Negative Emotional Expressions Research Articles

GENDER TREND IN 'PELAKOR' DYSPHEMIA: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY (BIAS GENDER DALAM DISFEMIA ‘PELAKOR’: TINJAUAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)

Dysphemia 'pelakor' is an expression of negative emotions that distort meaning which is currently a global issue. This study focuses on the form, meaning, type, and function of the ‘pelakor’ dysphemia. In addition, the focus is also on the existence of gender bias in the dysphemia so that it will be reviewed with a Sociolinguistic Approach. This study uses a qualitative framework that obtains 8 data from print media, 13 data from electronic media, and 7 data from social media. Data collection was done by sorting out the expression of 'pelakor' dysphemia and then analyzing it in three stages, namely, reduction, presentation, and data verification. The results of the study show that 'pelakor' is in the form of negative emotional expressions, meaning contempt, type of nickname, and functions to humiliate others. In addition, pelakor dysphemia is used to characterize women's identity which is very low and bad and is displayed with anger. There is a gender bias in 'pelakor' dysphemia which is mapped into three points, a) occurs due to male dominance, b) is influenced by culture and social status, c) is conveyed by the women's community. This finding is concluded based on the variation of the language used by women and to describe women. This research is expected to be theoretical and practical contribution in improving gender inequality in Indonesia.

Scrutinizing Mentor Text in Virtual EFL Writing Course: A Text Modeling Approach during ERT in Indonesia

Writing English argumentative essays has brought suffering and constraints for EFL university students since it requires relevant argumentativeness and knowledge of text genre knowledge and grammar and vocabulary mastery. Mentor text can be an effective scaffold for them to understand the essay. Little is known about university students' perspectives on writing an argumentative essay and the mentor texts given to them. To fill the void, this present study was carried out in a qualitative framework. Twenty-nine university students who attended and were exposed to four selected mentor texts during the virtual writing course voluntarily took part in this study by filling out the online questionnaire. The findings show that the students experienced and felt various positive and negative emotional expressions, such as challenge, difficulty, and enjoyment. The students perceived that the selected mentor texts were beneficial and very helpful for learning, understanding, and producing argumentative essays. Those mentor texts contain clear structure, effective thesis, and good writer's delivery so that the students can easily emulate and adapt them into their writing.<p> </p>

Infants' learning from distinct negative emotions.

Here we investigated infants' developing ability to use emotional expressions as signals that guide their learning about objects. To do so, we presented 16- to 21-month-old infants (N = 99) with actors who conveyed anger, fear, or pain, and tested infants' generalization of others' emotional expressions (Study 1) and infants' exploration of objects (Study 2). Our findings suggest that infants attend to the information conveyed by emotional expressions: When two expressions provide different information (e.g., one conveys threat, and the other does not), infants treated those emotions differently, even if they were both negative. Specifically, infants were more likely to generalize negative emotional expressions that conveyed threat compared to nonthreatening negative emotions (Study 1) and were more likely avoid interacting with potentially threatening items compared to items that were merely evaluated negatively (Study 2). But, when two emotional expressions provided the same information (e.g., that an item was threatening) infants responded similarly to those two emotions (Study 1). These findings are in line with evolutionary theories, which posit that emotions are critical information signals that can be used to learn about the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

대학 읽기 수업에서 감정 리터러시와 비판적 리터러시 연계 수업 방안 연구

The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore how Korean college students read in English in critical and emotional reading classes and how they feel and perceive the ways they did in class. The students read articles about gender roles and discussed the issues in the articles with emotional and critical discussion questions. The data resources include students' reflections, authentic materials they used for their presentations and the teacher's notes. Data analysis based on qualitative methods revealed that negative emotional expressions such as unjust, uncomfortable, sad, angry, depressed, miserable, and adversity were frequently reported. The students not only recognized prejudice and misunderstanding regarding each gender issue but also sympathized that gender roles should not be forced socially. They also became more active in discussing and presenting missing perspectives in the article that they read. The pedagogical implication of this study is that reading instruction based on emotions and criticality could be a good reading approach that helps students have a more balanced perspective on what they read, which further helps them transform into active readers.

A diary investigation of teachers’ emotional labor for negative emotions: Its associations with perceived student disengagement and emotional exhaustion

The present study adopted the daily diary technique and examined the relationships among teachers' perceived student disengagement, emotional labor, and emotional exhaustion. The data included 587 Canadian teachers' 4,084 diary survey responses. Multilevel structural equation modeling was conducted at both the daily and teacher levels. At the daily level, perceived student disengagement was associated with teachers' genuine expression and faking of negative emotions. At the teacher level, early-semester emotional exhaustion corresponded with perceived student disengagement and teachers' hiding of negative emotions, which yielded even worse late-semester emotional exhaustion. Perceived student disengagement was also related to teachers’ genuine expression of negative emotions.

Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: The relationships among parental childhood emotional neglect, emotional expressiveness and children's problem behaviors

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment has a severe impact on both the health and parenting styles of abused individuals in adulthood, and it even has a negative impact on the offspring of abused individuals. Although studies have confirmed the intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment, relatively few have emphasized emotional neglect and its mechanism of intergenerational effects. Additionally, few studies have examined the unique role of fathers and how mothers and fathers interact with one another. ObjectiveThe current study aimed to employ the actor–partner interdependence mediation model to investigate the relationship between parental childhood emotional neglect and children's problem behaviors, as well as whether parents' positive and negative emotional expressiveness plays a mediating role. Methods, participants, and settingIn total, 397 dyads of mothers and fathers of children aged 6–9 were recruited and reported their childhood emotional neglect experience and emotional expressiveness, and mothers also rated their children's problem behaviors. ResultsThe findings revealed that (a) maternal childhood emotional neglect was associated solely with mothers' own negative emotional expressiveness, followed by their children's problem behavior and (b) paternal childhood emotional neglect showed no effect on children's problem behavior through fathers' own or their spouses' positive and negative emotional expressiveness. ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that childhood emotional neglect has intergenerational effects and that mothers' parenting behaviors are relatively important in preventing adverse effects on their children.

Dynamic associations between emotion expressions and strategy use in Chinese American and Mexican American preschoolers.

Previous studies of emotion regulation in young children commonly used between-person approaches, which limit our understanding of dynamic and temporal relations between emotion expressions and strategy use. Further, previous work has mainly focused on temperamental reactivity among White children, and it is unclear whether these findings can generalize to children of Asian and Latinx origins. In the current study, we examined the within-person temporal associations between emotion expressions and strategy use among 3- to 5-year-old children in low-income Chinese American (CA) and Mexican American (MA) families. Children's emotion expressions (positive and negative) and strategy use (gaze aversion, self-soothing, fidgeting, and language) during an unfair social interaction task were coded by 10-s epoch. Executive functions were examined as between-person level predictors of strategy use. Multilevel modeling was conducted to examine whether positive and negative emotion expressions at one epoch (t-1) predicted strategy use at the following epoch (t). The results indicate that positive emotion expressions predicted an increase in fidgeting at the next epoch (β = .34, p < .01). Executive functions were unrelated to strategy use. Cultural group differences were found: CA children displayed lower intensity of positive emotion and fewer strategy use compared with MA children. The present findings inform theories on the dynamics of emotion regulation in young children and have implications for interventions with underrepresented immigrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

ACTIVITY OF THE MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM IN PEOPLE WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

The global events of the last few years have led to the fact that more and more people are beginning to experience depressive symptoms. Developing depression significantly affects the emotional state of a person and his perception of the world around him. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reactions of mu- and alpha-rhythms reflecting the work of the mirror and visual systems of the brain, when perceiving and repeating emotionally colored social stimuli in people with different levels of depression. The study involved 32 healthy subjects who were divided into two groups – with high and low levels of depression on the Beck scale. A 32-channel EEG was recorded in two experimental blocks activating the emotional and motor components of the mirror neuron system (MNS): 1) when perceiving emotional faces expressing joy or grief; 2) when observing and repeating motor hand gestures. The desynchronization levels of the mu- and alpha-rhythm components in each of the tasks identified by the independent component method (ICA) were analyzed. It was found that the mu- desynchronization was significantly higher in people with depression when repeating motor hand movements, as well as when perceiving negative emotional facial expressions. Desynchronization of the alpha rhythm did not differ in the two groups of volunteers. Thus, the development of a depressive state increases MNS activation, and its sensitivity to negative emotional stimuli. This effect does not apply to the visual cortex and visual attention.

How regulation strategies protected or worsened emotional experience during France's three lockdowns: Prepandemic versus pandemic comparisons and longitudinal approach

The COVID-19 pandemic remains hugely challenging, but its impact on emotional experience, especially over time, has often been neglected. The French Government imposed three COVID lockdowns with varying degrees of strictness that induced different types of emotional discomfort and emotion regulation. The present longitudinal study explored affect and emotion regulation strategies in each of these lockdowns, comparing samples assessed before and during the pandemic. The objective was to understand how government measures influenced subjective experience and how people adjusted their emotion regulation accordingly.The longitudinal lockdown sample comprised 164 participants (Mage = 37.60 years, SD = 12.50). Affect and emotion regulation were assessed in the first week of each of the three lockdowns (20–27 March 2020, 23–30 November 2020, and 19–26 April 2021). The 120 participants in the prepandemic (control) sample were drawn from previous studies focusing on affect and regulation strategies in natural everyday situations.Results indicated that affect deteriorated considerably, compared with prepandemic levels. Whereas activated negative affect (nervous and worried) tended to decrease, deactivated negative affect (sad and bored) increased. Regarding emotion regulation strategies, negative emotion expression was associated with more negative affect and less positive affect, while positive emotion expression and proactive behaviour were associated with a better emotional experience. A multivariate growth curve showed that in the absence of psychological support, stressful situations and repeated lockdowns do not induce people to make better emotion regulation strategy choices.As government restrictions had a negative impact on individuals' emotional experience, support programs should be implemented in future pandemics to promote emotion regulation.

Understanding the 2021 eSwatini school protests: theoretical reflections of an educator

ABSTRACT During September and October 2021, eSwatini experienced school demonstrations unprecedented in the country's history. Drawing on a socio-emotional development framework and frustration-aggression theory, the article presents an educator's theoretically informed reflections on these events. It explores the possibility that the demonstrations are not simply a reflection of the prevalent political riots presently sweeping the country. Rather, they further expose the fundamental deficiencies in the country's political and education system. Utilising personal observations, contemporary news reports and an extensive literature review, the article explores the possibility that the violence seen in schools can be both a communicative strategy and an expression of negative emotions arising from both direct and indirect educational consequences of the pandemic, and further driven by the prevailing political system and the government's failure to meet students' needs. Building on this, the article suggests strategies that educators and policymakers could employ to address students' socio-emotional needs, thereby averting future emotional eruptions and violent behaviours.

In robot we trust? The effect of emotional expressions and contextual cues on anthropomorphic trustworthiness

Following the evolution of technology and its application in various daily contexts, social robots work as an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) system to interact with humans. However, limited research has been done to discuss the role of emotional expressions and contextual cues in influencing anthropomorphic trustworthiness, especially from the design perspective. To address this research gap, the current study designed a specific robot prototype and conducted two lab experiments to explore the effect of emotional expressions and contextual cues on trustworthiness via a combination of subjective ratings and physiological measures. Results showed that: 1) positive (vs. negative) emotional expressions enjoyed a higher level of anthropomorphic trustworthiness and visual attention; 2) regulatory fit was expanded in parasocial interaction and worked as a prime to activate anthropomorphic trustworthiness for social robots. Theoretical contributions and design implications were also discussed in this study.

Parental affect profiles predict child emotion regulation and classroom adjustment in families experiencing homelessness

AbstractParenting shapes the development of emotion regulation skills in early childhood, laying a key foundation for social‐emotional adjustment. Unfortunately, high adversity exposure may disrupt parental emotion socialization practices and children's regulatory development. The current study used variable‐ and person‐centered approaches to evaluate links among parental emotion expressiveness, children's observed emotion regulation, and teacher‐reported adjustment among 214 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children experiencing homelessness, an indicator of high cumulative risk and acute adversity. Structured parent‐child interaction tasks were recorded on site in emergency shelters over the summer and micro‐socially coded for parent and child expressions of anger, positive affect, and internalizing distress. We anticipated that parental modeling of predominantly negative emotion expression would be associated with more child dysregulation during parent‐child interaction and worse adjustment at school, as reported by teachers the following school year. Preliminary analyses indicated that children's observed difficulty downregulating anger was associated robustly with teacher‐reported social‐behavioral problems. Latent profile analysis was used to identify three patterns of parental emotion expression characterized by above‐average expression of positive affect, internalizing distress, and anger. Parents’ likelihood of membership in the elevated anger profile significantly predicted children's observed difficulty down‐regulating anger and higher social‐behavioral problems at school. In addition to ongoing efforts to reduce poverty‐related risk, supporting adaptive anger regulation in parents and young children may be important for enhancing resilience among families experiencing homelessness and similar conditions of high cumulative risk.

Self-efficacy and coping style in relation to psychological distress and quality of life in informal caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer: a longitudinal study

ObjectiveIn order to understand how informal caregivers of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients deal with the consequences of the disease, we investigated their self-efficacy and coping style in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression (distress) and quality of life (QoL) over time. In addition, factors associated with self-efficacy and coping style were investigated.MethodsA total of 222 informal caregivers and their related HNC patients were prospectively followed as part from the multicenter cohort NETherlands QUality of life and Biomedical cohort studies In Cancer (NET-QUBIC). Self-efficacy and coping style were measured at baseline, and distress and QoL at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment.ResultsInformal caregivers had a high level of self-efficacy comparable with patients. Caregivers used “seeking social support,” “passive reacting,” and “expression of emotions” more often than patients. Factors associated with self-efficacy and coping were higher age and lower education. Higher self-efficacy was related with better QoL and “active tackling” was associated with less depression symptoms. “Passive reacting” and “expression of emotions” were associated with higher psychological distress and reduced QoL.ConclusionAmong informal caregivers of HNC patients, higher self-efficacy and “active tackling” were associated with better functioning over time, while “passive reacting” and “expression of negative emotions” were associated with worse functioning. Awareness of the differences in self-efficacy skills and coping and their relationship with QoL and psychological distress will help clinicians to identify caregivers that may benefit from additional support that improve self-efficacy and “active tackling” and reduce negative coping styles.

Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions?

Fear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of a similar phenomenon. In this article, we examine possible similarities and differences between participants exposed to fear and anxiety BOs on 2 dependent variables commonly used in chemosignals' research: (1) the activation of facial muscles in displays of fear expressions (i.e. the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii); and (2) the time required to discriminate between negative emotional expressions (fear, anger, and disgust) and neutral ones. Our results show that fear (vs. rest) and anxiety (vs. exercise) BOs activate the medial frontalis, suggesting that both have a similar impact on receivers' facial muscles. However, we could not replicate previous findings regarding the influence of fear BOs in discriminating negative emotional faces from neutral ones. Two additional replication attempts failed to replicate the earlier results, indicating that the results reported in the literature with this specific paradigm should be interpreted cautiously. Suggestions for future research examining possible differences between fear and anxiety BOs are advanced.

Тувинские глагольные конструкции с фрустративной семантикой

In linguistics, the frustrative denotes the categories with different semantics. However, researchers agree that frustrative is associated with the expression of negative emotions resulting from the disruption of the normal course of events. This paper explores three verbal constructions of the Tuvan language expressing a frustrative meaning. The first component is expressed in two constructions by the present participle form in =ar. The second component, in one of the three constructions concerned, is the multifunctional function word čüve“thing,” in the other construction it is the kay particle. The third construction is a participial analytical construction with an auxiliary verb tur= “stand,” “be” acquires a frustrative semantics in certain contexts. All these constructions are grammaticalized due to their established semantics and regular character. Two of them have complete personal-numerical paradigms, except for the participial form with the function word čüve ‘thing’ (3 person singular and plural is absent). These constructions differ in the shades and intensity of the expressed meaning. The construction with the function word čüve has a common and universal character. It can express the whole spectrum of negative emotions, from a feeling of mild discontent or annoyance to strong regret. The semantics of the construction with the kay particle is complicated by a shade of very strong regret, remorse of the speaker about the events that happened or did not happen. A common component of the semantics of these constructions expresses negative emotions of the speaker about the actions committed or not committed in the past.

SOCIAL INTERACTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA IN LONG-TERM CARE

Abstract Although social interaction might play a critical role to improve psychological well-being of old adults with dementia in long-term care, lack of social interaction between staff and residents has been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine whether social interaction is associated with psychological well-being of persons living with dementia during care in long-term care. We analyzed 258 videos from 30 participants with dementia. Each participant was taken nine videos at 0, 3, and 6 months at three care events (i.e., personal care, mealtime, and activity). Social interaction was assessed by quality (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative), type (i.e., verbal, nonverbal, and both), and presence of interaction (i.e., no and yes). Psychological well-being was measured by positive and negative emotional expressions. A mixed model was chosen for the data analysis since these repeatedly measured observation data were nested within subjects. Mixed models showed that positive and neutral interactions were significantly associated with positive emotional expressions of residents after controlling covariates while negative interaction was significantly associated with negative emotional expressions. There was no significance between interaction type and emotional expressions. This study highlights the importance of positive care staff interactions in dementia care. In addition, the institutional efforts to create an environment to reduce negative interactions can be of great help in promoting the psychological well-being of persons living with dementia.

On shame and the perceived credibility of sexual assault allegations

AbstractDespite the high incidence of sexual assault, doubt about allegations is common. Previous research suggests that victims expressing positive or no emotion are perceived as less credible than those expressing negative emotions. However, little is known about which specific negative emotional expressions contribute to credibility in this context. In two studies (N = 623), participants read a date rape vignette. The alleged victim's statement was paired with a picture of a female person expressing either shame, sadness, or no emotion. Participants rated the credibility of her account and completed a measure of rape myth acceptance. Controlling for rape myth acceptance, allegations were perceived as more credible when accompanied by an expression of shame versus sadness (a negative, low arousal control condition). It is critical to be aware of the shame‐credibility bias in this context to intervene and support those who have experienced sexual assault.

The Role of Attentional Bias Toward Negative Emotional Information and Social Anxiety in Problematic Social Media Use.

The current study aimed to analyze whether individuals with problematic social media use (PSMU) demonstrate attentional bias (AB) toward negative emotional information and determine the relationships among the severity of PSMU, social anxiety, and negative AB. Sixty participants were divided into problematic and normal use groups according to their scores on the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). The BSMAS and Interaction Anxiety Scale were adopted to measure the severity of PSMU and social anxiety, respectively. An emotional Stroop task and a visual dot-probe task (DPT) were used to assess AB toward negative emotional expressions. Relationships among the severity of PSMU, social anxiety, and negative AB were investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results showed that individuals with PSMU demonstrated AB toward negative emotional information in the emotional DPT but not in the emotional Stroop task. AB toward negative emotional information was positively correlated with the severity of PSMU and social anxiety in the emotional DPT. Findings support the key role of negative AB and social anxiety in individuals with PSMU, suggesting that more attention be paid to negative AB and social anxiety for the prevention and treatment of PSMU. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 61(6), 33-42.].

Identifying women with postdelivery posttraumatic stress disorder using natural language processing of personal childbirth narratives

BACKGROUNDMaternal mental disorders are considered a leading complication of childbirth and a common contributor to maternal death. In addition to undermining maternal welfare, untreated postpartum psychopathology can result in child emotional and physical neglect and associated significant pediatric health costs. Some women may experience traumatic childbirth and develop posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms after delivery (childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder). Although women are routinely screened for postpartum depression in the United States, there is no recommended protocol to inform the identification of women who are likely to experience childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Advancements in computational methods of free text have shown promise in informing the diagnosis of psychiatric conditions. Although the language in narratives of stressful events has been associated with posttrauma outcomes, whether the narratives of childbirth processed via machine learning can be useful for childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder screening is unknown. OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to examine the use of written narrative accounts of personal childbirth experiences for the identification of women with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. To this end, we developed a model based on natural language processing and machine learning algorithms to identify childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder via the classification of birth narratives. STUDY DESIGNOverall, 1127 eligible postpartum women who enrolled in a study survey during the COVID-19 pandemic provided short written childbirth narrative accounts in which they were instructed to focus on the most distressing aspects of their childbirth experience. They also completed a posttraumatic stress disorder symptom screen to determine childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. After the exclusion criteria were applied, data from 995 participants were analyzed. A machine learning-based Sentence-Transformers natural language processing model was used to represent narratives as vectors that served as inputs for a neural network machine learning model developed in this study to identify participants with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. RESULTSThe machine learning model derived from natural language processing of childbirth narratives achieved good performance (area under the curve, 0.75; F1 score, 0.76; sensitivity, 0.8; specificity, 0.70). Moreover, women with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder generated longer narratives (t test results: t=2.30; p=.02) and used more negative emotional expressions (Wilcoxon test: sadness: p=8.90e-04; W=31,017; anger: p=1.32e-02; W=35,005.50) and death-related words (Wilcoxon test: p=3.48e-05; W=34,538) in describing their childbirth experience than those with no childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder. CONCLUSIONThis study provided proof of concept that personal childbirth narrative accounts generated in the early postpartum period and analyzed via advanced computational methods can detect with relatively high accuracy women who are likely to endorse childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder and those at low risk. This suggests that birth narratives could be promising for informing low-cost, noninvasive tools for maternal mental health screening, and more research that used machine learning to predict early signs of maternal psychiatric morbidity is warranted.

Mothers' aversion sensitivity and reciprocal negativity in mother-child interactions: Implications for coercion theory.

Coercion theory well characterizes the behavioral aspects that often lead to dysfunctional family processes. Recent conceptualizations have incorporated emotion into models of coercive interactions, yet empirical evidence has been limited. In this study, repeated measures of mother-child dyads (N = 319) were assessed over the course of 2 years to examine whether within-mother (i.e., intraindividual) levels of aversion sensitivity-their negative emotional arousal when faced with aversive child behavior-are associated with four known components of coercive parent-child interactions: initiation, length, frequency, and the tendency to end the negative cycle. During multiple assessments over 2 years, conflictual conversations between newly divorced mothers (Mbaseline age = 36.8, SDbaseline age = 6.6; 64% non-Hispanic White) and their 4- to 11-year-old children (Mbaseline age = 7.77, SDbaseline age = 2.0; 52% female) were observed and microcoded. Forty-seven observed child behaviors were ranked from low to high aversive. Mothers' general rates of negative emotional expression and the rates at which their negative expression increased as children's behavior became increasingly aversive (i.e., their aversion sensitivity) were recorded. Results were consistent with coercion theory, revealing significant within-dyad associations between mothers' aversion sensitivity and all four components of coercive parent-child interactions. These findings suggest the importance of understanding the functions that parents' intraindividual emotional processes have in difficult, coercive family processes. Understanding such processes holds promise for clarifying how to intervene to reduce parent-child interactions known to be problematic for children's development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).