Negative Impoliteness Research Articles

IMPOLITENESS STRATEGIES BASED ON CULPEPER’S MODEL: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF A MAN CALLED OTTO

This research delves into a comprehensive analysis of impoliteness strategies used by Otto, the main character in the movie A Man Called Otto, drawing upon Culpeper’s model. The objectives encompass the identification of the most common type of impoliteness strategy and the examination of the function associated with each type. Moreover, the qualitative discourse analysis method was used to gain a deeper and more holistic comprehension of the research objectives that encompass a broader context beyond sentences. Within this method, a total of 155 instances of Otto’s impolite speech were meticulously examined. The findings revealed two facets: first, there are three types of impoliteness strategies, namely positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and withhold politeness. Among these, positive impoliteness emerged as the most frequently used strategy, followed by negative impoliteness and withhold politeness. Second, two functions attributed to the three impoliteness strategies used by the main character are found, namely affective impoliteness and coercive impoliteness.

Impoliteness Strategies of the Hate Comments on Twitter

This study aims to determine the Impoliteness Strategies of the Hate Comments on Twitter. This study was compiled using a qualitative descriptive research method. Data from hate comments made by netizens in response to the post of the son of the Indonesian president in the comments column of the official Twitter account belonging to Gibran Rakabuming Raka and data Sources from the official Twitter account of the vice presidential candidate. The number of data in this study is 50 data. The Instrument of Collecting Data uses Observation and Documentation and the method of collecting data uses searching, reading, choosing, capturing, and printing. The data was analyzed using the Formula P=F/N x100. From the research that has been done, it was found that there is a difference in the percentage between the five types of impoliteness strategies. In the bald on record, type 4 hate comment data were found with a percentage of 8%, positive impoliteness is 6 hate comment data with a percentage of 12%, negative impoliteness is 6 hate comment data with a percentage of 12%, sarcasm or mock impoliteness is 34 hate comment data with a percentage of 68%, and withhold impoliteness is 0 hate comment data with a percentage of 0%. So, it can be concluded that the most dominant type the impoliteness strategies in the results is sarcasm or mock impoliteness with a percentage of 68% in the thesis title Impoliteness Strategies of the Hate Comments on Twitter.

Impoliteness Strategies and Social Dimensions in Enola Holmes 2 Movie: Socio-Pragmatics Study

This research aims to identify the types of impoliteness strategies and to analyze the social dimensions in the Enola Holmes 2 movie. This research uses descriptive qualitative method as the purpose of making this research is to analyze the phenomenon of impoliteness. This research aims to identify the types of impoliteness strategies and analyze the social dimensions that influence the use of impoliteness. The theory used is Culpeper (2011) theory of impoliteness strategies and Holmes (2013) theory of the social dimension. The results of the research, there are 5 Bald on Record Impoliteness (23,8%), 11 Positive Impoliteness (52,4%), 2 Negative Impoliteness (9,5%), 3 Sarcasm or Mock Politeness (14,3%) and 0 Withhold Politeness (0%), and also found the social dimension that influence the use of impoliteness, there are 10 Social Distance Scale (47,6%), 8 Status Scale (38%), 0 Formality Scale (0%) and 3 Functional Scale (14,4%). The most common found types of impoliteness strategies found are Positive Impoliteness and most common found for the social dimensions that influence the use of impoliteness is Social Distance.

Impoliteness and Gender: An Analysis Of Animation Series Family Guy Season 20th

This study examines the use of impoliteness strategies and their relationship with gender in the animated series "Family Guy," with a specific focus on the 20th season. The objective is to determine whether the creators differentiate the use of impolite language between male and female characters and which gender employs these strategies more frequently. Using Jonathan Culpeper's 1996 frameworks, impoliteness strategies were categorized into five types: bald on record, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm, and withhold politeness. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to analyse dialogues transcribed from the animations. The findings reveal six instances of impoliteness from Lois Griffin, including three bald on record utterances, two positive incivility utterances, and one withhold politeness utterance. In contrast, Peter Griffin exhibited 11 instances of impoliteness, consisting of one bald on record utterance, six positive impoliteness utterances, one negative impoliteness utterance, and three sarcastic utterances, with no examples of withhold politeness. The analysis indicates that female characters' impoliteness utterances are fewer than male characters, potentially due to limited screen time. However, the nature of Lois Griffin's impoliteness was similar to Peter's, suggesting that the creators did not design female characters to be more polite. This challenges traditional gender stereotypes regarding language use.

Exploring Digital Discourtesy: Impoliteness Strategies In K-Drama Fan Discourse on Social Media

This study analyzes impoliteness strategies used by netizens in responses to the variety show "Single Inferno 3" on the X app, specifically through the K-Drama Menfess account. Menfess, short for "Mention and Confess," is a term in K-Pop and K-Drama culture, describing messages sent via direct message to auto-bot accounts on platforms like Twitter, where users share opinions on specific topics. "Single Inferno 3" is a popular show among K-Drama fans, and the comments in the Menfess account's replies provide insights into how impoliteness emerges in reactions to South Korean entertainment. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study examines the types of impoliteness in netizen comments related to the show, drawing on Culpeper's (2011) theory of language impoliteness. The data, collected from comments posted on January 3rd, 2024, reveals that sarcasm or mock politeness is the most prevalent strategy, appearing in 45.45% of cases. Positive impoliteness accounts for 27.27%, negative impoliteness for 18.18%, and bald on-record impoliteness for 9.09%, with no instances of withheld politeness. Sarcasm often involves indirect insults, while negative impoliteness includes belittling remarks. These impoliteness strategies typically arise in contexts where netizens scrutinize the show's participants, reacting to behavior that deviates from expected norms. The study's findings can help social media platforms develop tools to detect and reduce impolite interactions, such as automated moderation systems and user guidelines to promote respectful online discourse.

Strategi Ketidaksantunan dalam Film “Siap, Gan!”

The politeness of speech acts can be influenced by certain sociological factors, for example, relative power, social distance, and the presence of elements of coercion. In its development, politeness in speech acts also develops in its opposite form, namely impoliteness. The focus of the study in this research is the language impoliteness strategy in the film "Siap, Gan!" which appears as a reflection of differences in social levels by focusing discussion on the five strategies of impoliteness according to Culpeper's theory. This research aims to describe impolite language strategies in films. The type of research used in this research is qualitative and the data provision technique used in this research is observation/observation techniques. Observation techniques are carried out without involving what is being observed. The data source for this research comes from a video film entitled "Siap, Gan!" obtained on the YouTube channel. The analysis carried out in this research uses contextual analysis. Contextual analysis involves several elements, namely identifying speakers and speech partners, observing the background or causes of the speech, and the goals to be achieved through the speech data analysis, it is known what types of language impoliteness appear in the film "Siap, Gan!" namely bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, and negative impoliteness. The most frequently used strategy is negative impoliteness. This proves the impoliteness in the film "Siap, Gan!" This tends to be used to attack the speaker's negative face. Some of the data findings indicate that several forms of words that are personally offensive to the speaker due to different social strata are also found to be presented as directly impolite with harsh, insulting, degrading, and critical language.

Impoliteness Triggers and Strategies in Students’ Complaints: A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis

This socio-pragmatic study aimed to unearth the impolite triggers and strategies used in students' complaints extracted from 100 online student complaints. Using Culpeper's Impoliteness Theory (1996, 2011, 2016), the study identified various impoliteness triggers, namely conventionalized and non-conventionalized impoliteness triggers. The former includes pointed criticisms, condescension, insults, unpalatable questions, dismissals, message enforcers, threats, silencers, negative expressives, redundant patterning, and fighting words. On the other hand, the latter involves non-conventionalized impoliteness triggers, which involve form-driven and bald-on-record impoliteness, red herrings, convention-driven impoliteness, rhetorical questions, and inflammatory expressions. In terms of impoliteness strategies, the study found the use of bald-on-record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm or mock impoliteness, with withhold impoliteness not observed in the online context. Understanding the linguistic patterns of impolite complaints in online contexts can help formulate strategies to mitigate conflict and promote more constructive interaction among students. This study may provide valuable insights for improving digital discourse and social interaction protocols.

Impoliteness Strategies In The Third Indonesia Presidential Debate 2024: Pragmatics Research

This research examines the impoliteness strategies employed during the third Indonesian Presidential Debate of 2024 from a pragmatic perspective. Using Jonathan Culpeper's theories of impoliteness (1996, 2011) as a theoretical framework, the research aims to identify and analyze the types of impoliteness strategies used by presidential candidates and determine their functions within the debate context. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected from the Kompas TV YouTube channel's broadcast of the debate. The research focuses on identifying instances of bald-on-record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm/mock politeness, and withhold politeness. Additionally, it examines whether these strategies serve affective, coercive, or entertaining functions. Preliminary analysis reveals the presence of four types of impoliteness strategies: bald-on-record, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm. Notably, bald-on-record impoliteness emerged as the most frequently used strategy, while no instances of withhold politeness were observed. The affective function was found to be the most prevalent, suggesting that candidates often employ impoliteness to express emotions and influence audience perceptions. This research contributes to the field of pragmatics by providing insights into language use in high-stakes political contexts. It also offers a deeper understanding of how impoliteness strategies can impact public perception and the democratic process in Indonesia. The findings may serve as a valuable resource for future studies on political discourse and communication strategies in presidential debates.

Emotional Blackmail in Breaking Bad Series: A Pragma-Stylistic Study

Although language research has focused on blackmail in general, less attention has been paid to emotional blackmail. To date, researchers could not locate any literature that examines emotional blackmail from a linguistic standpoint. The current study is intended to fill this gap by scrutinizing emotional blackmail from a pragma-stylistic point of view by examining the style of the characters in selected episodes extracted from the American Breaking Bad series. To carry out the study, an eclectic model comprising kinds of emotional blackmailers by Forward and Frazier (1997), Searles’ speech acts (1979), Grice’s maxims (1975), Brown and Levinson’s politeness (1987), Culpeper’s impoliteness (1996), and Simpson’s stylistic levels (2004) will be used. The study examines how emotional blackmailers reflect themselves through language and how different pragmatic theories contribute to detecting emotional blackmail. The pragma-stylistic analysis reveals that emotional blackmailers use different pragmatic and stylistic elements. Pragmatically, the analysis demonstrates that punishers more frequently utilize commissive speech acts, whereas sufferers more frequently use representative and expressive speech acts. Besides, the punishers’ speech is realized by breaching the quantity and manner maxims whereas the sufferer’s speech is manifested by breaching the quantity and quality maxims. Concerning (im)politeness, the punishing behavior is accomplished by positive politeness, negative impoliteness, bold on-record impoliteness, and positive impoliteness while the suffering behavior is accomplished through positive politeness. Stylistically, the language used to talk about suffering is associated with discomfort and unhappiness. Concerning grammar, the punishing discourse emphasizes threats through fronting strategies. With suffering, negative auxiliaries are used.

IMPOLITENESS STRATEGIES IN ONLINE DISCOURSE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND SPANISH COMMENTS ON KING CHARLES III’S CORONATION

Impoliteness strategies are communicational strategies through which the speaker per- forms a threat to the face of the hearer. This research explores impoliteness strategies employed by Spanish and English CNN Instagram commenters to criticize the coronation of King Charles III. Drawing on Culpeper’s (1996) Impoliteness Framework, the research examines how positive and negative impoliteness strategies are applied to attack King Charles’ face, exploring potential combinations and language-based differences. What has been observed is that impoliteness, or more precisely face-threatening acts (FTA), may be a multi-layered phenomenon, in the sense that commenters may simultaneously use multiple impolite strategies. This as a result produces much stronger effect on the attack of the face than the use of a single strategy. Furthermore, there may be cultural implications in the employment of strategies for FTA. Namely, Spanish commenters appear to perform stronger FTA due to the use of three strategies at the same time as opposed to English ones who are found to use two of them simultaneously. Moreover, sarcasm as one of impoliteness strategies has also been found to be used only by Spanish commenters, adding up to the possibility of cultural differences. Despite the need for further research, these results yield a deeper insight into the complexity of the phenomenon of impoliteness within the realm of online discourse concerning public figures

“Look at Lagosians and Say I Am Going to Be in Charge”: Ideologies in the 2019 Lagos State (Nigeria) Gubernatorial Debate

Abstract Man, in the generic sense, is a political being whose entire life is permeated by politics. Because language plays a critical role in politics, the study was aimed at examining language as an instrument of persuasion and/or appeal in the 2019 gubernatorial debate in Lagos State. It was born out of the desire to unravel the linguistic strategies utilised by politicians to curry the electorate’s votes. Van Dijk’s (1997) socio-cognitive model of critical discourse analysis (CDA) was blended with Culpeper’s (2013) impoliteness theory to analyse the thirty-two (32) texts which were purposively sampled from the responses of the contestants. The theories were merged to establish how authors represent one another while communicating their plans. The analysis of the data revealed that the US/THEM dichotomy of the ideological square was employed by all the candidates. Findings revealed that politicians often raise very germane socio-economic issues in the polity in their presentations in a way that displays solidarity with the citizens, all in a bid to curry their votes. While lexicalisation is also another strategy employed to foreground issues to their own advantage, linguistic impoliteness (e.g., bald on record, name-calling, negative impoliteness, etc.) is deployed by politicians to whittle down opponents’ influence in order to increase theirs. The study concludes that the explication of the discursive, rhetorical, and linguistic strategies deployed by politicians helps citizens become more discerning listeners who make political choices based on convictions and not on rhetoric.

Impoliteness Strategies in The Daily Show (TDS)

This research focuses on identifying the impoliteness strategies used by the host Trevor Noah in The Daily Show and explaining the purposes of the most frequently used strategy. It also aims at analyzing Trevor Noah’s utterances that use impoliteness strategies proposed by Jonathan Culpeper (1996 / 2005). According to the findings of this research, Trevor's total impoliteness utterances are (19), which encompass four impoliteness strategies outlined by Culpeper: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm or mock politeness. It also shows that negative impoliteness is the most commonly employed strategy. It recurs (10) times and accounts for (52.631%) of the total strategies within the data. Trevor employs it as a strategy to delight the audience. He usually employs 'condescend, despise, scorn, belittle or ridicule' negative impoliteness sub-categories to create laughter and amuse (entertain) the audience by providing them the pleasure of hearing someone being mocked, ridiculed, scorned or belittled.

An Analysis Of Impoliteness Strategies Of Genshin Impact Player In 1st Anniversary Posted On Twitter

This study aimed to analyse the strategy of impoliteness of Genshin Impact player on twitter using pragmatic approach. The purpose of this study was to find the type of impoliteness and function of impoliteness. The data for this research were taken from comments contained in the twitter @genshinimpact account. This study analysed based on the type of impoliteness strategies (Culpeper, 1996) and function of impoliteness proposed by Culpeper (2011). Related to the types of impoliteness, the result of the analysis show hat there are five types of impoliteness strategies in the comment ;(1) Bald on record impoliteness, (2) Positive impoliteness. (3) Negative impoliteness, (4) Sarcasms or mock politeness, (5) withhold politeness. Also, three functiones of impoliteness; (1) Affective impoliteness, (2) Coercive impoliteness, (3) Entertaining impoliteness. The utterances that show impoliteness are uttered by the player commented on twitter.

(Im)Politeness in Dialogues between some Prophets and the Polytheists in the Noble Qur'an:

This study presents a pragmatic analysis of linguistic Politeness and Impoliteness in dialogues between six prophets (Nuh, Hud, Salih, Ibrahim, Shuaib and Musa) and their contemporaneous polytheists in the Noble Qur'an. The data comprises 35 dialogues from 20 surahs which revolve around how the prophets talked to the polytheists to persuade them to believe in the Oneness of Allah and in the Last Day and how the polytheists reacted to the prophets’ call for faith. The analytical framework comprises Leech's (1983) Maxims of Politeness, Brown and Levinson's (1978, 1987) Theory of Politeness, and Culpeper's (1996; 2005 and 2011) Model of Impoliteness. Within a mixed approach, the qualitative analysis has revealed how the prophets have been modest, sympathetic and close to their communities while guiding them to true Monotheism. In addition, the study shows how the polytheists have reacted impolitely to the prophets’ call for faith. The quantitative analysis has revealed that the six maxims of politeness have been present in the prophets’ utterances, with the Tact, Modesty and Sympathy Maxims as the most prominent. Moreover, the four strategies of politeness (Bald on record, Positive Politeness, Negative Politeness and Off-record) have been evident in the utterances of the prophets. On the other hand, all five strategies of impoliteness (Bald on record, Positive Impoliteness, Negative Impoliteness, Sarcasm or Mock Politeness and Off-record) have been employed in the polytheists’ utterances. Most significantly, the study proposes Mercy, as a potential addition to the maxims of performing Politeness. Mercy, in the form of non-reciprocal forgiveness and pity, was prevalent in the prophets’ communication with their contemporaneous people. The prophets were the finest of creation as Allah (God) chose them over humanity in order to convey the message of true Monotheism.

Negative Impoliteness Strategies Used by Customers of Muara Bungo Home Credit

This research analyzes the negative impoliteness strategies used by customers of Muara Bungo Home Credit through WhatsApp text messages and how the strategies function in delivering the impoliteness between the customers and the employees of Home Credit. The purposes of this research are (1) to analyze the negative of impoliteness strategies used by customers of Muara Bungo Home Credit; (2) to analyze the functions of impoliteness strategies aimed by customers of Muara Bungo Home Credit. The analysis applied Culpeper’s (1996) theory on impoliteness strategy and Culpeper’s (2011) theory on impoliteness function. The research also applied descriptive qualitative method, with the customers’ WhatsApp text messages as the source of the data. The result of this research shows that, (1) there are negative impoliteness (6 data) which occurred in the research; (2) all 6 data of negative impoliteness strategies used by the customers had different functions, which are affective (3 data), and coercive (3 data).

Perception of impoliteness in refusal and response to it by native speakers of English and Persian

Impoliteness entails the employment of strategies oriented toward attacking face and bringing about social disruption. Although research on impoliteness has received great attention in the past two decades, how impolite utterances are perceived and what the recipients of impoliteness do in return has remained relatively under-addressed. The current study set out to examine native English and Persian speakers’ perceptions of and response to impoliteness in the production of the speech act of refusal. To this end, 90 native English speakers and 120 native Persian speakers were administered a written discourse completion task containing eight refusals that either observed politeness or contained various degrees of impoliteness. The results showed that native Persian speakers did not perceive any of the refusals to be impolite whereas three of the refusals were considered impolite by native English speakers. When reacting to impoliteness in refusals, native English speakers exploited a wider range of strategies than did Persian speakers. The results showed that social distance and power relations were of more significance for Persian speakers than for English speakers in perceiving the degree of impoliteness; however, in responding to an utterance perceived as impolite, English speakers were more likely to adopt offensive strategies to counter impoliteness, including positive and negative impoliteness strategies. These findings indicate both cross-cultural divergence and convergence in the perception of impoliteness and responses to impoliteness.

Impoliteness Strategies Used by the Baroness in the Movie Cruella

This study aims to find out the types of impoliteness strategies and the similarities and differences of the impoliteness strategies used by the Baroness, an antagonistic character with an impressive background, toward Estella and Cruella in the movie Cruella. The theoretical framework used is Culpeper’s (1996, 2005) and Bousfield’s (2008) impoliteness strategy. This study employed a qualitative approach. The writers collected and analyzed the Baroness’ utterances to her subordinate, Estella, and to her business rival, Cruella, during the business scenes. The Baroness used all six types of impoliteness strategies to Estella, namely: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm/mock politeness, withhold politeness, and off-record impoliteness. On the contrary, the Baroness only used four out of six types of impoliteness strategies to Cruella, specifically excluding: negative impoliteness and withhold politeness. The Baroness’ background and personality, as well as the interlocutor’s own background, might have influenced the findings of the study.

Impoliteness Strategies and Impolite Responses to Swearing Utterances at Javanese Slapstick Shows

This study aims to describe the impoliteness strategies and impolite responses to swearing utterances in the Javanese Cak Percil CS slapstick shows. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The research approach used is pragmatic. The data in this study were divided into primary and secondary. Preliminary data is swearing utterances that accommodate the impoliteness strategies and impolite responses, while secondary data is information about speech through context and felicity conditions. The data obtained in this study is the listening method with recording techniques. This study found that impoliteness strategies included bald on records, positive impoliteness, and negative impoliteness. For response found offensive-countering, defensive-countering, accept the face attack, and do not respond.

Netizens at Odds with the Education Department: Analysis of Impoliteness Strategies on an Online Platform

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the Philippines, along with other nations, to restructure its educational framework to meet the evolving needs and challenges of the time. Consequently, this reorganization has led to changes in the learning delivery modalities (LDMs). The Philippine Department of Education (DepEd) has faced significant criticism on social media regarding issues related to preparation, flawed materials, and implementation. By employing a pragmatic analysis approach based on Culpeper's theory of impoliteness strategies, this study examines fifty Facebook comments criticizing the said department and its new LDMs. The findings reveal that critics employed various impoliteness strategies, including bald-on-record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, off-record impoliteness, withhold politeness, and impoliteness meta-strategy. The study's outcomes suggest that analyzing impoliteness strategies in online comments can provide insights into how such remarks serve as social actions. Researchers working with these textual forms, as well as those specializing in the study of genres and languages, can benefit from the findings of this study. The implications of the findings are discussed for policymakers, educators, and students within the Philippine education system.

An Analysis of Impoliteness Strategies in “Can You Ever Forgive Me?” Movie

This study applied pragmatics study to analyze impoliteness strategies that based on the movie titled “Can You Ever Forgive Me?” directed by Marielle Heller. The aim of this study was to discover the strategies of impoliteness that occurred from the conversation in the movie. The utterances were found and gathered by applying the theory of Culpeper (1996) for the data source. The object of this research was impoliteness strategies. The data source contained the conversation that was uttered by the characters from the movie “Can You Ever Forgive Me?”. The descriptive qualitative research design was employed to obtain the research findings. The data were acquired in a non-participatory method, which means that no participants were required during the process of data collection. The results revealed that the movie utilized all impoliteness strategies. It was found that bald-on-record impoliteness had five utterances, positive impoliteness had four, negative impoliteness had three, sarcasm/mock impoliteness contained two, and withhold politeness had only one.