Negative Emotion Words Research Articles

Pilot Randomized Trial of an Expressive Writing Intervention to Reduce Sexual HIV-Transmission Risk and Substance Use Among Emerging Adult Gay and Bisexual Men.

This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of expressive writing to reduce HIV-related sexual risk taking and symptoms of drug dependence among emerging adult gay and bisexual men (EAGBM) through linguistic mechanisms involving use of words associated with cognitive processing (e.g., think, cause), positive emotion (e.g., love, nice), and negative emotion (e.g., hurt, shame). Between 2014 and 2015, EAGBM (n = 78; aged 18-29) completed a baseline survey and were randomized to complete three 15-min expressive writing or equivalent control-group writing sessions and follow-up assessments 2 months post-baseline. EAGBM in the expressive writing condition utilized significantly more positive emotion, negative emotion, and cognitive processing words. Path model results indicated the intervention condition resulted in significant reductions in symptoms of drug dependence and frequency of condomless anal sex (CAS) through paths mediated by positive emotion words, and significant increases in CAS through a path mediated by negative emotion words.

Chinese American Immigrant Parents' Socialization of Emotions in Bilingual Bicultural Preschool Children.

The purpose of this study was to examine Cantonese-speaking Chinese American immigrant parents' socialization of emotions in bilingual bicultural preschool children, using a combination of a parent questionnaire and parent language samples from emotion-elicited storytelling tasks. Sixteen Cantonese-speaking parents and their children participated in this study. Children were sequential bilinguals who were exposed to Cantonese (L1) at home since birth, and then learned English (L2) at school. The Chinese parent questionnaire examined parents' emotion talk in the home, as well as the child's dual language background and language distribution. Parents' language samples in Cantonese were collected from three parent-child storytelling tasks that each elicited a different type of negative emotion (sad, angry, scared). Results from the parent questionnaire and the parent language samples were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. In the parent questionnaire, correlation analysis revealed that parents' use of guilt emotions was not associated with any of the other emotion words, suggesting that parents may not talk about guilt as frequently as the other emotions. Results from the parents' language samples showed no significant differences between parents' number of emotion words and emotion explanations across the storytelling tasks, suggesting that parents used negative emotion words similarly across all three books. Further qualitative analysis between the parent questionnaire and the language samples revealed patterns in the way parents use Chinese emotion words with their children. Findings illustrate how the combined use of a parent questionnaire and parent language samples offer complementary information to provide a more comprehensive understanding about Chinese American immigrant parents' socialization of emotions.

Linguistic characteristics and the dissemination of misinformation in social media: The moderating effect of information richness

In recent years, there has been a rise in incorrect information, or misinformation, being shared on social media. Such misinformation tends to be more eye-catching and misleading. Previous studies on detecting misinformation online have focused mainly on linguistic characteristics; however, the role of linguistic characteristics in misinformation dissemination has not yet been thoroughly researched. In this study, we propose a misinformation dissemination model that includes the direct effects of four novel linguistic characteristics on dissemination and the moderating effect of information richness. The model is tested by using 9,631 examples of misinformation collected from Sina-Weibo, the leading social media platform in China. The results indicate that compared with correct information, misinformation containing persuasive and uncertainty words is more likely to be disseminated than misinformation containing emotional and comparative words. Furthermore, in the case of information richness, the results indicate that when the misinformation includes images, the effects of persuasive, negative emotion, comparative, and uncertainty words are strengthened, while the inclusion of videos weakens the effects of the linguistic characteristics. Finally, the results of robustness check by using the Fakenewsnet data set are consistent with our hypothesis, indicating that the four linguistic characteristics proposed by this study are also suitable for the dissemination of misinformation in English. The robustness check further demonstrates our method with well generalization.

The emotional tone of child descriptions during pregnancy is associated with later parenting.

How parents think and feel about their young children has implications for the parent-child relationship. We examined prospective associations between prenatal descriptions of the unborn child's personality and later parenting behavior. Pregnant women (N = 120; mean age = 26.16, SD = 5.71) were recruited in their third trimester for a longitudinal study. The sample is demographically diverse and predominantly economically disadvantaged. During prenatal interviews, women described their unborn child's personality, from which positive and negative emotion words were coded. Parenting behavior was coded 12 months postpartum (n = 105 for longitudinal analyses). Use of positive and negative words was negatively correlated (r = -.34, p<.001). Greater use of positive words to describe the unborn child's personality was associated with higher observed sensitivity, warmth, and engagement during mother-infant interactions, whereas negative words were associated with higher interference and lower levels of sensitivity. Mothers who used anxiety- and/or anger-related words to describe their unborn child, relative to mothers who did not, demonstrated higher interference and lower warmth and sensitivity. Descriptions of a child's personality before the child is born were associated with postnatal parenting behavior. Prenatal interventions that address negative thoughts and feelings regarding the child may be beneficial for promoting positive parenting postnatally.

소셜네트워크 자료기반 골프장 관련 키워드 분석 : 코로나19 기점으로

This study analyzed keywords related to golf courses based on social network data in order to use them as data to search for golf course operation strategies in consideration of the consumption patterns that have changed in the era of COVID19. To this end, keywords related to golf courses were collected from media such as Twitter, blogs, communities, Instagram, and news articles. In addition, through the SomeTrend Biz program provided by VAIV company, the following conclusions were drawn by analyzing the trends of golf course keywords before and after COVID19 by media, identification of the structure of related words of golf course keywords, and finally analyzing the emotional words of golf course keywords. First, in terms of the trend of golf course keywords before and after COVID19, the amount of mentioning the keywords was the highest on Instagram both before and after COVID19, and no changes were seen in the amount of keyword mention in other media except Twitter before COVID19. Second, in the structure of related words of golf course keywords before and after COVID19, keywords such as rounding, course, golf stargram, facilities, and travel were shown, and there was no significant difference except that natural keywords were derived from related attributes after COVID19. Third, the ratio of positive emotional words in the golf course keywords before and after COVID19 was relatively high, but in negative emotional words, the keywords such as voicing phishing, suspicion, and stagnation were derived compared to before COVID19. Thus, considering the keywords related to the golf course, the keywords derivation before and after COVID19 showed a similar pattern, so it will not cause a big problem even if the same golf course operation strategy is sought as before Covid-19. In other words, a final conclusion was drawn that the golf course operators should actively use Instagram as a marketing medium and focus on rounding, courses, facilities, etc. to instill a positive image of the golf course in users.

How Do Emotions during Goal Pursuit in Weight Change over Time? Retrospective Computational Text Analysis of Goal Setting and Striving Conversations with a Coach during a Mobile Weight Loss Program.

During behavioral weight management, individuals reflect on their progress and barriers through goal pursuit (goal setting and goal striving). Emotions during goal pursuit are largely unknown, and previous investigations of emotions in weight management have primarily relied on self-report. In this retrospective study, we used a well-validated computational text analysis approach to explore how emotion words changed over time during goal setting and striving conversations with a coach in a mobile weight loss program. Linear mixed models examined changes in emotion words each month from baseline to program end and compared emotion words between individuals who set an overall concrete goal for the program (concrete goal setters) and those who set an overall abstract goal (abstract goal setters). Contrary to findings using self-report, positive emotion words were stable and negative emotion words significantly increased over time. There was a marginal trend towards greater negative emotion word use being associated with greater weight loss. Concrete goal setters used more positive words than abstract goal setters, with no differences in negative emotion words and weight loss. Implications include the possibility that individuals may need increasing support over time for negative emotions expressed during goal setting and striving, and concrete goals could boost positive emotion. Future research should investigate these possibilities.

Investigating the Use of Electronic Well-being Diaries Completed Within a Psychoeducation Program for University Students: Longitudinal Text Analysis Study.

BackgroundPsychoeducation has the potential to support students experiencing distress and help meet the demand for support; however, there is a need to understand how these programs are experienced. Web-based diaries are a useful activity for psychoeducation because of their therapeutic benefits, ability to capture naturalistic data relevant to well-being, and appropriateness for text analysis methods.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine how university students use electronic diaries within a psychoeducation program designed to enhance mental well-being.MethodsThe Science of Happiness course was administered to 154 undergraduate students in a university setting (the United Kingdom). Diaries were collected from the students for 9 weeks. Baseline well-being data were collected using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). The percentage of negative and positive emotion words used in diaries (emotional tone) and use of words from five life domains (social, work, money, health, and leisure) were calculated using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 software. Random effects (generalized least squares) regression models were estimated to examine whether time, diary characteristics, demographics, and baseline well-being predict the emotional tone of diaries.ResultsA total of 149 students participated in the diary study, producing 1124 individual diary entries. Compliance with the diary task peaked in week 1 (n=1041, 92.62%) and was at its lowest in week 3 (n=807, 71.81%). Compared with week 1, diaries were significantly more positive in their emotional tone during week 5 (mean difference 23.90, 95% CI 16.89-30.90) and week 6 (mean difference 26.62, 95% CI 19.35-33.88) when students were tasked with writing about gratitude and their strengths. Across weeks, moderate and high baseline SWEMWBS scores were associated with a higher percentage of positive emotion words used in diaries (increases compared with students scoring low in SWEMWBS were 5.03, 95% CI 0.08-9.98 and 7.48, 95% CI 1.84-13.12, respectively). At week 1, the diaries of students with the highest levels of baseline well-being (82.92, 95% CI 73.08-92.76) were more emotionally positive on average than the diaries of students with the lowest levels of baseline well-being (59.38, 95% CI 51.02-67.73). Diaries largely focused on the use of social words. The emotional tone of diary entries was positively related to the use of leisure (3.56, 95% CI 2.28-4.85) and social words (0.74, 95% CI 0.21-1.27), and inversely related to the use of health words (−1.96, 95% CI −3.70 to −0.22).ConclusionsWe found evidence for short-term task-specific spikes in the emotional positivity of web-based diary entries and recommend future studies examine the possibility of long-term impacts on the writing and well-being of students. With student well-being strategies in mind, universities should value and encourage leisure and social activities.

The Effect of Frames on Personal Narratives of Bullying Memories

Research demonstrates the malleability of memory; a dynamic process that occurs across development and can be influenced by internal and external frames. Narratives of past experiences represent one modality of understanding how memories are influenced by these frames. The present experimental study examines how memories of bullying are affected by two distinct yet common cultural frames. College students (n = 92) were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one with a definition of bullying framing the experience in terms of resilience and one framing it in terms of negative psychosocial effects. Participants then wrote about a remembered experience with bullying. The researchers coded the narratives for coping strategies used in response to bullying as well as for positive or negative emotion words and story endings. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups in the ways bullying experiences were remembered and described. Participants in the Resiliency Group more often had positive endings to their bullying narratives and used more coping skills and positive emotion words overall. The implications of a subtle frame influencing memories of bullying and its relation to development, identity, social order, peer relationships, and resilience are discussed.

The language of states’ COVID-19 messages: Correlates of positive and negative emotion and health outcomes

Crisis communication is most effective when it takes into consideration the emotional reactions of those involved. Messages pertaining to pandemic illness such as COVID-19 should thus include the most effective types of words, given the goal of crisis management. This study investigated hypothesized word categories (e.g., reward/risk, focus on present versus past) related to superordinate categories of positive and negative emotional tone in COVID-19 fact sheets from each of the fifty states in the U.S. The relation of six word types to the superordinate categories and a health outcome variable (the rate of deaths per positive virus cases) was also tested. Results indicated that each of the six word types mapped on to either the positive or negative emotion word category. Furthermore, messages that included more reward and uncertainty words were associated with lower deaths per positive virus cases. Implications for future pandemic crisis messages are discussed.

The Associations between Imageability of Positive and Negative Valence Words and Fear Reactivity

This study investigated the associations of imageability with fear reactivity. Imageability ratings of four word classes: positive and negative (i) emotional and (ii) propriosensitive, neutral and negative (iii) theoretical and (iv) neutral concrete filler, and fear reactivity scores—degree of fearfulness towards different situations (Total Fear (TF) score) and total number of extreme fears and phobias (Extreme Fear (EF) score), were obtained from 171 participants. Correlations between imageability, TF and EF scores were tested to analyze how word categories and their valence were associated with fear reactivity. Imageability ratings were submitted to recursive partitioning. Participants with high TF and EF scores had higher imageability for negative emotional and negative theoretical words. The correlations between imageability of negative emotional words and negative theoretical words for EF score were significant. Males showed stronger correlations for imageability of negative emotional words for EF and TF scores. High imageability for positive emotional words was associated with lower fear reactivity in females. These findings were discussed with regard to negative attentional bias theory of anxiety, influence on emotional systems, and gender-specific coping styles. This study provides insight into cognitive functions involved in mental imagery, semantic competence for mental imagery in relation to fear reactivity, and a potential psycholinguistic instrument assessing fear reactivity.

Conspiracy vs science: A large-scale analysis of online discussion cascades.

With the emergence and rapid proliferation of social media platforms and social networking sites, recent years have witnessed a surge of misinformation spreading in our daily life. Drawing on a large-scale dataset which covers more than 1.4M posts and 18M comments from an online social media platform, we investigate the propagation of two distinct narratives–(i) conspiracy information, whose claims are generally unsubstantiated and thus referred as misinformation to some extent, and (ii) scientific information, whose origins are generally readily identifiable and verifiable. We find that conspiracy cascades tend to propagate in a multigenerational branching process whereas science cascades are more likely to grow in a breadth-first manner. Specifically, conspiracy information triggers larger cascades, involves more users and generations, persists longer, and is more viral and bursty than science information. Content analysis reveals that conspiracy cascades contain more negative words and emotional words which convey anger, fear, disgust, surprise and trust. We also find that conspiracy cascades are much more concerned with political and controversial topics. After applying machine learning models, we achieve an AUC score of nearly 90% in discriminating conspiracy from science narratives using the constructed features.We further investigate user’s role during the growth of cascades. In contrast with previous assumption that misinformation is primarily driven by a small set of users, we find that conspiracy cascades are more likely to be controlled by a broader set of users than science cascades, imposing new challenges on the management of misinformation. Although political affinity is thought to affect the consumption of misinformation, there is very little evidence that political orientation of the information source plays a role during the propagation of conspiracy information; Instead, we find that conspiracy information from media outlets with left or right orientation triggers smaller cascades and is less viral than information from online social media platforms (e.g., Twitter and Imgur) whose political orientations are unclear. Our study provides complementing evidence to current misinformation research and has practical policy implications to stem the propagation and mitigate the influence of misinformation online.

Using computerized text analysis to examine associations between linguistic features and clients' distress during psychotherapy.

Raw linguistic data within psychotherapy sessions may provide important information about clients' progress and well-being. In the current study, computerized text analytic techniques were applied to examine whether linguistic features were associated with clients' experiences of distress within and between clients and whether changes in linguistic features were associated with changes in treatment outcome. Transcripts of 729 psychotherapy sessions from 58 clients treated by 52 therapists were analyzed. Prior to each session, clients reported their distress level. Linguistic features were extracted automatically by using natural language parser for first-person singular identification and using positive and negative emotion words lexicon. The association between linguistic features and levels of distress was examined using multilevel models. At the within-client level, fewer first-person singular words, fewer negative emotional words and more positive emotional words were associated with lower distress in the same session; and fewer negative emotion words were associated with lower next session distress (rather small f2 effect sizes = 0.011 < f2 < 0.022). At the between-client level, only first session use of positive emotion words was associated with first session distress (ηp2 effect size = 0.08). A drop in the use of first-person singular words was associated with improved outcome from pre- to posttreatment (small ηp2 effect size = 0.05). The findings provide preliminary support for the association between clients' linguistic features and their fluctuating experience of distress. They point to the potential value of computerized linguistic measures to track therapeutic outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Not all words are beneficial: The impact of management response contents on customer engagement behavior

Abstract Online reviews play an important role in motivating hotels to enhance customer engagement through appropriate management responses. However, the impact of management responses on customer engagement remains unclear. With data from hotel reviews and management responses, this study demonstrates that customer engagement is significantly reduced when causal explanations and certain words are included in management responses, as indicated by the number of future reviews. We also observe that the negative influence of causal explanations can be alleviated when management responses contain uncertain words. Furthermore, management responses which include positive-emotional words attenuate the negative impact of causal explanations. However, no significant effect is found when negative-emotional words are used in management responses. These findings can help managers develop effective response strategies to facilitate customer engagement behavior.

The Effects of Word Use and Personality Pathology on Depression and Suicidal Behavior in Older Adult Inpatients

Few prior studies have examined whether word use is associated with personality pathology or is linked to depression and suicidal behavior in older adult inpatients. In this study, older adult depressed inpatients (N = 51; age M= 67, SD = 8.9; mean years of education = 15.49, SD = 2.6) provided narratives about high and low points in life, health challenges, and interpersonal conflicts, and completed measures of personality pathology (NEO Five Factor Inventory, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders-25), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), and suicidal ideation or behavior (SCID-5). The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis tool was used to examine the frequency of self-referential, negative emotion, or absolutist word use. After adjusting for word count, age, and occupational and marital status, the use of self-referential words in narratives about high points of life predicted suicidal behavior (OR = .563, p = .002), but word use did not predict depression or personality pathology. In regression analyses, neuroticism and maladaptive interpersonal functioning predicted depression (ß = .417, p = .002; ß = .364, p = .009, respectively) but not suicidal behavior. Together, these preliminary findings suggest that in depressed older adult inpatients, depression and suicidal behavior may have qualitatively different predictors.

Seeing the past through rose-colored glasses? Age differences in recounting a difficult memory

According to socioemotional aging theories, people better regulate their emotions in older age by reframing stressors and focusing on the positive aspects of difficult experiences. However, empirical results have been mixed. To address this gap, we examined age differences in the language use and cardiovascular reactivity of 188 adults (mean age=56, range=40-86) who relived an upsetting memory from their past. Consistent with theory, results revealed that older adults used significantly fewer negative emotion words and, among the negative emotions, marginally fewer words of anger, to describe their upsetting memory. Notably, however, there were no age differences in the expression of positive emotion or sadness. Controlling for education and cognitive function, greater expression of anger was associated with heightened systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity among older adults, not middle-aged individuals. Despite their expression of less negative emotion, older adults’ heart rate variability (HRV) dipped lower during disclosure than did middle-aged adults’. However, among those who used more positive emotion, sadness, and/or cognitive processing words, older adults no longer showed lower HRV than middle-aged participants. Overall, these results provide some evidence of positivity bias among older adults even when asked to recount a distressing personal memory, although this trend was not consistent for the expression of sadness or positive emotion. Further, cardiovascular responses appear more clearly tied to older adults’ level of engagement and emotional focus compared to their middle-aged counterparts’.

Public emotion responses during COVID ‐19 in China on social media: An observational study

COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has attacked many countries around world and caused profound impacts on public life. The outbreak of pandemic and other relevant factors are considered to cause emotion responses of residents. And the emotion responses of individuals are crucial for the execution of the prevention and control measures. By analyzing the linguistic features of posts on social media, this study aims to explore the change of public emotion responses during COVID-19 in China. We sampled 22,423 Weibo users and collected their Weibo posts by provincial area each day from January 1st, 2020 to April 18th, 2020. Next, we extracted linguistic features from posts according to the emotion-related dictionary. Based on important news and information released by the national and international organizations of public health, we divided the period from January 1st, 2020 to April 18th, 2020 into four stages (the initial period, the outbreak period, the stable period, and the prevention and control period). Then we gathered linguistic features by stage. After that, ANOVA was performed to examine the differences among these four stages. The results showed that the frequencies of 11 word categories showed significant differences among four stages, including fear, disappointment, guilt, missing, anger, panic, blessing, faith, love, praise, and surprise. The uses of several negative emotion words, such as fear, disappointment, guilt, and anger, increased saliently in the outbreak period compared with the initial period. Besides, panic words decreased significantly in the prevention and control period compared with the outbreak period. However, missing words were used more in the prevention and control period than other three periods. Moreover, people expressed more faith words and less love words in the outbreak period than the initial periods. Besides, people used more blessing words in the outbreak period compared with the stable period and prevention and control period. And praise words were used more in the outbreak period and the stable period compared with the initial period. The frequency of surprise words was significantly low only in the initial period. This study contributed to the understanding of public emotion responses during COVID-19, and had implications for the evidence-based execution of prevention and control measures.

Identifying signals associated with psychiatric illness utilizing language and images posted to Facebook

Prior research has identified associations between social media activity and psychiatric diagnoses; however, diagnoses are rarely clinically confirmed. Toward the goal of applying novel approaches to improve outcomes, research using real patient data is necessary. We collected 3,404,959 Facebook messages and 142,390 images across 223 participants (mean age = 23.7; 41.7% male) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), mood disorders (MD), and healthy volunteers (HV). We analyzed features uploaded up to 18 months before the first hospitalization using machine learning and built classifiers that distinguished SSD and MD from HV, and SSD from MD. Classification achieved AUC of 0.77 (HV vs. MD), 0.76 (HV vs. SSD), and 0.72 (SSD vs. MD). SSD used more (P < 0.01) perception words (hear, see, feel) than MD or HV. SSD and MD used more (P < 0.01) swear words compared to HV. SSD were more likely to express negative emotions compared to HV (P < 0.01). MD used more words related to biological processes (blood/pain) compared to HV (P < 0.01). The height and width of photos posted by SSD and MD were smaller (P < 0.01) than HV. MD photos contained more blues and less yellows (P < 0.01). Closer to hospitalization, use of punctuation increased (SSD vs HV), use of negative emotion words increased (MD vs. HV), and use of swear words increased (P < 0.01) for SSD and MD compared to HV. Machine-learning algorithms are capable of differentiating SSD and MD using Facebook activity alone over a year in advance of hospitalization. Integrating Facebook data with clinical information could one day serve to inform clinical decision-making.

Objective analysis of language use in cognitive-behavioral therapy: associations with symptom change in adults with co-occurring substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress

ABSTRACT Substance use disorders (SUD) commonly co-occur with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and the comorbidity is prevalent and difficult-to-treat. Few studies have objectively analyzed language use in psychotherapy as a predictor of treatment outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of patient language use during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in a randomized clinical trial, comparing a novel, integrated CBT for PTSD/SUD with standard CBT for SUD. Participants included 37 treatment-seeking, predominantly African-American adults with SUD and at least four symptoms of PTSD. We analyzed transcripts of a single, matched session across both treatment conditions, using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program. The program measures language use across multiple categories. Compared to standard CBT for SUD, patients in the novel, integrated CBT for PTSD/SUD used more negative emotion words, partially consistent with our hypothesis, but less positive emotion words. Further, exploratory analyses indicated an association between usage of cognitive processing words and clinician-observed reduction in PTSD symptoms, regardless of treatment condition. Our results suggest that language use during therapy may provide a window into mechanisms active in therapy.

Verbal emotional memory laterality effect on amygdalohippocampectomy for refractory epilepsy.

ObjectivesTo study the brain lateralization of the verbal emotional memory and the influence of the emotional valence, we investigated a sample composed of patients with medial temporal lobe refractory epilepsy (MTLE) treated with unilateral amygdalohippocampectomy compared to a control group.Materials & MethodsA new task (Verbal Association) was designed and implemented to assess emotional memory performance. It was applied to 62 patients with MTLE of whom 31 have been subjected to right amygdalohippocampectomy and 31 to left amygdalohippocampectomy. These patients were compared with 31 participants with no cerebral pathology, as a control group.Results(a) The control group obtained a higher number of recalled words than the rest of the groups, while the MTLE‐right group obtained better results than the MTLE‐left group. (b) In the case of positive emotional valence words, the MTLE‐left group performed significantly worse than the rest of the groups; whereas for negative emotional words, the MTLE‐left group presented the lowest average performance and the control group obtained a higher number of recalled words compared to MTLE‐right group. In the case of neutral emotional words, no significant differences were found among the groups. (c) The MTLE‐left group showed poorer performance on positive and negative words than neutral; the control group demonstrated lower average performance on positive and neutral words compared to negative; the MTLE‐right group did not show any significant differences on the recall of different emotional valences.ConclusionsPatients with MTLE show a deficit in the verbal recall which is exacerbated for information with an affective component. This deficit is more prominent in the case of patients with left unilateral resection (MTLE‐left group) since they lose the benefits of the emotional information for the recall.

Co-reminiscing with a caregiver about a devastating tornado: Association with adolescent anxiety symptoms.

This study explores the association between caregivers' style of co-reminiscing with their adolescents about an EF4 tornado and youth anxiety symptoms several years following the disaster. Caregiver reward of their children's emotional expression, defined as attending to and validating emotionally salient content, is generally associated with adaptive youth psychosocial outcomes. However, caregiver reward of youth recollections that are centered around the youth's negative emotional expression could be an indicator that both caregivers and adolescents are engaged in co-rumination regarding negative emotional experiences. This process may contribute to relatively higher levels of anxiety over time. Adolescents (N = 169) drawn from an ongoing study for aggressive youth (ages 12 to 17; 82% African American) provided individual recollections about their experiences during a devastating tornado 4 to 5 years following the disaster. Caregivers and youth then co-reminisced about their tornado-related experiences. Individual youth recollections were coded for negative personal impact and use of negative emotion words; caregiver-adolescent conversations were coded for caregiver reward of negative emotional expression. Youth who noted more negative personal impacts and used more negative emotion words were higher in parent-rated youth anxiety, and these associations were moderated by caregiver reward of negative emotional expression. The associations between youth recollection qualities and anxiety emerged only when caregivers exhibited high levels of reward of negative emotional expression. These patterns were generally stronger for girls compared to boys. Findings suggest that excessively discussing and rehashing negative experiences, especially several years after the disaster, may be a risk factor for anxiety among disaster-exposed adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).