Event Abstract Back to Event The brain establishes, tests, and updates predictive models for visual inputs that are never perceived Bradley Jack1*, Urte Roeber2, 3 and Robert P. O'Shea1 1 Southern Cross University, Discipline of Psychology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Australia 2 University of Leipzig, Institute for Psychology, Germany 3 University of Sydney, Discipline of Biomedical Science, Australia Evidence that the brain constructs predictive models for visual input comes from the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): a well-established negative component of event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited when an infrequent stimulus"”a deviant, is randomly presented in a sequence of frequent stimuli"”the standards. We tested whether stimuli that are never perceived yield vMMN. To prevent our standards and deviants (orthogonal gratings) from being perceived, we used continuous flash suppression (CFS), a powerful illusion in which a stimulus presented to one eye is not perceived when the other eye is presented with a rapidly changing sequence of high-contrast, contour-rich Mondrian patterns. Participants performed an unrelated task at fixation on all blocks, and judged the orientation of our stimuli in a post-test: performance was at chance, suggesting that our stimuli were not perceived. We found a deviance-related negativity at posterior right electrodes from about 100 ms after stimulus onset to about 370 ms. To determine whether the deviance-related activity is from prediction-error-based mechanisms of deviance detection or from adaptation-based ("refractoriness") mechanisms, we presented stimuli that were physically identical to deviants (we call these controls) and that were equiprobable with many other sorts of gratings that differed only in orientation. We compared controls and standards and found a visual N1 at about 150 ms; this is evidence for adaptation-based mechanisms. We compared deviants and controls and found a vMMN from about 200 ms to about 350 ms; this is evidence for prediction-error mechanisms. We conclude that the human brain establishes, tests, and updates predictive models for visual input, even when those inputs are never perceived by an observer. Keywords: prediction, event-related potentials (ERPs), Prediction-Error, visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), invisible stimuli, not-perceived stimuli, suppressed stimuli Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Sensation and Perception Citation: Jack B, Roeber U and O'Shea RP (2015). The brain establishes, tests, and updates predictive models for visual inputs that are never perceived. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00188 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Mr. Bradley Jack, Southern Cross University, Discipline of Psychology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Coffs Harbour, Australia, bradley.jack@scu.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Bradley Jack Urte Roeber Robert P O'Shea Google Bradley Jack Urte Roeber Robert P O'Shea Google Scholar Bradley Jack Urte Roeber Robert P O'Shea PubMed Bradley Jack Urte Roeber Robert P O'Shea Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.