Negative Interference Research Articles

Evaluation of interference factors in creatinine measurement by using new guideline CLSI EP7-A3

Objective To investigate the interfering factors in the determination of creatinine(Cr) using the American Clinical Laboratory Standards Association (CLSI) EP7-A3 document. Methods According to the CLSI EP7-A3 document, fresh serum (no hemolysis, lipemia, and jaundice) was used on the day of the experiment and confirmed the interfering substances through the pairing difference experiment and the point-to-point analysis method was used in the dose effect experiment to clarify the difference of interfering substances. Results Triglyceride (16.94 mmol/L), dobutamine hydrochloride (4.01 μmol/L), ascorbic acid (298 μmol/L) did not interfere with the determination of Cr. Free bilirubin (684 μmol/L), conjugated bilirubin (684 μmol/L), calcium hydroxybenzene sulfonate (144 μmol/L) and hemoglobin (10 g/L) were used as the maximum concentrations of interferences for the dose effect test, the results showed that the above interferences had negative interference on the determination of Cr. Conclusion According to EP7-A3, it is valuable to evaluate the interference factors of creatinine determination. Key words: Interference experiment; Creatinine

Beyond arbitrary interference: the right to a home? Developing socio-economic duties in the European Convention on Human Rights

This paper is concerned with divergent trends in the protection of socio-economic rights by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). It focuses on the potential to gain access to housing or housing-related benefits through the incremental development of positive obligations in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). First, it argues that, despite the conceptual inadequacy of the positive–negative dichotomy of rights, its influence is still strongly reflected in the ECtHR’s jurisprudence. It demonstrates that, despite the potential to develop the positive aspects of Articles 3 and 8 ECHR to protect vulnerable homeless individuals in respect of their need for shelter, strategic successes of the past decade, such as Connors v UK and McCann v UK, reflect a bias towards claims involving negative interference with the enjoyment of an existing home. Second, the article considers the implications of a trend towards the harmonisation of socio-economic rights in member states, through use of the fair trial right in Article 6, or the right to equal treatment in Article 14, read with Article 1 of Protocol 1 ECHR. It argues that, despite the impression of progress in Tsfayo v UK and Stec v UK, ,the ECtHR has relied on an artificial extension of substantive rights to a fair trial or to property covered by the Convention, rather than on efforts to address issues of socio-economic disadvantage more holistically through the development of a principled jurisprudence of positive obligations in the ECHR.

In Vitro Demonstration of Drug-Reagent Interactions Among Commonly Used Parenteral Drugs in Cardiology.

Drug-drug interactions are undesirable, as they reduce drug bioavailability. Drug-reagent interactions in biochemical tests may directly affect the accuracy of test results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of drug-reagent interactions of drugs used in cardiology on different cardiac markers (troponin I, Nt-proBNP, CK-MB mass, CK, AST, and LDH) and the D-dimer test. Eleven drugs (enoxaparin, tirofiban hydrochloride monohydrate, diltiazem, glyceryl trinitrate, metoprolol, epinephrine, heparin sodium, atropine sodium, furosemide, norepinephrine tartrate, and amiodarone HCl) were tested in an interference study. The interference protocol was applied to the control material of troponin I, CK-MB mass, Nt-proBNP, CK, AST, LDH tests with 11 different drugs and performed with analyzers. Cardiac Markers Plus Control (Bio-Rad, Irvine, CA, USA; Lot: 23662) materials were used to assess the impact of drug-reagent interactions on the accuracy of tests of cardiac markers based on immunoassay methods. The bias rate, defined as the extent of deviation from the target value (bias %), in the interference study was calculated in each test. For all 11 drugs, positive interference in the range of 43.58% to 130.06% occurred in the CK-MB mass test, whereas positive interference in the range of 11.98% to 107.44% occurred in the troponin I test. All the drugs, except enoxaparin sodium, led to negative interference in the range of - 84.21 to -29.6% in the Nt-proBNP test. In the D-dimer test, amiodarone HCl and diltiazem caused interference (122.87% and 28.08%, respectively). The percentage of interference caused by the other drugs ranged from -1.27% to 11.44%. Minimal deviations in the target values (between -3.31% and 3.86%) were observed in the CK, AST, and LDH tests measured using spectrophotometric methods. Parenteral drugs used in cardiology can significantly interfere with troponin I, CK-MB mass, Nt-proBNP, and D-dimer tests in the analytical phase because of drug-reagent interactions. Minimal deviations in the CK, AST, and LDH tests were observed using spectrophotometric methods. Thus, changes in test results may be due to drug interference rather than the treatment itself. Clinicians should consider the possibility of drug interference in cases of doubtful cardiac test results that do not comply with the diagnosis.

Theoretical interpretation of the [formula omitted] decay and the nature of a0(980)

In a recent paper [1], the BESIII Collaboration reported the so-called first observation of pure W-annihilation decays Ds+→a0+(980)π0 and Ds+→a00(980)π+. The measured absolute branching fractions are, however, puzzlingly larger than those of other measured pure W-annihilation decays by at least one order of magnitude. In addition, the relative phase between the two decay modes is found to be about 180 degrees. In this letter, we show that all these can be easily understood if the a0(980) is a dynamically generated state from K¯K and πη interactions in coupled channels. In such a scenario, the Ds+ decay proceeds via internal W emission instead of W-annihilation, which has a larger decay rate than W-annihilation. The proposed decay mechanism and the molecular nature of the a0(980) also provide a natural explanation to the measured negative interference between the two decay modes.

Assessment of biotin interference in thyroid function tests.

The aim of the study was to systematically characterize the interference of biotin on thyroid function tests and biotin washout periods.Ten healthy adults were recruited with administration of 5 and 10 mg/d biotin for 7 days. Analyte concentrations of thyroid function tests were measured at baseline prior to starting biotin and from 2 hours to 2 days after withdrawal of 5 and 10 mg/d biotin. The outcomes were compared the baseline with the several points after taking biotin at Roche cobas e602, Beckman UniCel DxI 800, and Abbott Architect 2000 immunoassay platforms, respectively.Ingesting 5 or 10 mg/d of biotin for 7 days could produce positive or negative interference among the thyroid function tests at Roche cobas e602 and Beckman UniCel DxI 800 systems, but no interference on Abbott Architect 2000. Interference duration of 5 mg/d biotin for Roche cobas e602 and Beckman UniCel DxI 800 of thyroid function tests lasted for 8 hours, while 10 mg/d biotin interfered with Roche cobas e602 or Beckman UniCel DxI 800 for 1 day or 2 days.This study provides valuable guidance on biotin washout periods at doses common in over-the-counter supplements necessary to avoid false assay results.Trial registration: ChiCTR1800020472.

A Robust Method for Speech Replay Attack Detection

Spoofing attacks, especially replay attacks, pose great security challenges to automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems. Current works on replay attacks detection primarily focused on either developing new features or improving classifier performance, ignoring the effects of feature variability, e.g., the channel variability. In this paper, we first establish a mathematical model for replay speech and introduce a method for eliminating the negative interference of the channel. Then a novel feature is proposed to detect the replay attacks. To further boost the detection performance, four post-processing methods using normalization techniques are investigated. We evaluate our proposed method on the ASVspoof 2017 dataset. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms the competing methods in terms of detection accuracy. More interestingly, we find that the proposed normalization strategy could also improve the performance of the existing algorithms.

СКРИНІНГ ЦВІЛЕВИХ ГРИБІВ НА ЗДАТНІСТЬ ДО СИНТЕЗУ КРЕАТИНІНДЕІМІНАЗИ

Determination of creatinine concentration in biological fluids is becoming increasingly relevant as a clinical test. Various chemical and physico-chemical methods have been proposed to determine creatinine concentration in biological samples, including various modifications of the well-known Jaffe color reaction, although it has several drawbacks, namely, a low specificity and sensitivity to positive and negative interference from related substances. In addition, the available methods are time consuming, require a complicated sample preparation procedure, expensive reagents, highly qualified personnel and, most importantly, do not allow real-time analysis. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to enzymatic methods for the determination of creatinine, particularly, using microbial creatinine deiminase. In this regard, the search for new microorganisms – effective producers of specific creatinine deiminases – is an actual task for microbial enzymology and analytical biotechnology. We have analyzed creatinine deiminase activity for 10 strains of different molds: Botrytis aclada , Botrytis allii 100(5), Monilinia fructicola , Sporobolomyces salmonicolor , Totula sp., Stachybotris chartarum , Pichiapini , Aspergillus oryzea , Trichoderma lignorum , Aspergillus glaucus , Trichothecium roseum , Aureobasidium pullulans . Among the strains tested, the enzyme activity was detected in the following species: M. fructicola, A. pullulans, B. allii, T. roseum, and C. g lobosum , although only two fungi, B. allii and C. globosum , were able to use creatinine as the sole nitrogen source. Creatinine deiminase activity in cell free extracts of B. allii and C. globosum , grown in glucose medium supplemented with creatinine (as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, respectively) was 2.5 and 1.5 times higher, related to that for the strains grown in glucose-sodium nitrate medium. Therefore, the fungi B. allii and C. globosum can be used for isolation of creatinine deiminase to be used in construction of biosensors selective to creatinine.

Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa.

Increased anthropogenic nutrient input has led to eutrophication of lakes and ponds, resulting worldwide in more frequent and severe cyanobacterial blooms. In particular, enhanced availability of phosphorus (P) can promote cyanobacterial mass developments and may affect the content of secondary metabolites in cyanobacteria, such as protease inhibitors (PIs). PIs are common among cyanobacteria and have been shown to negatively affect herbivorous zooplankton. Here, we test the hypothesis that P-limitation reduces the growth of Microcystis, but increases the content of PIs. In batch culture experiments with eight different initial phosphate concentrations (5–75 µM) we determined growth, stoichiometry, and PI content of Microcystis aeruginosa NIVA Cya 43. This strain produces the protease inhibitor BN920 that is converted by chlorination to CP954, which constitutes the major PI in this strain. C:N:P-ratios of the biomass indicated variation of P-limitation with treatment and time. When normalized to biomass, the PI content varied up to nearly nineteen-fold with treatment and time and was highest in the low-P treatments, especially during the mid-exponential growth phase. However, these effects were alleviated under nitrogen co-limitation. The content of CP954 showed an inverse u-shaped response to growth rate and C:N-ratio of the cyanobacterial biomass, whereas it increased with cyanobacterial C:P. The results indicate that P-limitation supports a higher content of defensive PIs and may indirectly foster cyanobacterial blooms by increasing the negative interference of cyanobacteria with their consumers.

Presence of ankyloglossia and breastfeeding in babies born in Lima, Peru: a longitudinal study.

to evaluate the lingual frenulum and breastfeeding in infants from a maternal-perinatal referral center, as well as to monitor infants with ankyloglossia up to six months of age. a cohort study conducted at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal - Maternidad de Lima in Lima, Peru. The consecutive intentional sample consisted of 304 newborns and their respective mothers, evaluated during December 2017 and January 2018, which were the baseline of the study. A clinical evaluation of the lingual frenulum adapted and the Clinical Evaluation of Breastfeeding Efficacy (CEBE) scale, was performed. of the 304 newborns, 15 (4.9%) were considered with altered frenulum, and only 4 (26.7%) presented a low score in CEBE. The mean of the CEBE score was 9.3. (DP=1.35, Min=3, Max=10). Of the follow-up infants, only 2 (13.3%) persisted with breastfeeding difficulties for which frenotomy was indicated. This study demonstrates the low prevalence of ankyloglossia in infants, as it does not indicate a trend of difficulty or negative interference in breastfeeding.

Comparative analysis of a specific type of lexical collocation (light verb + noun) in Croatian, Italian and English language and its use in classroom teaching of lexis

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview and the analysis of collocations, one of the most significant aspects of idiomatic use of language. A special emphasis has been put on a comparative review of the most common Light Verb Constructions consisting of light verbs (cro. lagani glagoli, ital. verbi supporto) and nouns in Croatian, English and Italian language. The aforementioned construction is chosen since it is extremely common in the early stages of language acquisition. Moreover, the aim of the conducted contrastive analysis has been to determine overlaps in order to use the examples of positive transfer in teaching lexis (English/Italian – L2), as well as to prevent negative interference such as false analogies. The research is based on the assumption that the number of completely concordant collocations taught in the early stages of foreign language acquisition is limited. Thus, prompt detection and putting emphasis on their relevance is essential. Following the discussion of the results of the contrastive analysis, the relevance of teaching collocations, i.e. presenting the most common collocations simultaneously with new vocabulary will be stressed. In accordance with the above­mentioned, we believe that collocational approach is the most useful and effective in teaching languages.

Serious interference of dissolved organic compounds in the laser induced fluorimetric determination of uranium in water: a selective & sensitive method for the laser induced fluorimetric determination of uranium in water

In this report, serious negative interference of Dissolved Organic Compounds (DOCs) in the laser/LED fluorimetric determination of uranium in natural and waste waters has been amply demonstrated.

The Relative Clause Revisited: A Novel Approach to Error Analysis

Negative interference from a mother language is said to be one of the major sources of errors committed by learners of a foreign language. Due to this interference, it is our belief that mere analysis and finding of differences between the languages concerned are inadequate. Therefore, the present research is engaged in giving a more profound approach to deal with errors in general, and one of the commonest errors committed by Palestinian Arabic speakers learning English, in particular: namely, relative pronoun deletion from the subject position of the relative pronoun. Building on certain linguistic constructs and rules, as well as an enlightened pedagogical account, the absence of the subject relative pronoun is given a new perspective. Our account addresses both teachers’ and students’ cognitive linguistic knowledge to eradicate the problem at hand. Our approach to the problem which is thus interdisciplinary, helps students in the acquisition of complex structures like that of the relative clause and can be a model to be followed in tackling other problems in foreign language learning and teaching.

Biotin analytical interference on Siemens immunoanalysis on Dimension EXL®: impact on cardiac troponin I and total vitamin D (D2+D3) assays

Several hyperthyroidism misdiagnoses cases have been recently described due to biotin intake. Biotin used in immuno-analysis assays which rely on biotin/streptavidin binding properties. In these assays, high plasmatic biotin levels can lead to major analytical interferences resulting in falsely higher (competition tests) or falsely reduced determinations (for sandwiches assays). We performed a simulation test of biotin intake with patient's samples. We studied the effect of biotin on cardiac troponin I and total vitamin D (D2+D3) assays that are using biotin-streptavidin binding on Dimension EXL®. Increasing doses of biotin were added (28 samples for each parameter) before the assays. The results evidenced a significant negative interference of biotin on cardiac troponin I determinations for concentrations of 100 ng/mL and above, with a total loss of signal for higher biotin additions. Such interference may lead to inappropriate therapeutic decisions. Positive interferences were observed on total vitamin D (D2+D3) with less impact for therapeutic decisions.

MTORC1 and mTORC2 Differentially Regulate Cell Fate Programs to Coordinate Osteoblastic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Vascular regeneration depends on intact function of progenitors of vascular smooth muscle cells such as pericytes and their circulating counterparts, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Deregulated MSC differentiation and maladaptive cell fate programs associated with age and metabolic diseases may exacerbate arteriosclerosis due to excessive transformation to osteoblast-like calcifying cells. Targeting mTOR, a central controller of differentiation and cell fates, could offer novel therapeutic perspectives. In a cell culture model for osteoblastic differentiation of pluripotent human MSC we found distinct roles for mTORC1 and mTORC2 in the regulation of differentiation towards calcifying osteoblasts via cell fate programs in a temporally-controlled sequence. Activation of mTORC1 with induction of cellular senescence and apoptosis were hallmarks of transition to a calcifying phenotype. Inhibition of mTORC1 with Rapamycin elicited reciprocal activation of mTORC2, enhanced autophagy and recruited anti-apoptotic signals, conferring protection from calcification. Pharmacologic and genetic negative interference with mTORC2 function or autophagy both abolished regenerative programs but induced cellular senescence, apoptosis, and calcification. Overexpression of the mTORC2 constituent rictor revealed that enhanced mTORC2 signaling without altered mTORC1 function was sufficient to inhibit calcification. Studies in mice reproduced the in vitro effects of mTOR modulation with Rapamycin on cell fates in vascular cells in vivo. Amplification of mTORC2 signaling promotes protective cell fates including autophagy to counteract osteoblast differentiation and calcification of MSC, representing a novel mTORC2 function. Regenerative approaches aimed at modulating mTOR network activation patterns hold promise for delaying age-related vascular diseases and treatment of accelerated arteriosclerosis in chronic metabolic conditions.

Tunable formation of nanostructured SiC/SiOC core-shell for selective detection of SO2

Silicon carbide is a well-known material with high thermal, mechanical and chemical stability. These properties have allowed, over time, its wide use as an inert material to be employed as a substrate or support in different applications. In this work, we demonstrate that, under proper conditions, it is possible to activate the chemical reactivity of nanostructured SiC, which can be employed for chemoresistive purposes. With this aim, a commercial powder of SiC has been characterized from a morphological, structural and thermal point of view. Then, screen–printed thick films were obtained from SiC powder and thus tested as a functional material for chemoresistive gas sensors, in thermo-activation mode. The samples were exposed to 13 gases with important chemical differences. Analyses showed that SiC is an extremely selective functional material for the detection of sulphur dioxide (SO2) in concentrations within the ppm range. This interesting result was found at high working temperatures (600−800 °C), useful for harsh environments, and the measurements proved to be completely free from humidity negative interference. Thermo-gravimetric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations highlighted that the high selectivity of the SiC layer is promoted by the thermal formation of a SiC/SiOC core-shell, tunable by controlling temperature and humidity parameters. An interpretation of the gas sensing mechanism occurring between SO2 molecules and SiC/SiOC core-shell has been proposed.The unexpected chemical activity, identified for nanostructured SiC, can be exploited for the specific detection of SO2, since this gaseous compound plays an important role in air pollution, industrial processes and winemaking.

INDIVIDUAL AND INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCERS OF MEALTIME EXPERIENCES: PERSPECTIVES OF NURSING ASSISTANTS

In the United States, long-term care Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs)’s central role is to provide direct care to residents, including mealtime assistance. It has been reported that employee turnover among CNAs is nearly 75% annually. High turnover rates of CNAs can increase the workload for remaining CNAs, interrupt quality of care for residents, and require extra resources for recruiting new staff. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the individual and interpersonal barriers and facilitators CNAs experience when providing mealtime assistance to residents with dementia. Using purposive sampling, nine focus groups were conducted with a total of 53 CNAs who had at least one year of experience as a CNA working with older adults. Focus group questions were developed using the Social Ecological Model. All focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the directed content analysis approach. At the individual level, CNAs identified that communication skills with residents and coworkers, and the ability to accurately interpret resident behavior positively affected their ability to provide mealtime assistance. At the interpersonal level, interdisciplinary collaboration was identified as a significant facilitator. Reported barriers included negative interference from residents’ family members, unpredictable resident behaviors, and lack of support from coworkers. CNAs reported individual and interpersonal factors that may influence their ability to effectively feed residents with dementia. Our findings will inform future investigations regarding job turnover. Equally important, providing CNAs with the training and opportunity to perform their duties efficiently can ultimately benefit the residents’ mealtime experiences.

Mental health problems and support needs of PhD students: bottle necks of the phD trajectory

Abstract Background A substantial part of PhD students is struggling with mental health problems. These complaints can lead to dropping out and societal costs. Various bottlenecks that students may face during the PhD process can undermine mental health. We aim to test what bottlenecks are predictive of mental health problems. Furthermore, we aim to address the responsibility of the University. Methods In a cross-sectional survey design (N = 427), both mental health status, and possible bottlenecks of the PhD trajectory were studied amongst PhD students at the University of Amsterdam. Mean age was 29 years; 29% was male; 71% female. Participants were recruited through emails and newsletters (response rate 14%). Regression analysis’ were performed with depression and anxiety as dependents (k6, ek10). We controlled for gender, age, international PhD student yes/no. Results PhD students that score higher on anxiety, are more often international students (β=.09; p<.05), score significantly higher on negative work home interference (β=.46; p<.001), and on negative home work interference (β=.12; p<.01), score significantly lower on social support (β=.19; p<.001) and on self-efficacy (β=-.18; p<.001). [F(15, 413) = 20.00; p = .000]. PhD students that score higher on depression score significantly higher on negative work home interference (β=-.54; p<.001), and on negative home work interference (β=-.07; p<.05), score significantly lower on social support (β=-.23; p<.001) and on self-efficacy (β=.03; p<.001). [F(15, 416) = 41.68; p = .000]. Conclusions The bottlenecks that we found to be predictive of a worse mental health status can be addressed in the university context through providing information to PhD students, PhD supervisors and PhD student counselors. Extra attention needs to be paid to international PhD students. The University could offer interventions such as coaching, career guidance, relaxation training, time management, intervision, and sports to meet support needs. Key messages Work home interference, home work interference, social support and self-efficacy are important aspects of mental health in PhD students. Extra attention needs to be paid to international PhD students. The University has a responsibility and an interest regarding its PhD students’ mental health and wellbeing: appropriate interventions can be deployed for the support needs of PhD students.

THERMOTHERAPY AS A MICROBIAL CONTAMINANT-REDUCING AGENT IN MICROPROPAGATION OF BAMBOO

ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of thermotherapy by humid heat of nodal segments to reduce the incidence of microbial contaminants in the introduction phase of the in vitro propagation of Bambusa vulgaris. Two independent experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, four levels of temperature (25, 30, 40 and 50 °C) versus two treatment time intervals (5 or 10 min). Each treatment was composed of nine replications, corresponding to one single-nodal segment obtained from primary or secondary branches, in sucrose-free Murashige and Skoog medium with half the concentration of salts, supplemented with 6.5 g L-1 agar, 50 mg L-1 citric acid, 50 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, 200 mg L-1 chloramphenicol and 2 mg L-1 N6-benzylaminopurine. Isolation of prevalent mold fungi per repetition was conducted, and identification at genus level obtained from microcultures. The treatments corresponding to 50 °C for 5 or 10 min reduced significantly the fungal contamination that occurred at 11% and 0%, respectively, in nodal segments from primary branches, and 0% and 11%, respectively, in those from secondary ones. Fungi of genera Alternaria, Bipolaris and Curvularia were isolated from both types of segment, and Cladosporium from secondary branches only. The lowest percentages of mycelial growth detected in nodal segments submitted to both binomials demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique to reduce fungal contamination despite negative interference on sprouting.

A novel target to reduce microglial inflammation and neuronal damage after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

BackgroundNeuroinflammation acts as a contributor to neurologic deficits after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study postulates that cold-inducible RNA-binding protein can promote deep hypothermic circulatory arrest–induced neuroinflammation. MethodsRats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 5, each group): sham group, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest + Cirp−/− group (Cirp−/− group). Murine microglial BV2 cells were administered by adeno-associated viral vectors containing cold-inducible RNA-binding protein small interference RNA or negative control small interference RNA at 2 days before 4-hour oxygen–glucose deprivation at 18°C. Microglial activation, cell death, neuroinflammation, and related protein expression were assessed in tissue samples and cell cultures. ResultsCold-inducible RNA-binding protein was elevated along with evident neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in rats exposed to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. In Cirp−/− rats, histologic injury (3.00 [interquartile range, 2.00-3.00] vs 1.00 [interquartile range, 1.00-1.50] neuropathological score, P < .001) and microglial activation (40 ± 4 vs 13 ± 7 CA1 area, P < .001) were alleviated after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. With RNA-sequencing analysis, this associated with reduction of key proinflammatory cytokines induced by inhibiting Brd2-NF-κB signals. In BV2 cells treated with small interference RNA-cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, similar protective effects were observed, including decreased proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity. Brd2-NF-κB signals were confirmed by the addition of Brd2 inhibitor JQ1. Notably, the conditioned medium from BV2 cells transfected with small interference RNA cold-inducible RNA-binding protein significantly reduced apoptosis in neural SH-SY5Y cells after oxygen–glucose deprivation, which was similar to that after JQ1 administration. ConclusionsEnhanced cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in microglia aggravates neuronal injury by promoting the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which might be mediated through Brd2-NF-κB signals during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

How Do Contrast Agents Affect Cardiac Markers and Coagulation Tests? Experimental Study.

The discovery that biotin interferes with results of troponin and Nt-proBNP led some commercial firms to update their measurement methods. In particular, the clinical incompatibility of cardiac test results may affect the risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the interference effects of 7 different contrast agents on cardiac markers (Troponin-I, Nt-proBNP, Mass CK-MB, CK, AST, LDH) and in coagulation tests (PT, APTT). Seven different contrast media were added into control materials by using interference protocol. The concentrations of PT, APTT, CK, AST, LDH, Mass CK-MB, Troponin-I, and Nt-proBNP were measured by Sysmex CS-2100, Abbott c16000, Siemens Centaur XP and AFİAS-6 analyzer. The number of deviations from target values was calculated. The 7 different contrast media caused negative interference in troponin levels between 57.43% and 62.87%. It was found that different contrast media produced false negativity in the Nt-proBNP test, ranging from 6.11% to 96.01%. Enzymes and coagulation tests were less affected. Different contrast media may cause false negatives in cTnI and Nt-proBNP. The contrast medium that causes the least interference should be preferred. The results of samples taken in the first hour after contrast imaging should be interpreted with care.