanarak yeni nahiv kuralları oluşturmuştur. İbn Cinnî(ö. 392/1002) de Sîbeveyh ve onu takip edenlerin reddettiği kıraatlerin nahivsel değerini ortaya koymak için el-Muhteseb’i yazmış, Sîbeveyh ve onu takip edenleri de eleştirerek bu olguyu kıraatçilerin istediği noktaya getirmiştir.

Do You Mind if I Ask You a Personal Question? How AI Service Agents Alter Consumer Self-Disclosure

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown rapidly in the service industry and AI’s emotional capabilities have become an important feature for interacting with customers. The current research examines personal disclosures that occur during consumer interactions with AI and humans in service settings. We found that consumers’ lay beliefs about AI (i.e., a perceived lack of social judgment capability) lead to enhanced disclosure of sensitive personal information to AI (vs. humans). We identify boundaries for this effect such that consumers prefer disclosure to humans over AI in (i) contexts where social support (rather than social judgment) is expected and (ii) contexts where sensitive information will be curated by the agent for social dissemination. In addition, we reveal underlying psychological processes such that the motivation to avoid negative social judgment favors disclosing to AI whereas seeking emotional support favors disclosing to humans. Moreover, we reveal that adding humanlike factors to AI can increase consumer fear of social judgment (reducing disclosure in contexts of social risk) while simultaneously increasing perceived AI capacity for empathy (increasing disclosure in contexts of social support). Taken together, these findings provide theoretical and practical insights into tradeoffs between utilizing AI versus human agents in service contexts.

The Language of Evaluation in the Age’s News on Huawei 5G Technology

As China accelerates the pace of technology development, the “China Tech Threat” pervades the Western media. The representative Chinese tech enterprise Huawei suffers questioning on its international strategy. Based on Martin’s ATTITUDE system in his appraisal framework, the paper explores attitudinal resources in the Age’s news discourses on Huawei 5G technology with UAM Corpus Tool. The research analyses the attitudinal resources with statistics and figures out Huawei’s technological image established in these discourses. Among these resources, negative judgment resources are of the highest frequency, followed by appreciation resources and at last by affect resources, implying that the texts make a negative evaluation of Huawei’s capacity, propriety, and social value. The present study illustrates how attitudinal resources play an important role in constructing Huawei’s technological image and enriches the current reservoir that stores relatively insufficient case analyses of news discourses about technology.

The Moralization of Intrinsic Motivation

Business research and practice have emphasized the value of intrinsic motivation for over 50 years. In this paper, I argue that this valuation can have unintended negative consequences for employees. Specifically, I suggest that employees may internalize the ways their colleagues, leaders, organizations, and society value intrinsic motivation and come to associate it with superior morality. I conceptualize this process as the moralization of intrinsic motivation and describe how it shapes employees’ negative value judgments of and behaviors toward others and themselves in the domains of performance appraisal, cooperation, and engagement. This research contributes to the management literature by investigating (a) the social nature of intrinsic motivation, (b) the unintended negative intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes of our long-standing emphasis on intrinsic motivation, and (c) the relative disadvantages for employees who do not—and cannot—experience intrinsic motivation. I end by discussing the role of business research and education in potentially reducing the moralization of intrinsic motivation and its negative impacts.

The Divisional Game: Using Procedural Rights to Impede Generic/Biosimilar Market Entry

Despite being used frequently by practitioners in a wide array of technical fields, divisional patent applications (“divisionals”) seldom attract scholarly attention. The lack of scholarly attention is an error, particularly in the pharmaceutical field. Recent case law in the UK reveals that after generic/biosimilar manufacturers successfully revoke patents standing in the way of market entry, divisionals claiming protection for similar subject-matter as the patent that has just been revoked can crop up, hindering generic/biosimilar medicines from entering the market. Moreover, right before or after proceedings start, rightsholders de-designate countries to avoid a negative judgment that may affect a court elsewhere, meaning generic/biosimilar manufacturers initiated legal proceedings for nothing. Such practices demonstrate that divisionals deserve our attention. This article thus fills the scholarly gap by showing how divisionals are (mis)used in practice, before arguing that patent reform is necessary to prevent this from occurring.

Exploring weight bias internalization in pregnancy

BackgroundRecent research has shown that pregnant individuals experience weight stigma throughout gestation, including negative comments and judgement associated with gestational weight gain (GWG). Weight bias internalization (WBI) is often a result of exposure to weight stigma and is detrimental to biopsychological health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore WBI in pregnancy and compare scores based on maternal weight-related factors including pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), obesity diagnosis and excessive GWG.MethodsPregnant individuals in Canada and USA completed a modified version of the Adult Weight Bias Internalization Scale. Self-reported pre-pregnancy height and weight were collected to calculate and classify pre-pregnancy BMI. Current weight was also reported to calculate GWG, which was then classified as excessive or not based on Institute of Medicine (2009) guidelines. Participants indicated if they were diagnosed with obesity by a healthcare provider. Inferential analyses were performed comparing WBI scores according to pre-pregnancy BMI, excessive GWG, and obesity diagnosis. Significance was accepted as p < 0.05 and effect sizes accompanied all analyses.Result336 pregnant individuals completed the survey, with an average WBI score of 3.9 ± 1.2. WBI was higher among those who had a pre-pregnancy BMI of obese than normal weight (p = 0.04, η2 = 0.03), diagnosed with obesity than not diagnosed (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.3), and gained excessively versus not (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.2).ConclusionsPregnant individuals who have a higher BMI, obesity and gain excessively may experience WBI. Given that weight stigma frequently occurs in pregnancy, effective person-oriented strategies are needed to mitigate stigma and prevent and care for WBI.

The Influence of Media Coverage on the Negative Perception of Migrants in Chile.

How mass media frame information about migrants is vital to further their well-being and social inclusion in the host society. However, it can also encourage forms of discrimination and xenophobia. In Chile, migration is a theme of great relevance due to a substantial increase in the flow of migrants over the last ten years, as well as the acts of extreme violence toward this group. Thus, this research analyzes how mass media coverage of migrants influences Chileans’ perception of migrants. Adopting an experimental design, we implemented a large-scale, representative online survey with citizens over 18 years of age (N = 2227) and an experiment with combined access to positive and negative news about migrants in different news outlets. The regression analysis showed differences between citizens regarding the type of daily relationships they are willing to maintain with the migrant population. Furthermore, exposure to news about migration was the primary variable that explains why people consider this phenomenon one of the main problems affecting the country, confirming the agenda-setting theory. The experiment also indicated a causal relationship between the exposure to negative content and negative judgment about this group and their presence in the country.

Parental Health Literacy and NICU Provider Bias

The purpose was to explore the perceptions of bias and transition readiness for parents of Black preterm newborns before NICU discharge within the construct of parental health literacy (PHL). Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality for Black infants in the United States. The readiness of parents to transition to providing care at home after NICU discharge must be prioritized. PHL is the degree to which parents can access, understand, and apply information related to the care of their newborn. Implicit bias is an unconscious negative association or judgment about an individual or group based on personal characteristics. Parental perceptions of bias toward them by NICU providers negatively affect the establishment of trusting relationships. Optimal transfer of information pertinent to the care of the newborn after NICU discharge requires trust, potentially facilitating continuation of disparate Black infant morbidity and mortality outcomes.

Grammatical Coding and the Discursive Construction of Participants: Spanish Passives in Written Press News Discourse

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative analysis of two Spanish constructions that are usually characterised as passive, namely the periphrastic or attributive passive – formed with the verb ser ‘be’ plus a participle – and the reflexive passive – formed with third‐person reflexive clitic se. An isomorphic functional approach is adopted whereby the inherent syntactic‐semantic features of each construction are considered to be at the basis of their discourse‐pragmatic uses. Using a corpus of local written news pieces from the Peninsular town of Salamanca, the grammatical expression of both the initiators and the endpoints of events in each construction is quantitatively and qualitatively analysed, paying special attention to their variable encoding and placement within the clause and the semantic correlates of formal variation. While attributive passives are used to predicate transitive events of topical endpoints, reflexive passives often conceptualise events as thetic, reducing transitivity and defocusing initiators. These meanings are projected onto the discourse‐pragmatic domain by favouring different interpretations of the role of human participants, particularly with respect to their involvement in events amenable to negative judgements. This supports the hypothesis that the syntax and semantics of each grammatical construction are undetachable from its communicative potential in specific contexts.

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protection from various intellectual deviations is one of the of most important aspect that those responsible for the security and stability of society should address. One of these intellectual deviations "extremism and extremism", which tends to destroy souls. and correct perceptions and ideas.Therefore the European councils intended about the manifestations of intellectual deviation of contemporary youth and the sound thought moves souls towards civilization and progress, and these manifestations of "extremism and extremism" push the thinking into multiple paths of sharpness on their opinions, and transcend the limits in denying the different with him and the tendency to the farthest solutions with the presence of the closest and mistrust of others, and negative judgment in advance. Shariah texts. My research on the important topic will be entitled: "Extremism and extremism lead to intellectual deviation among contemporary youth and ways to fortify them comprehensively in the Qur'an and prophetic sunnah (an extrapolated critical study) and the objectives of the research will be: - identifying the most important factors that contributed to the formulation of the stereotype of Islam in the Western media - ways to correct the image of the Islamic reality of the Western imagination - a statement that extremism are reason for intellectual deviation of contemporary youth.And Its impact on the individual and society. As for the research approach used in it is the descriptive and analytical approach, we ask God to achieve for us the desired goals and objectives of this research.