Negative Deviations Research Articles

Investigation of Transport Mechanism and Nanostructure of Nylon-6,6/PVA Blend Polymers

A casting technique was used to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend polymers with different concentrations of Nylon-6,6 to increase the free-volume size and control the ionic conductivity of the blended polymers. The thermal activation energy for some blends is lower than that of pure polymers, indicating that their thermal stability is somewhere in between that of pure Nylon-6,6 and pure PVA. The degree of crystallinity of the blend sample (25.7%) was lower than that of the pure components (41.0 and 31.6% for pure Nylon-6,6 and PVA, respectively). The dielectric properties of the blended samples were investigated for different frequencies (50 Hz-5 MHz). The σac versus frequency was found to obey Jonscher's universal power law. The calculated values of the s parameter were increased from 0.53 to 0.783 for 0 and 100 wt.% Nylon-6,6, respectively, and values less than 1 indicate the hopping conduction mechanism. The barrier height (Wm) was found to increase from 0.33 to 0.72 for 0 and 100 wt.% Nylon-6,6, respectively. The ionic conductivity decreases as the concentration of Nylon-6,6 is blended into PVA because increasing the Nylon-6,6 concentration reduces the number of mobile charge carriers. Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy was used to investigate the free volume's nanostructure. The hole volume size grows exponentially with the concentration of Nylon-6,6 mixed with PVA. The Nylon-6,6/PVA blends' free-volume distribution indicates that there is no phase separation in the blended samples. Mixing PVA and Nylon-6,6 resulted in a negative deviation (miscible blends), as evidenced by the interaction parameter's negative value. The strong correlation between the free-volume size and other macroscopic properties like ionic conductivity suggests that the free-volume size influences these macroscopic properties.

Some Thermodynmic Properties of binary Mixtures of Alcohol isomers and Sulfolane at 298.15K

The refractive indices, nD densities , and viscosities h of binary mixtures of sulfolane + n -butanol + sec- butanol + iso- butanol + tert – butanol + n-propanol and iso- propanol were measured at 298.15K. Form experimental data, excess molar volum VE , excess molar refractivity nD, excess molar viscosityhE and excess molar Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow DG*E were calculated. From n-propanol – sulfolane and iso- propanol sulfolane mixtures showed negative nD, n-butanol – sulfolane, sec-butanal – sulfolane, iso-butanol – sulfolane and tert- butanol sulfolane , DnD was positive over the whole mole fraction rang , while VE, hE and DG*E show a negative deviation. The results obtained for binary mixtures suggest two types of molecular interaction. One is the formation of new stable complexes between the sulfone group of sulfolane and the hydroxyl group of alcohols and the second is related to the participation in destroying the mixture structure and forming a new structure. Excess molar quantities of these binary mixtures were found to be affected directly by the position of hydroxyl group and the steric associated with the methyl group.

Thermodynamic properties of selected glasses in the CaO–Al2O3–TiO2 system

The thermodynamic properties of a Ca12Al14O33 (C12A7) binary glass and the impact of titania additions (+5 and 7 wt%) were studied for the first time using three different calorimetric techniques: low-temperature adiabatic, high-temperature drop solution and transposed temperature drop calorimetry. The enthalpy of formation from oxides at 298.15 K of the Ca12Al14O33 and Ca12Al14O33+7 wt% TiO2 glass samples (16.0±1.8 and 14.5±2.4 kJ/mol, respectively) and the enthalpy of dissolution of TiO2 (rut) at 1073.15 K were obtained by drop solution calorimetry in a 2PbO–B2O3 solvent. A close value (11.9±2.3 kJ/mol) was obtained for the same C12A7 glass by transposed temperature drop calorimetry. The investigation of the impact of TiO2 additions on the thermodynamic properties of glasses shows that there is no influence on heat capacity of C12A7 up to 7 wt% of TiO2. In contrast, a negative deviation of the enthalpy of formation from oxides at 298.15 K from the ideal-mixing straight line was observed.

인지⋅정서⋅행동치료(REBT)에 기반한 심리극 집단상담 프로그램이 청소년의 부정적 자동적 사고, 역기능적 태도 및 우울에 미치는 효과

Objectives The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of REBT-based psychodrama group counselling on depression in adolescents. Methods For the purpose of this study, 182 middle-school teenagers in Jeollakbuk-do were divided into an experimental group and a control group of 91 subjects each, and a total of 10 sessions of REBT-based psychodrama group counselling were conducted. With a focus on authenticating the efficacy of this therapy method, a pre-post-test on depression, negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitude was conducted on the adolescents. Results In order to evaluate the effects of program participants on negative automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and depression, mean and standard deviation were calculated to conduct pre-test and post-test on the experimental group (n=91) and control group (n=91), and covariate analysis (ANCOVA) was conducted to evaluate the effect of the program. A t-test was conducted to analyze the differences in variables between the experimental group and the control group, and a two-way mixed ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of psychodrama group counseling program based on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy on negative automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitude, and depression changes. Conclusions Following the use of statistical methods, the result of this study revealed a significant decrease in depression, negative automatic thoughts, and dysfunctional attitude in the experimental group in which REBT- based psychodrama group counselling was conducted, in comparison to the control group. Also, on the topic of expediting the argument on irrational beliefs, with psychodrama as the central theme, the application of REBT-based counselling has been suggested. Based on this, proposals and suggestions for follow-up studies on an integrated approach to REBT and psychodrama have been put forward.

Vertical structure of the lower-stratospheric moist bias in the ERA5 reanalysis and its connection to mixing processes

Abstract. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are known to possess a distinct moist bias in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere, which is expected to affect the ability to accurately predict weather and climate. This paper investigates the vertical structure of the moist bias in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) latest global reanalysis ERA5 using a unique multi-campaign data set of highly resolved water vapour profiles observed with a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) on board the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO). In total, 41 flights in the mid-latitudes from six field campaigns provide roughly 33 000 profiles with humidity varying by 4 orders of magnitude. The observations cover different synoptic situations and seasons and thus are suitable to characterize the strong vertical gradients of moisture in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The comparison to ERA5 indicates high positive and negative deviations in the UT, which on average lead to a slightly positive bias (15 %–20 %). In the LS, the moist bias rapidly increases up to a maximum of 55 % at 1.3 km altitude above the thermal tropopause (tTP) and decreases again to 15 %–20 % at 4 km altitude. Such a vertical structure is frequently observed, although the magnitude varies from flight to flight. The layer depth of increased moist bias is smaller at high tropopause altitudes and larger when the tropopause is low. Our results also suggest a seasonality of the moist bias, with the maximum in summer exceeding autumn by up to a factor of 3. During one field campaign, collocated ozone and water vapour profile observations enable a classification of tropospheric, stratospheric, and mixed air using water vapour–ozone correlations. It is revealed that the moist bias is high in the mixed air while being small in tropospheric and stratospheric air, which highlights that excessive transport of moisture into the LS plays a decisive role for the formation of the moist bias. Our results suggest that a better representation of mixing processes in NWP models could lead to a reduced LS moist bias that, in turn, may lead to more accurate weather and climate forecasts. The lower-stratospheric moist bias should be borne in mind for climatological studies using reanalysis data.

Disentangling scatter in long-term concentration–discharge relationships: the role of event types

Abstract. Relationships between nitrate concentrations and discharge rates (C–Q) at the catchment outlet can provide insights into sources, mobilization and biogeochemical transformations of nitrate within the catchment. Nitrate C–Q relationships often exhibit considerable scatter that might be related to variable hydrologic conditions during runoff events at sampling time, corresponding to variable sources and flow paths despite similar discharge (Q) rates. Although previous studies investigated the origins of this scatter in individual or in a few catchments, the role of different runoff event types across a large set of catchments is not yet fully understood. This study combines a hydrological runoff event classification framework with low-frequency nitrate samples in 184 catchments to explore the role of different runoff events in shaping long-term C–Q relationships and their variability across contrasting catchments. In most of the catchments, snow-impacted events produce positive deviations of concentrations, indicating an increased nitrate mobilization compared to the long-term pattern. In contrast, negative deviations occur mostly for rainfall-induced events with dry antecedent conditions, indicating the occurrence of lower nitrate concentrations (C) in river flows than their long-term pattern values during this type of event. Pronounced differences in event runoff coefficients among different event types indicate their contrasting levels of hydrologic connectivity that in turn might play a key role in controlling nitrate transport due to the activation of faster flow paths between sources and streams. Using long-term, low-frequency nitrate data, we demonstrate that runoff event types shape observed scatter in long-term C–Q relationships according to their level of hydrologic connectivity. In addition, we hypothesize that the level of biogeochemical attenuation of catchments can partially explain the spatial variability of the scatter during different event types.

Unveiling the salting effects of choline chloride on aqueous polymer solutions

The salting-in and salting-out phenomena occurring in aqueous systems composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and water-soluble polymers were deeply scrutinized in this work. For this purpose, four ternary systems of {polymer + ChCl + water} were subjected to vapor-liquid equilibrium study by the isopiestic measurements at 25 °C. The polymers used are polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), polyethylene glycol 10,000 (PEG10000), polypropylene glycol 400 (PPG400), and polyvinylpyrrolidone 10,000 (PVP10000). Deviations of water isoactivity curves from the linear isopiestic relation (LIR) were considered as a benchmark to identify the dominant interactions and the salting effects occurring in the systems under investigation. Ternary aqueous solutions of PEG400/PEG10000/PVP10000 + ChCl showed positive deviations from the LIR, indicating the favorable polymer-ChCl interactions in these systems, and thus the occurrence of the salting-in effect in the concentration range investigated in this work. The strength of the co-solvency effect of ChCl on the aqueous polymer solutions decreases in the order PVP10000 > PEG10000 > PEG400. On the other hand, the aqueous system of PPG400 + ChCl exhibited negative deviations from the LIR in the monophasic region, demonstrating the unfriendly and incompatible behavior of ChCl with PPG in aqueous media resulting in the salting-out effect. The binodal curve determining the boundary between the monophasic and biphasic regions was obtained for the PPG400-ChCl aqueous biphasic system. It was found that the water isoactivity curves in the biphasic region of this system have positive deviations from the LIR due to the partial dehydration of the solutes by phase splitting.

High-temperature mass spectrometric study and modeling of ceramics based on the Al2 O3 -SiO2 -ZrO2 system.

Materials based on the Al2 O3 -SiO2 -ZrO2 system are promising for a wide range of high-temperature technological applications, such as thermal barrier coatings in the aviation and space industry or advanced materials in nuclear power reactors. Experimental studies of the ceramics based on this system by the Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric (KEMS) method are of significant interest in designing technological processes for the synthesis and exploitation of the Al2 O3 -SiO2 -ZrO2 materials. Samples of ceramics in the Al2 O3 -SiO2 -ZrO2 system, including the Al2 O3 -ZrO2 and SiO2 -ZrO2 binaries, were prepared by solid-state synthesis. Analysis of the samples was performed by X-ray fluorescence and diffraction techniques. The vapor composition and thermodynamic properties of the components in this system were determined by KEMS. The derived thermodynamic functions were optimized within the generalized lattice theory of associated solutions (GLTAS). In the temperature range 1900-2600 K, the SiO, Al,AlO, Al2 O, ZrO, ZrO2 , and O vapor species were identified over the samples in the systems under study. For the thermodynamic properties to be determined correctly, the samples of the Al2 O3 -SiO2 -ZrO2 system had to be vaporized at temperatures less than 2000 K, where data could be obtained only for the SiO species. The SiO2 activities obtained were taken as the experimental basis for the modeling within the GLTAS approach. This allowed evaluation of the component activities and excess Gibbs energy, and assessment of the relative number of bonds of different types. At 1920 K, the Al2 O3 -SiO2 -ZrO2 system is characterized by negative deviations of its thermodynamic properties from the ideal behavior. The consistency of the obtained modeling results was illustrated by comparison of the values derived from the data for the ternary and the boundary binary systems and thereby indicates the reasonable uniformity of the energy parameters of the lattice model derived in the calculations, which may be used in further modeling of multicomponent systems.

Exploring milk loss and variability during environmental perturbations across lactation stages as resilience indicators in Holstein cattle.

Genetic selection for resilience is essential to improve the long-term sustainability of the dairy cattle industry, especially the ability of cows to maintain their level of production when exposed to environmental disturbances. Recording of daily milk yield provides an opportunity to develop resilience indicators based on milk losses and fluctuations in daily milk yield caused by environmental disturbances. In this context, our study aimed to explore milk loss traits and measures of variability in daily milk yield, including log-transformed standard deviation of milk deviations (Lnsd), lag-1 autocorrelation (Ra), and skewness of the deviations (Ske), as indicators of general resilience in dairy cows. The unperturbed dynamics of milk yield as well as milk loss were predicted using an iterative procedure of lactation curve modeling. Milk fluctuations were defined as a period of at least 10 successive days of negative deviations in which milk yield dropped at least once below 90% of the expected values. Genetic parameters of these indicators and their genetic correlation with economically important traits were estimated using single-trait and bivariate animal models and 8,935 lactations (after quality control) from 6,816 Chinese Holstein cows. In general, cows experienced an average of 3.73 environmental disturbances with a milk loss of 267kg of milk per lactation. Each fluctuation lasted for 19.80 ± 11.46days. Milk loss traits are heritable with heritability estimates ranging from 0.004 to 0.061. The heritabilities differed between Lnsd (0.135-0.250), Ra (0.008-0.058), and Ske (0.001-0.075), with the highest heritability estimate of 0.250 ± 0.020 for Lnsd when removing the first and last 10days in milk in a lactation (Lnsd2). Based on moderate to high genetic correlations, lower Lnsd2 is associated with less milk losses, better reproductive performance, and lower disease incidence. These findings indicate that among the variables evaluated, Lnsd2 is the most promising indicator for breeding for improved resilience in Holstein cattle.

Термодинамічні властивості розплавів систем Cu—Yb і Cu—In—Yb

The partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of the melts the Cu-Yb system in the composition range 0 < xCu <0,7 and for 5 sections of Cu – In – Yb system with a constant ratio of the other two components (xCu/xIn=0,36/0,64; xCu/xIn= 0,62/0,38; xIn/xYb= 0,62/0,38; xCu/xYb =0,64/0,36; xCu/xYb =0,21/0,79) to x3 = 0.3 by method isoperibolical calorimetry in the temperature range 1453-1473K first were determined. Using the model of ideal associated solutions (IAR), all the thermodynamic properties (Gibbs energies of mixing melts, enthalpy and entropy of formation of intermetallic compounds and associates) of the Cu–Yb system were calculated. It turned out that the activity of the components in the melts of this system exhibit small negative deviations from ideal solutions. Calculations using the IAR model also made it possible to establish that with increasing temperature it increases slightly, but more significantly. Also were obtained the coordinates of the liquidus curve of the diagram state of the studied system. The principal contribution to the enthalpies of mixing in the liquid alloysof the Cu–In–Yb system gives the border subsystem In–Yb. Because the minimum of the mixing enthalpies in the ternary sysytem Cu–In–Yb shifts towards the equiatomic alloy concentration of subsystem In–Yb (-36,5±1,0) at Т= 1453 К. Using the experimental partial and integral enthalpies of mixing, the activities of the components in the melts of binary limiteyted system of melts of the Cu–In–Yb ternary system, calculated according to «geometric» and the Redlich-Kister-Mujian models in a wide range of concentrations. It is established that the experimental ∆H, and calculated analogical datas according to the Redlich-Kister-Mujianu model agree between. It is shown that the activities of the components in the melts of this system, calculated according to the Redlich-Kister model, show small negative deviations from ideal solutions at 1453 K. From these of data calculated G, S. It was found that Gmin = –19 kJ/mol, Smin = –15 J/mol*K for the alloy In0,5Yb0,5. This correlates with the determined thermochemical properties of the melts Cu –In– Yb system. Keywords: calorimetry, the melts, intermetallic, thermodynamic properties, Cu, Yb, In, the model of ideal associated solutions, the Redlich—Kister—Mujianu model, phase equilibria.

Термодинамічні властивості і фазові рівноваги в сплавах системи Eu—Pb

Firstthe partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of the melts of the Eu—Pb system were determined at a temperature of 1100—1350 K in everything range the composition by method isoperibolical calorimetry. It was established that of the melts of the Eu—Pb system are formed with the release of a big amount of heat: the minimum H = –51,7  ± 0,8 (at xPb = 0,4). Using the model of ideal associated solutions, all the thermodynamic properties (Gibbs energies, enthalpy and entropy of formation of melts, intermetallic compounds and associates) of the Eu—Pb system were calculated. It turned out that the activity of the components in the melts of this system exhibit moderate negative deviations from ideal solutions. According to the IAR model, the temperature-concentration dependences of the Gibbs energies, enthalpies and entropies formation of melts and intermetallics were calculated, and from them were obtained the coordinates of the liquidus curve of the diagram state of the studied system. As a result, the temperature-concentration dependences of the thermodynamic properties of all phases and the liquidus of the Eu—Pb system are obtained, those a thermodynamic description of this system is made. Keywords: calorimetry, melts, intermetallics, thermodynamic properties, Eu, Pb, model of ideal associated solutions, phase equilibria.

IMPROVING THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AT MTE

The process of enterprise management is considered from the standpoint of the implementation of the control function through the main functions: planning, organization, stimulation and regulation. The content of the concept of control as a management activity, a management function, a set of procedures and as a system is analyzed. Under control, it is proposed to understand the main function of management, whose implementation is necessary for the formation of a system for processing information obtained by monitoring, regulating and displaying real facts and results of the enterprise functioning. This system is aimed at improving the efficiency of the enterprise by comparing the obtained results with planned and normative results, identifying the causes of possible deviations and their timely elimination, as well as preventing the appearance of negative deviations in the future period. It is proposed to use a systematic approach to the organization of internal control at the enterprise. The necessity of dividing the final and subsequent controls, i.e. the selection of the fourth stage in the internal control system, is substantiated. An internal control system consisting of four stages has been developed: preliminary control, current control, final control, subsequent control. A comparative characterization of each stage of the MTE internal control system was carried out according to the following features: subject of control, object of control, purpose of control, tasks of control, time of implementation, sources of information, nature of control, possibility of making preventive corrections. Each stage of the MTE internal control system was developed using the IDEF0 process approach. Recommendations for the implementation of each stage of the MTE internal control system are offered. The structure of MTE costs is considered. The most significant expenditure items are highlighted: fuel and lubricants, taxes and fees as part of the cost price, wages, depreciation. The structure of overhead costs was analyzed according to the following items: general production costs, costs for maintaining the control apparatus, non-productive costs, excluded costs. It is proposed to use a functional-cost analysis of overhead costs in three stages: informational-preparatory, creative-analytical, implementation-control. The prohibited technique will increase the efficiency of the activities of motor transport enterprises.

Comparison of the accuracy of resin-composite crowns fabricated by three-dimensional printing and milling methods.

This study aimed to compare the dimensional accuracies of three-dimensional (3D)-printed and milled resin-composite crowns, and to determine acceptable abutment-tooth shapes for printing. Four first-molar abutment models were prepared: the master model form and three models with sharp occluso-axial line angles. Crowns were designed on each abutment using computer-aided design software. The drill-offset value was set at 0.0 or 0.5 mm to evaluate the effect on the dimensional accuracy of milling. A digital light processing-based 3D printer was used to fabricate 3D-printed crowns. Milled crowns were fabricated by wet-milling. The trueness was evaluated by superimposing the design data. Regardless of the abutment form, 3D-printed crowns showed higher accuracy with fewer marginal discrepancies than milled crowns. Milled crowns showed significant dimensional deviations, especially at cusps. Moreover, offset correction resulted in grooves on the internal surface of milled crowns with negative deviations, which were especially evident in crowns for the sharp models.

Identifying central 10° visual subfield associated with future worsening of visual acuity in eyes with advanced glaucoma

Background/aimsTo determine a cluster of test points: visual subfield (VSF) of Humphrey Field Analyzer 10–2 test (HFA 10–2) of which baseline sensitivities were associated with future worsening of visual acuity...

A preemptive goal programming for multi‐objective cooperative games: an application to multi‐objective linear production

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the fair allocation of multi‐objective cooperative games (MOCGs) using a preemptive goal programming (PGP). First, this research establishes the PGP model, where the priority factors of PGP describe the importance degrees of different objectives in MOCGs, the positive and negative deviations of PGP present the relation between the overall payoff and the worth of a coalition, and the weighting factors of negative deviations of PGP express the coalition weights of MOCGs. Second, we investigate the relationships between the solutions of the PGP model and the cores of MOCGs, including the preference core, preference ‐core, and dominance core. Our analysis shows that the optimal solution of PGP belongs to the preference core, and the satisfactory solution of PGP satisfying certain conditions belongs to the dominance core or preference ‐core. Finally, we demonstrate the practical and managerial relevance of our results by applying our findings to a multi‐objective linear production to produce certain kinds of goods using different resources for multi‐firms with varying objectives and illustrate them numerically.

De‐branching, too‐much‐branching, and cost of debt of SMEs in Slovakia

AbstractWe investigate nonlinear effects of bank branch saturation on SMEs' cost of debt at regional level in Slovakia over the period 2013–2019. We adopt the two‐step approach by first constructing model of bank branch localization, and then analyzing effects of positive and negative deviations from the equilibrium level. We observe negative effect of debranching, but report no effect of positive increase in deviations from equilibrium level on SMEs' cost of debt. The most affected firms are middle‐sized, domestically owned, operating in low‐tech industries, and with better creditworthiness. Bank market characteristics also tend to matter for pricing of firm's debt.

Comparison of Several Prediction Equations Using Skinfold Thickness for Estimating Percentage Body Fat vs. Body Fat Percentage Determined by BIA in 6-8-Year-Old South African Children: The BC-IT Study.

Body composition measurement is useful for assessing percentage body fat (%BF) and medical diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and response to treatment, and is essential in assessing nutritional status, especially in children. However, finding accurate and precise techniques remains a challenge. The study compares %BF determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and calculated from available prediction equations based on skinfolds in young South African children. A cross-sectional study performed on 202 children (83 boys and 119 girls) aged 6-8 years. Height and weight, triceps and subscapular skinfolds were determined according to standard procedures. %BF was determined with BIA and three relevant available equations. SPSS analyzed the data using paired samples tests, linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots. Significant paired mean differences were found for BIA and Slaughter (t201 = 33.896, p < 0.001), Wickramasinghe (t201 = 4.217, p < 0.001), and Dezenberg (t201 = 19.910, p < 0.001). For all of the equations, the standards for evaluating prediction errors (SEE) were above 5. The Bland-Altman plots show relatively large positive and negative deviations from the mean difference lines and trends of systematic under- and over-estimation of %BF across the %BF spectrum. All three equations demonstrated a smaller %BF than the %BF measured by BIA, but the difference was smallest with the Wickramasinghe equation. In comparison, a poor SEE was found in the three %BF predicted equations and %BF derived from BIA. As such, an age-specific %BF equation incorporating criterion methods of deuterium dilution techniques or 'gold-standard' methods is needed to refute these findings. However, in the absence of developed %BF equations or 'gold-standard' methods, the available prediction equations are still desirable.

Deviations from normative brain white and gray matter structure are associated with psychopathology in youth

Combining imaging modalities and metrics that are sensitive to various aspects of brain structure and maturation may help identify individuals that show deviations in relation to same-aged peers, and thus benefit early-risk-assessment for mental disorders. We used one timepoint multimodal brain imaging, cognitive, and questionnaire data from 1280 eight- to twenty-one-year-olds from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We estimated age-related gray and white matter properties and estimated individual deviation scores using normative modeling. Next, we tested for associations between the estimated deviation scores, and with psychopathology domain scores and cognition. More negative deviations in DTI-based fractional anisotropy (FA) and the first principal eigenvalue of the diffusion tensor (L1) were associated with higher scores on psychosis positive and prodromal symptoms and general psychopathology. A more negative deviation in cortical thickness (CT) was associated with a higher general psychopathology score. Negative deviations in global FA, surface area, L1 and CT were also associated with poorer cognitive performance. No robust associations were found between the deviation scores based on CT and DTI. The low correlations between the different multimodal magnetic resonance imaging-based deviation scores suggest that psychopathological burden in adolescence can be mapped onto partly distinct neurobiological features.

Co-pyrolysis of beech wood and polyamide-6: Impact of plastic concentration and wood/plastic synergistic effects

Biomass residues and waste can be converted into bioliquids by pyrolysis, which can contribute to both the production of renewable fuels and the recycling of waste. In this paper, the catalytic co-pyrolysis of mixtures of beech wood (BW) and polyamide-6 (PA6) in different ratios was investigated to assess the effect of PA6 concentration on the properties of bio-oils and on the catalyst performances in upgrading the bio-oils. The catalytic treatment was applied to the pyrolysis vapors that were driven across a H-ZSM-5 catalyst bed before their condensation into liquid products. Increasing the PA6 concentration in the BW+PA6 blends led to an increase in the average molar mass of bio-oils and to an increase in their N-content. Caprolactam and 5-cyano-1-pentene were the main products derived from PA6 pyrolysis, and their ratio also changed with the PA6 concentration. The production of fully deoxygenated compounds was strongly reduced in the presence of PA6, as the result of catalyst deactivation, also evidenced by the increase in sugars and decrease in furans concentrations. The amount of coke deposited on the catalyst decreased as the PA6 concentration increased, but this coke contained more nitrogen. Synergistic effects in the BW+PA6 pyrolysis were evidenced by the positive or negative deviation of different parameters (mass of gas, liquid, solid products, mass of coke on the catalyst, C, N, O composition of bio-oils) from a simple arithmetic combination of the same parameters for pure BW or pure PA6 weighted by their concentrations, in particular the N-content in the bio-oils was much higher than expected.

Девиантное поведение осужденных военнопленных и исправительно-профилактическое воздействие в их отношении: постановка проблемы

The article states the absence of national regulation of the treatment of interned convicted prisoners of war (primarily in the Penal Code of the Russian Federation) and only a partial mention of them in the Geneva Convention «On the Treatment of Prisoners of War», which is especially updated by the special military operation in Ukraine. Taking into account the specific individualizing characteristics of convicted prisoners of war (combat experience, psychological and other special training, often adherence to a radical ideology, etc.) in order to prevent their deviant behavior, the provisions of the convention regulating certain aspects of the application of the regime, educational work, and social influence are analyzed and other means of their correction on the part of the state authorities of the detaining power, as well as international and national public organizations.&#x0D; Attention is focused on the means of correction, which have a significant preventive potential, in particular, by ensuring of the internal and external isolation of convicted prisoners of war, imposing disciplinary sanctions on them, including by provisional detention of offenders in order to maintain order and discipline, etc. &#x0D; Particular attention in the context of ensuring the safety of the activities of places of detention of convicted prisoners of war is given to the prevention of their self-injury, including when deciding on release for health reasons, radical religious manifestations, as well as other negative deviations.