Negative Deviations Research Articles

Trueness assessment of additively manufactured maxillary complete denture bases produced at different orientations

Statement of problemThe trueness of the intaglio surface of an additively manufactured maxillary denture base may be influenced by the build orientation and the inclusion of support struts. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the trueness of a photopolymer additively manufactured maxillary complete denture base created at different orientations with different support strut designs. Optimizing the build is critical for adopting best practice when fabricating maxillary complete dentures through additive manufacturing techniques. Material and methodsDenture bases (N=70) were additively manufactured at 5 different build orientations (0-, 15-, 45-, 60-, and 90-degrees) with 10 specimens per orientation. Another 2 groups of 10 were manufactured by using the optimal printing orientation with and without support struts. The denture bases were scanned after storage in artificial saliva at 37 °C, and the scan data were analyzed with a 3D metrology software program. Statistical differences were determined with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05). Color deviation heat maps were used to determine areas of clinically significant dimensional errors. ResultsSignificant differences were found among groups for positive mean deviation (F=44.09, P<.001), negative mean deviation (F=11.69, P<.001), and root mean square deviation (F=17.11, P<.001) for the different orientations. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences with the use of support struts in relation to negative mean deviation (F=3.857, P<.001) and RMSE (F=11.215, P<.001) and positive mean deviation (Kruskal-Wallis H=0.070, P=.007). The color deviation maps showed that a 45- to 90-degree print orientation was truest overall and that the addition of support struts to the cameo and intaglio surfaces improved the trueness of the maxillary denture bases. ConclusionsThe build orientation and inclusion of support struts influenced the accuracy of the intaglio surface of additively manufactured maxillary denture bases. A 45- to 90-degree build orientation with support struts on the cameo and intaglio surfaces resulted in the truest denture base.

Influence of the Crisis on Saint Petersburg’s Public Health and the Goals of Social Policy

ABSTRACT The goal of this article is to assess the influence of the 2014 economic crisis on the health of Saint Petersburg’s residents. The conventional hypothesis holds that the crisis negatively affected the public’s health and living environment. This hypothesis was tested by looking at changes in more than twenty public health indicators and factors affecting public health. In order to assess precrisis trends, a linear trend was constructed for each indicator and factor, and extrapolated values were calculated for 2015 and 2016. Deviations from these trends were the main measures of the crisis’s effect on these indicators. This research uncovered negative deviations from the trends of all indicators, but there were especially significant deviations in environmental protection, health care resources, and consumption of a number of foods. It is shown that the city’s current program for health care development has understated target values and does not take into account ecological factors. This reduces its effectiveness as an instrument of regional social policy. The proposed method calculates scientifically justified targets for programs to rebuild the city’s social services.

Excess Molar Volumes, Apparent Molar Volumes, Partial Molar Volumes of Methionine, An Amino Acid, in Water + Ethanol And Water + Methanol Solutions at 298.15 K

Methionine is an amino acid that is extremely important for human health. To better understand the biochemical events occurring in the human body, the excess molar properties of methionine and aqueous ethanol and aqueous methanol mixtures were determined at 298.15 K. Interactions between components in solutions are explained. Negative deviations from the ideal state have been observed in methionine solutions due to hydrogen bonds, dipole interactions, charge-transfer interactions.

Evaluation of Open Fractures-Sonic Velocity Relation in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs

Summary Rock physics evaluation of heterogeneous fractured reservoirs where such fractures are the main fluid conduits is necessary for production optimization and field development. In this regard, fracture parameters (i.e., aperture, density, etc.) play a significant role in acoustic wave velocities and propagation, which should be investigated. However, the effect of fracture parameters on sonic wave velocities and their propagation is relatively vague in fractured reservoirs. This study aims to evaluate the mentioned relation by integration of velocity deviation logs, image logs, conventional logs, sonic waveforms, core data, and thin sections in the four studied wells. The results of the velocity deviation logs and sonic waveforms indicate that fracture density and fracture aperture directly control their fluctuations. For example, results showed that zones with higher fracture aperture and lower fracture density, mainly in the dolomitic facies, exhibited more deviations (&amp;lt;−500) compared with the zones with higher fracture density and lower fracture aperture. Hence, the negative deviations on the velocity deviation log are not directly controlled by fracture density, and fracture aperture is the most effective factor on the negative deviation of the velocity deviation log. So, it seems that this parameter controls sonic waves scattering and reservoir behavior. It was found that open fractures and zones with higher porosity (&amp;gt;10%) would have a great impact on sonic wave velocities, attenuation, and other rock physics properties. Ultimately, it was confirmed that a simple but robust combination of the velocity deviation log with sonic waveforms can be used to delineate fractured zones with high fracture aperture (&amp;gt;0.1 mm) in the wells where core samples or image logs are not available.

Surface Structure of Alkyl/Fluoroalkylimidazolium Ionic-Liquid Mixtures.

The gas–liquid interface of ionic liquids (ILs) is critically important in many applications, for example, in supported IL phase (SILP) catalysis. Methods to investigate the interfacial structure in these systems will allow their performance to be improved in a rational way. In this study, reactive-atom scattering (RAS), surface tension measurements, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the vacuum interface of mixtures of partially fluorinated and normal alkyl ILs. The underlying aim was to understand whether fluorinated IL ions could be used as additives to modify the surface structure of one of the most widely used families of alkyl ILs. The series of ILs 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Cnmim][Tf2N]) with n = 4–12 were mixed with a fixed-length, semiperfluorinated analogue (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C8mimF13][Tf2N]), forming [Cnmim](1–x)[C8mimF13]x[Tf2N] mixtures, where x is the bulk mole fraction of the fluorinated component. The RAS-LIF method combined O-atom projectiles with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of the product OH as a measure of surface exposure of the alkyl chains. For [C8mim](1–x)[C8mimF13]x[Tf2N] mixtures, RAS-LIF OH yields are below those expected from stoichiometry. There are quantitatively consistent negative deviations from linearity of the surface tension. Both results imply that the lower-surface-tension fluoroalkyl material dominates the surface. A similar deficit is found for alkyl chain lengths n = 4, 6, 8, and 12 and for all (nonzero) x investigated by RAS-LIF. Accessible-surface-area (ASA) analyses of the MD simulations for [Cnmim](1–x)[C8mimF13]x[Tf2N] mixtures qualitatively reproduce the same primary effect of fluoro-chain predominance of the surface over most of the range of n. However, there are significant quantitative discrepancies between MD ASA predictions and experiment relating to the strength of any n-dependence of the relative alkyl coverage at fixed x, and on the x-dependence at fixed n. These discrepancies are discussed in the context of detailed examinations of the surface structures predicted in the MD simulations. Potential explanations, beyond experimental artifacts, include inadequacies in the classical force fields used in the MD simulations or the inability of simple ASA algorithms to capture dynamical factors that influence RAS-LIF yields.

Effects of Interannual Environmental Changes on Juvenile Fish Settlement in Coastal Nurseries: The Case of the Adriatic Sea

This study tested generality in the settlement and recruitment patterns of juvenile fish in the coastal Mediterranean as driven by interannual environmental differences. A multivariate analysis of juvenile fish community data, sampled over three consecutive years, was conducted to elucidate the interannual changes of new settlers’ occurrence and abundance in different nurseries along the eastern Adriatic coast. Sites were assigned to four groups of nurseries based on water type (marine or transitional) and geographical position (north or south). Statistically significant interannual differences were found in temperature but not in salinity. In general, species occurrence significantly fluctuated between years and seasons. The highest total abundance of juveniles was observed in the significantly warmer year 2018 within all study groups. Defined groups expressed significant annual differences in species richness and abundance related to variations in water temperature and salinity as environmental factors for the same consecutive years. Nurseries within transitional waters in the north are more prone to interannual water temperature changes. The associated community composition differed most from those recorded in southern marine waters, where groups were mostly defined by salinity influence and were least sensitive to interannual temperature fluctuations. The cold and rainy spring in 2019 caused late settlement and longer retention of specific economically and ecologically important fish species in the nurseries. The results suggested that settlers’ delay or retention due to negative temperature deviation in the spawning period were linked to the nurseries located in the northern transitional waters that are under a stronger coastal influence. These delays can have ecological consequences on population dynamics and on inter- and intraspecific relationships within specific nursery communities.

Hydrophobicity-Dependent Heterogeneous Nanoaggregates and Fluorescence Dynamics in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids.

The hydrophobicity of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) has been shown to have a very significant effect on the optical and structural properties of and in RTILs. The average excited state lifetime of neat RTILs has been shown to be increasing with increasing hydrophobicity of the RTILs. By employing pico-nanosecond-based fluorescence anisotropy decay, the volume of the nanoaggregates in neat RTILs have been calculated. The volume of these nanoaggregates have been shown to be decreasing with increase in hydrophobicity of the RTILs. Thus, hydrophobicity has been shown to have an important role, i.e., hydrophobicity can be used as a handle to tune the properties of RTILs as designer solvents. Moreover, the excited-state lifetime of red-emitting fluorophores, i.e., whose fluorescence emission is not perturbed by the inherent emission of RTILs, has been shown to increase with the increasing hydrophobicity of the RTILs. Highly hydrophobic RTILs have been shown to exhibit positive deviation and highly hydrophilic RTIL has been shown to exhibit negative deviation from the linear correlation between average solvation time (τs) versus viscosity/temperature (η/T).

Rainfall shocks and fertilizer use: a district level study of India

AbstractIn the context of climate change and increasing occurrences of extreme events, it is essential to understand farmers' responses to weather shocks and adaptations. This paper uses a panel dataset of 311 selected Indian districts ranging from 1966 to 2009 to investigate how application of chemical fertilizers varies in response to rainfall shocks. Two rainfall shock measures are constructed based on deviation in rainfall from the normal, a categorical measure of rainfall shock; and another, a continuous index of negative rainfall deviation. Based on a panel fixed effect regression, the study finds no apparent reduction in the level of fertilizer use in negative rainfall shock years. However, with a one-year lagged rainfall shock, a reduction in fertilizer application rate is observed for the continuous drought index. Further, exposure to higher intensity droughts in the previous year leads to an increase in the amount of fertilizer application in the current year.

Morphological Behavior of DPPC-DMPC Two-dimensional Mixed Monolayer on Water Surface by Dropping Method

We have investigated the morphology of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC)-dimyristoyl PC (DMPC) mixed monolayer formed on the water surface by the dropping method using surface tension measurement (STm), Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and infrared external reflection spectroscopy (IERS). The limiting molecular area (A0) obtained by STm showed that the negative deviation at &lt; mole fraction (xDMPC)= 0.4 whereas the positive deviation at &gt; xDMPC =0.6 when DMPC was added to the DPPC monolayer. BAM images also showed that the condensed rigid monolayer at xDMPC &lt; 0.4 changed to the expandable monolayer at xDMPC &gt; 0.5. Moreover, IER spectra showed that the alkyl chains of both DPPC and DMPC molecules are in trans conformation in mixed monolayer at xDMPC =0.2 whereas gauche conformation existed at xDMPC = 0.8. Above findings have justified the transition of flexible gauche conformation alkyl chains of DMPC molecule into rigid trans conformation by the addition of DPPC molecule at xDMPC &lt; 0.4 whereas alkyl chains retained flexible gauche conformation in both DPPC and DMPC molecules at xDMPC &gt; 0.6.

Cone-Beam Angle Dependency of 3D Models Computed from Cone-Beam CT Images.

Cone-beam dental CT can provide high-precision 3D images of the teeth and surrounding bones. From the 3D CT images, 3D models, also called digital impressions, can be computed for CAD/CAM-based fabrication of dental restorations or orthodontic devices. However, the cone-beam angle-dependent artifacts, mostly caused by the incompleteness of the projection data acquired in the circular cone-beam scan geometry, can induce significant errors in the 3D models. Using a micro-CT, we acquired CT projection data of plaster cast models at several different cone-beam angles, and we investigated the dependency of the model errors on the cone-beam angle in comparison with the reference models obtained from the optical scanning of the plaster models. For the 3D CT image reconstruction, we used the conventional Feldkamp algorithm and the combined half-scan image reconstruction algorithm to investigate the dependency of the model errors on the image reconstruction algorithm. We analyzed the mean of positive deviations and the mean of negative deviations of the surface points on the CT-image-derived 3D models from the reference model, and we compared them between the two image reconstruction algorithms. It has been found that the model error increases as the cone-beam angle increases in both algorithms. However, the model errors are smaller in the combined half-scan image reconstruction when the cone-beam angle is as large as 10 degrees.

EMF study of liquid Al–Fe–Ge alloys

Abstract The thermodynamic properties of ternary liquid Al–Fe–Ge alloys have been studied in the temperature range of 1050 – 1250 K by the electromotive force (EMF) technique with a liquid electrolyte. The ternary alloys are characterized by negative deviations from Raoult’s law.

Thermodynamic properties of binary liquid mixtures of isoamyl alcohol with heterocyclic compounds at varying temperatures

The current article presents the experimental density ( ρ ) and viscosity ( η ) values were re ported as a function of mole fraction for the binary liquid mixtures of isoamyl alcohol (IAA) + heterocyclic components (NCHC) namely; piperidine, pyrrole, pyridine, morpholine, and quinoline at the temperatures T = (293.15 to 313.15) K with 10 K intervals under atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). Based on experimental data, the excess molar volume ( V E ), viscosity deviation ( ∆η ) was calculated. These values were correlated to the Redlich-Kister (R-K) model at measured temperatures. The obtained excess molar volume was negative deviations and deviation in viscosity was positive at the above said temperatures. From these results, the new H-bond, OH- π interaction, and molecules fitting in studied unlike molecules had been determined. Further, the influence of temperature on ρ, η, V E and ∆η were also reported. .

Mapping Normative Trajectories of Cognitive Function and Its Relation to Psychopathology Symptoms and Genetic Risk in Youth

BackgroundAdolescence hosts a sharp increase in the incidence of mental disorders. The prodromal phases are often characterized by cognitive deficits that predate disease onset by several years. Characterization of cognitive performance in relation to normative trajectories may have value for early risk assessment and monitoring. MethodsYouth aged 8 to 21 years (N = 6481) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were included. Performance scores from a computerized neurocognitive battery were decomposed using principal component analysis, yielding a general cognitive score. Items reflecting various aspects of psychopathology from self-report questionnaires and collateral caregiver information were decomposed using independent component analysis, providing individual domain scores. Using normative modeling and Bayesian statistics, we estimated normative trajectories of cognitive function and tested for associations between cognitive deviance and psychopathological domain scores. In addition, we tested for associations with polygenic scores for mental and behavioral disorders often involving cognition, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer’s disease. ResultsMore negative normative cognitive deviations were associated with higher general psychopathology burden and domains reflecting positive and prodromal psychosis, attention problems, norm-violating behavior, and anxiety. In addition, better performance was associated with higher joint burden of depression, suicidal ideation, and negative psychosis symptoms. The analyses revealed no evidence for associations with polygenic scores. ConclusionsOur results show that cognitive performance is associated with general and specific domains of psychopathology in youth. These findings support the close links between cognition and psychopathology in youth and highlight the potential of normative modeling for early risk assessment.

THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS OF HIGH ENTROPY (FE-MN) BINARY ALLOY SYSTEM USING CALPHAD METHOD BASED ON THERMO-CALC PACKAGE AND PBINE,FEDATE DATABASES.

The thermodynamic analysis and calculations of the high entropy metastable binary alloy ironmanganese system have been carried out using the CALPHAD (Calculation of phase Diagram) method based on THERMO-CALC (thermodynamic calculations) package and FEDATE database. Thermodynamic analysis contain the assessment and calculation of phase diagram, Gibbs energy of mixing, excess Gibbs energies, thermodynamic molar activities, coefficient of activities, partial and integral values of enthalpy for Fe-Mn alloy system at three elevated temperatures 1200K, 1225K, and 1250K.The entropy of the said alloy system is calculated by showing linear accordance with temperature. The sudden increase is found in enthalpy curve due to overlapping of grain boundaries of the system. The high enthalpy shows increasing heat contents of the said alloy system with increasing temperature range. The alloy shows a positive deviation from Vegard’s law, Henry’s law and corresponding negative deviation from Raoults’s law ideal Gibbs curve. The obtained results show that the ferromagnetic states of Fe-Mn alloy is the most stable state FCC_A1#1. For Mn and Fe system, the phase equilibria show activity curve data for solid state and show ideal characteristics behaviors. Small positive deviation from Henry’s law was observed from the ideal curve. The alloy shows equilibrium and good stability.

Https://www.tmstudies.net/index.php/ectms/issue/view/74

This paper aims to determine whether coronavirus (COVID-19) causes cost increases in accommodation enterprises and, if any, what these costs are. Additionally, executive perspectives were taken on operational budgets for 2020, occupancy rates, profitability, the decision to stay on or off, and expectations for the following year. The case study employed a qualitative research method, a multiple caseholistic design, and semi-structured interviews to elicit data. The data were collected from ten hotel managers in four- and five-star hotels in Kemer, Antalya, and serve as a sample for the study. COVID-19 has revealed the costs associated with hotel security and health measures, hygiene and cleanliness, and technological tools. Apart from these, legal restrictions have reduced the tourism season in hotel businesses from eight to four months. Business occupancy rates remained between 45- 60 per cent. Additionally, there was a 60% negative deviation in the enterprises' budget targets. Hotel managers were more concerned with achieving breakeven, keeping staff employed, and maintaining the hotel's image than with achieving the expected profit.

Optimization of Thermo-Physical Properties For The Binary System Of Acetone–Water At 303.15-318.15 K By Response Surface Quadratic Model

Thermo bodily residences of binary liquid combos are very beneficial in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical and petroleum refining industries for improved favoured products from diverse raw materials. The physical property data on mixed solvents are important for the theoretical and applied areas of research and are frequently used in many chemical and industrial processes such as design of new process and process equipment (fluid flow, mass transfer or heat transfer calculation) and designing of bioreactor/fermenter. The objective of the current paper is to determine the density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, refractive index and surface tension of acetone (1) + water (2) at temperatures of 303.15K to 318.15K for the complete composition degrees and atmospheric pressure. These experimental values were used to calculate the respective excess homes in conjunction with a few acoustic properties. The experimental facts and excess residences have been used to calculate the interacting coefficients and well known deviations from different existing models. Also the new model equations have been evolved with the aid of the use of Design Expert application for density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, refractive indices and surface tension. Experimental consequences have been analysed on the premise of molecular interactions among element molecules with the assistance of FT-IR spectrum. Acetone-water binary structures of the prevailing observer have positive values of excess molar volumes and deviations in isentropic compressibility over whole composition range and at all temperatures which suggests sturdy interactions among the components of binary mixtures. Thermodynamic observations of acetone and water mixtures were made. Negative viscosity deviation of acetone-water combinations suggests robust dipole-dipole interactions within the device. Fourier remodel infrared spectroscopy also indicates the sturdy interaction made at 3589 cm-1 and based on the response surface method outcomes, more interplay takes area at zero. Five and zero six moles of acetone and water combination and the consequences are conformed with reference to the R2 cost (0.89). Excess molar extent and isentropic compressibility were decided and kinds of interactions have been discussed primarily based on the derived properties.

Mapping the Heterogeneous Brain Structural Phenotype of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Normative Model

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by substantial clinical and biological heterogeneity. Quantitative and individualized metrics for delineating the heterogeneity of brain structure in ASD are still lacking. Likewise, the extent to which brain structural metrics of ASD deviate from typical development (TD) and whether deviations can be used for parsing brain structural phenotypes of ASD is unclear. MethodsT1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) II (nTD = 564) were used to generate a normative model to map brain structure deviations of ABIDE I subjects (nTD = 560, nASD = 496). Voxel-based morphometry was used to compute gray matter volume. Non-negative matrix factorization was employed to decompose the gray matter matrix into 6 factors and weights. These weights were used for normative modeling to estimate the factor deviations. Then, clustering analysis was used to identify ASD subtypes. ResultsCompared with TD, ASD showed increased weights and deviations in 5 factors. Three subtypes with distinct neuroanatomical deviation patterns were identified. ASD subtype 1 and subtype 3 showed positive deviations, whereas ASD subtype 2 showed negative deviations. Distinct clinical manifestations in social communication deficits were identified among the three subtypes. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that individuals with ASD have heterogeneous deviation patterns in brain structure. The results highlight the need to test for subtypes in neuroimaging studies of ASD. This study also presents a framework for understanding neuroanatomical heterogeneity in this increasingly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.

A max–min–max robust optimization model for multi-carrier energy systems integrated with power to gas storage system

The volatile nature of the electricity market prices and renewable resources imposes remarkable challenges for multi-energy systems operators to make the appropriate decisions. Therefore, this paper offers a linear max–min–max robust optimization-based decision-making tool that incorporates both uncertainties of the electricity market price and the wind generation. Besides interaction with the electricity market, the EH purchases natural gas to feed the combined heat and power (CHP) and boiler units and supply gas demands. An electrical storage system is also used to smooth the unfavorable volatility nature of the electricity market price. Besides, an uncertainty budget model is proposed to consider both negative and positive deviation of electricity market prices, which gives the capability to increase the robustness of the system against the error of forecasting uncertainty sources. The nonlinearities arisen from the model are linearized using effective approaches and the resulted linear mathematical model is solved by GAMS. Moreover, the power to gas (P2G) storage system is integrated with the EH in order to create a link between the electrical and natural gas networks by converting the electricity to hydrogen and then to natural gas. Simulation results demonstrate that using P2G saves 6.9% in gas purchase cost and 2.13% in total cost.

Surface tension of binary mixtures of benzene + propionic acid and butanoic acid between 298.15 K and 318.15 K: Measurement and modeling

Experimental measurement of the surface tension of benzene + propanoic acid and benzene + butanoic acid has been carried out in the temperature range of 298.15 K to 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure. 170 new experimental points of surface tension have been obtained. Three theoretical models, i.e., Linear gradient theory (LGT), Shereshefsky model (SM), and the extended Langmuir model (LM), were used to modeling the surface tension and adsorption phenomenon of these binary mixtures. The three models correlated the surface tension of the benzene + carboxylic acid mixtures, and the average percent deviation was, 0.04% for LGT, 0.08% for SM, and 0.05% for LM. The Helmholtz density term and the liquid and vapor densities required in computing density with LGT were obtained with perturbed chain-statistical associating fluid theory equation of state (PC-SAFT EOS). Based on SM, the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption and the free energy change in the surface region were calculated. The free energy change was used to obtain the excess number of molecular layers in the surface region. The required parameters of the LM were adjusted, the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption was calculated, and negative deviations from ideality were determined. Also mole fractions of solute 0at surface were calculated by using LM. Additionally, by using surface tensions at different temperatures, specific surface enthalpy and specific surface entropy were calculated for (benzene + carboxylic acid) mixtures.

Development of mean isosteric heat activity coefficient model for the prediction of multicomponent liquid phase adsorption equilibria

A purely predictive thermodynamically consistent adsorbed phase activity coefficient model has been proposed for the prediction of multicomponent liquid phase adsorption equilibria. The interaction parameters for this model have been estimated by a novel interaction correction parameter and mean isosteric heat (MIH) of adsorption which only requires pure vapor phase isotherms. The infinite isosteric heat values of Clausius-Clapeyron equation coupled with Dubinin-Astakhov isotherm were avoided by implementing extrapolations at saturated and zero loading limits. The resulting MIH activity coefficient model predicted the positive and negative deviations from ideality, and for adsorbates with close minimum dimension, the results were in excellent agreement with experimental data. Using adsorbed and bulk phase activity in a thermodynamic modeling procedure the excess amount adsorbed was estimated for polar and non-polar systems. The estimations of the proposed model were compared with the Ideal Adsorbed Phase (IAP) assumption and Hansen and Fackler's (H-F) approach. The results showed that excess amount adsorbed calculated with MIH model has an average mean absolute error value considerably less than IAP and H-F methods (0.0899, 0.268 and 0.533, respectively).