Negative Communication Behaviors Research Articles

A day in the life: Couples' everyday communication and subsequent relationship outcomes.

Understanding how communication processes contribute to well-functioning versus distressed couple relationships has relied largely on brief, laboratory-based conversations. Harnessing technological advancements, the present study extends the literature by capturing couples' naturalistic communication over one full day at Time 1 (T1). This study tested associations between data-driven categories of couple communication behaviors and relationship outcomes (i.e., relationship aggression, satisfaction, and dissolution) at Time 2 (T2), approximately 1 year later. Emerging adults in different-gender dating couples (n = 106 couples; 212 individuals; Mage = 22.57 ± 2.44; M relationship length = 30.49 months ± 24.05; 72.2% non-White) were each provided a smartphone programmed to audio record approximately 50% of a typical day. Interactions between partners were transcribed and coded for location, activity, affect, and a range of positive and negative communication behaviors for each partner. Even after controlling for T1 assessments of the relevant outcome, one's own hostility and one's partner's hostility at T1 were each positively associated with T2 relationship aggression and negatively associated with T2 relationship satisfaction. One's own withdrawal at T1 was positively associated with T2 relationship aggression perpetration, whereas one's partner's withdrawal was negatively linked to relationship satisfaction at T2. One's own playfulness, unexpectedly, was linked to lower subsequent relationship satisfaction. Withdrawal increased the likelihood of relationship dissolution, whereas warmth and playfulness decreased the likelihood of dissolution. The relevance of couples' ordinary, everyday communication for meaningful relationship outcomes is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

DAMPAK NEGATIF GAME ONLINE FREE FIRE TERHADAP PERILAKU KOMUNIKASI ANAK PEMAIN GAME ONLINE FREE FIRE DI DUSUN BILE TEPUNG LOMBOK BARAT

Apart from being a medium of entertainment, online games can also be used as a medium of communication between players, because online games have communication features that allow players to interact, even though they are in different places. The intensity of the interaction of free-fire online game players, depending on the duration of the game, the longer the duration of the game they participate in, the potential for negative communication behavior to arise spontaneously. This study found that there was a negative impact of the free-fire online game on the negative behavior and forms of communication of children playing free-fire online games in Bile Tepung Hamlet, West Lombok.

Can corporate–nonprofit partnerships buffer socially irresponsible corporations from stakeholder backlash?

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the complex relationship between corporate–nonprofit partnership characteristics (type, duration and source of communication); attitude toward the corporation (pretest and posttest); partnership evaluation; and stakeholders' willingness to engage in anti-corporate behaviors when a corporation behaves irresponsibly and negatively impacts an individual's community. The three partnership characteristics are evaluated, individually and collectively, to discern which, if any, characteristics protect or buffer a corporation from stakeholders' engagement in negative communication behaviors when controlling for how stakeholders evaluate the partnership and the corporation.Design/methodology/approachThe study used an online experiment with 970 participants who were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design.FindingsContrary to some previous research findings, this study found that individuals who evaluate either the corporation or the partnership favorably are more likely to engage in anti-corporate behaviors. Neither the partnership type nor communication source provides a buffering effect. The only partnership characteristic to generate a buffering effect was duration and that only occurred if the partnership lasted three years. This study concludes that when corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) co-occur, an amplification rather than mollifies stakeholders' willingness to enact anti-corporate communication behaviors in instances of CSI.Originality/valueThis study advances scholarly understanding of CSR and CSI as in-tandem concepts and practices. The findings challenge previous claims that corporate–nonprofit partnerships can buffer corporations from negative events. In contrast, we find that partnerships are limited in their ability to reduce stakeholders' willingness to engage in anti-corporate behaviors in instances of CSR. It also answers calls that CSR research should use non-fictitious companies to increase ecological validity of the study design.

Communication with Compassion as Positive Leadership Practices: The Case of Nutrifood Indonesia

The recent emergence of negative communication and apathetic behavior requires positive communication by considering empathy known as Komunikasih (In Indonesian, communication with compassion). Besides individuals, institutions, including companies, should apply Komunikasih to practice positive communication. This article examines the Rumah Kedua (second home) program of Nutrifood Indonesia as the embodiment of the company's value or culture, namely “i-care.” This study employed a case study method with a Komunikasih theory analysis. The data were collected using textual, visual, digital, manual, professional, and personal document search, and in-depth interviews with key informants: the CEO and several employees of Nutrifood. This study revealed that the Komunikasih spirit embodies in the form of 1) equality, 2) sincerity, 3) compassion, 4) affection, 5) respectfulness, 6) friendship, 7) sense of family, 8) meaningfulness, 9) wellness, and 10) loyalty. Consequently, the company created a comfortable working atmosphere that makes the office like a second home. Nutrifood has used multimedia and multi-sensory messages through videography, storytelling, books, wall quotes, and ambient layouts to communicate these values. Other companies can use the findings of this study as a reference to implement the idea of Komunikasih in their internal and external communication.

Does couple communication predict later relationship quality and dissolution? A meta‐analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the overall effect between positive and negative communication behaviors and later relationship quality and dissolution.BackgroundBehavioral models of relationship development argue that the quality of couples' communication is key to understanding later relational outcomes. However, longitudinal studies have yielded inconsistent associations between communication behaviors and subsequent relationship functioning, leaving questions about the robustness of these effects.MethodTo explore these potential associations, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 64 dyadic studies and 1784 parameter estimates to generate a weighted average effect of positive and negative communication behaviors predicting later relationship quality and dissolution. We conducted multiple‐regression moderation analyses to identify key study‐level moderators.ResultsPositive (rwithin‐partner = .15, p < .001; rcross‐partner = .09, p = .017) and negative (rwithin‐partner = −.17, p < .001; rcross‐partner = −.16, p < .001) communication behaviors had a small and significant effect on later relationship quality. Positive communication behaviors had a small but not statistically significant effect on relationship dissolution (d = 0.24, p = .105), whereas negative communication behaviors had a small‐to‐moderate statistically significant effect on relationship dissolution (d = −0.41, p < .001). Few study‐level characteristics consistently moderated these associations.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis indicates that couples' positive and negative communication behaviors are reliably associated with their later relationship quality, and couples' negative communication is associated with later dissolution. However, these effects are small, suggesting single, early assessments of positive and negative communication behaviors may be only modestly predictive of later relationship functioning. Greater attention to other factors that interact with communication to predict couples' outcomes over time is needed.

The rise of internal activism: motivations of employees’ responses to organizational crisis

ABSTRACT Integrating relationship management theory and internal crisis communication literature, this study aimed to understand employees’ affective and behavioral responses toward their organization during an organizational crisis. Focusing on a crisis caused by allegations of gender discrimination practices in the workplace, the current study investigated how employees’ exchange–communal relationships lead to their negative affect, communication behaviors, and activism intentions. Results of an online survey with 401 full-time employees in the United States suggested that employees’ exchange relationship is positively associated with negative affective response, and communal relationship is positively associated with their active communication behaviors. Furthermore, negative affective response significantly increased employees’ active communication behaviors and activism intentions. Theoretical implications for public relations and internal crisis communication scholarship are provided.

Megaphoning effects of skepticism, cynicism, and situational motivation on an environmental CSR activity

The purpose of this study was to examine how individuals’ skepticism and cynicism about an environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity influence their positive and negative communication behaviors toward a corporation (megaphoning effects). The findings demonstrated the important mediating role of situational motivation in problem solving on a given environmental issue between skepticism/cynicism and megaphoning effects. Using a nationwide survey of 504 participants living in the United States, this study found that skepticism and cynicism increased the negative megaphoning effect and decreased positive megaphoning behaviors. Furthermore, skepticism/cynicism and megaphoning behaviors were partially mediated by situational motivation in problem solving. In particular, skeptics who were motivated to solve an environmental issue were less likely to take and forward negative information about a corporation in an environmental CSR activity. This study provides new theoretical and practical insights into CSR strategies that address skepticism and cynicism in publics and their resulting communicative behaviors.

Negative Partner Attributions Moderate the Association between Heart Rate Reactivity During Relationship Conflict and Relationship Satisfaction

Numerous theoretical models of relationship distress suggest that strong, negative reactions to conflict are directly associated with lower levels of relationship satisfaction. Consistent with this supposition, substantial evidence links higher levels of subjective negative emotion, more pronounced and frequent expressions of negative affect, and higher levels of negative communication behaviors to lower levels of relationship satisfaction (e.g., Bradbury, Fincham, & Beach, 2000, Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 964). However, the evidence linking stress-related physiological responding during relationship conflict and relationship satisfaction is less compelling than would be anticipated based on theory. We propose that these theoretically unexpected but empirically well-replicated findings may be the result of different patterns in association between physiological reactivity and relationship satisfaction for couples with varying styles in how they typically perceive unwanted behavior in one another. The present study tests negative attributions for undesirable partner behaviors as a moderator of the association between heart rate reactivity (HRR) during relationship conflict and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 60 married couples. A significant interaction emerged between HRR and negative attributions of partner behavior in predicting relationship satisfaction such that higher levels of HRR were associated with lower levels of relationship satisfaction for individuals who typically made more negative attributions for undesirable partner behaviors, but with higher levels of relationship satisfaction for individuals who typically made fewer negative attributions for undesirable partner behaviors. Implications for conceptualizing reactivity during relationship conflict and couple interventions are discussed.

De-motivating employees’ negative communication behaviors on anonymous social media: The role of public relations

This study focuses on employees’ negative communication behaviors on anonymous social media and explores the effects of organizational antecedents on reducing their motives. Specifically, the effects of organizations’ symmetrical communication and organization-employee relationship (OER) on individuals’ social media usage motives (e.g., vent negative feelings, warn others) and negative behavioral intentions are examined. Results of an online survey of full-time employees in the United States show that the effects of OER on employees’ negative communication behavior intentions are mediated by their social media motives. Symmetrical communication had a large positive effect on OER, which in turn decreased their motives to share negative contents on anonymous social media. Theoretical and practical implications for public relations and employee behaviors are discussed.

Communication behaviors and marital functioning among Iranian newlyweds: the effects of the prevention and relationship education program

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether relationship education and changes in communication behaviors predicted marital functioning of newlyweds. One hundred and thirty-five couples (N = 270 participants) were randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group. Sixty-six couples participated in the PREP workshop. Couples in the intervention group reported higher marital functioning, more positive and fewer negative communication behaviors at the posttest, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups compared with the couples in the control group. Moreover, one’s own and partner’s positive and negative communication predicated the marital functioning of the couples in the intervention group. An increase in negative communication of a husband/ a wife on a particular time point was significantly associated with lower marital functioning of his wife/ her husband at the next time points. The findings shed light on the possible beneficial effects of communication behaviors on the newlyweds’ marital functioning in Iran.

Marital Conflict in the Context of Novel Stress: Associations with Physiological Stress Functioning

ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to investigate associations of the positivity and negativity of couple communication behaviors during a novel stressor, representative of dyadic coping, with diurnal cortisol patterns, an indication of stress physiological functioning.BackgroundPrevious research suggests that less positive and more negative couple interactions about reoccurring relationship issues are stressful and, as a result, are associated with physiological stress dysregulation. Past research has also indicated that behaviors during novel, as opposed to reoccurring, stressors are uniquely predictive of couple outcomes because behaviors during novel stressors are indicative of patterns of dyadic coping. However, there is not yet evidence linking couple behaviors in response to novel stressors to physiological stress functioning.MethodsSixty‐one (N = 122 individuals) heterosexual couples completed a novel stress task, and recordings of their interactions were coded for negative and positive communication behaviors. Couples provided saliva samples at home for 2 days, which were assayed for diurnal cortisol concentrations.ResultsResults of linear regression and structural equation modeling analyses suggested that women's greater positive, in relation to negative, communication behavior during the novel stressor was associated with women's greater cortisol awakening levels and cortisol awakening responses. Men's greater positive behavior was associated with men's and women's greater cortisol awakening levels, that is, signs indicating healthy physiological functioning.ConclusionCouples' dyadic coping has implications for the functioning of stress systems.ImplicationsSpecifically, couples' communication quality during novel stressors may protect from physiological stress dysregulation; the manner in which couples treat each other when facing novel stress can get “under the skin.”

TAFSIR AL-MUKTHASHARAH NAJAMUDDIN AL-THUFI PADA PENYELESAIAN HATESPEECH

Hate speech or known as hatespeech has been known since the time of the Prophet Adam as and occurs in all the lives of all Prophets in the form of zur, slander, namimah, tajasus, ghibah, hasud, and so on. As a result of this form of negative communication the effects on the prophets and their people cannot be imagined. Hatespeech, which was launched by the infidels against Islam and Muslims or which led to the term 'Islamophobia', apparently also has existed since the time of the Prophet. In the early days of the preaching of the Prophet Muhammad, great hostility and attacks against Islam actually appeared in the midst of Arab society which incidentally was a compatriot of the Prophet himself namely in the Makkiyah period (610-622 AD) led by central figures of Quraish like Abu Jahal and Abu Lahab. This paper aims to analyze the case of hatespeech settlement using mau'dhui or thematic methods through the interpretation of Maslahah Najmuddin Al-Thufi as a product of the decline of Islam in particular, as well as Islamic law that demands reform efforts. The results of the study describe that the utterance of hatred in the ahkam at-Thuffi's interpretation method is considered to be devoid of problems, in contrast to mufasadat or harm. Because al-Thufi carries theories and concepts that are very fundamental in the dimension of human activity, in the context of this negative communication behavior namely the benefit of humans as the highest goal of Islamic shari'ah.

Crisis perceptions, relationship, and communicative behaviors of employees: Internal public segmentation approach

This study examines when and why employees engage in external communicative behaviors during the periods of a corporate crisis. Combining a cross-situational factor (i.e., pre-crisis relationship quality) and a situational factor (i.e., crisis-specific perceptions), this study segments internal publics to understand employees’ motivations of becoming advocates for or adversaries of their organization. The results of an online survey demonstrated that employees’ pre-crisis relationship to their organization plays a critical role in encouraging them to advocate for their company; meanwhile, their crisis-perception—whether they feel fewer constraints in solving a crisis—is more likely to make them share negative information externally. Segmented groups of employees with high levels of both relationship and activeness are most likely to engage in both positive and negative external communication behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications for public relations and internal crisis communication are suggested.

Understanding the impacts of issue types and employee–organization relationships on employees’ problem perceptions and communicative behaviors

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of different types of corporate issues and employee–organization relationships (EORs) on employees’ perceptions of the issues and on their communicative actions. Specifically, this study investigates how employees who have experienced an internal or an external issue within their organizations differently perceive the organizational issue and engage in positive and/or negative communicative behaviors.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted with 363 full-time employees in large-sized companies in the USA who have experienced any internal or external issues within the past six months.FindingsEmployees are more cognitively aware of and feel more involved and less constrained in solving an internal company issue than an external one. Experiencing internal issues has led employees to share negative information about their organization externally. The quality of EORs pre-issue significantly increases employees’ involvement and positive communication behavior and decreases constraint levels and negative communication behaviors regarding an issue.Practical implicationsCorporate communication and public relations practitioners should incorporate strategic internal communication strategies to preemptively manage internal issues and to avoid them from evolving into internal crises.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to distinguish internal and external issues perceived by internal stakeholders and to examine their impacts on employees’ issue-specific perceptions and communicative behaviors. This study also provides significant practical guidelines for corporate communication practitioners and leaders by explicating the strategic role of issue type and employee behaviors in issue management.

Does Gottman's Marital Communication Conceptualization Inform Teen Dating Violence? Communication Skill Deficits Analyzed Across Three Samples of Diverse Adolescents.

Communication skill deficits are thought to contribute to teen dating violence (TDV), parallel to the inclusion of these throughout prevention curricula. Communication research among adolescents is highly underdeveloped, although a preliminary study utilizing Gottman's marital communication conceptualization found that a majority of negative communication behaviors predictive of marital distress were also associated with relationship aggression among primarily White college students. Our aim was to replicate this study with diverse samples of adolescents (50.3% Latino, 23.5% Black; Mage = 16.06). Urban high school youth, pregnant and parenting youth in residential foster care, and youth in urban after-school programs self-reported on their use of maladaptive and adaptive communication behaviors, relationship quality (i.e., satisfaction, commitment), and emotional, physical, sexual, relational, and threatening dating violence. Across samples, maladaptive communication and particularly flooding (i.e., the tendency to become overwhelmed, leave the argument) and the four horsemen (i.e., a cascading and negative communication sequence) were associated with higher likelihood of multiple types of TDV. Relationship quality was associated with decreased likelihood for TDV among high school and after-school youth samples, but with increased likelihood among youth in foster care. Results indicate that youth utilize a wide range of both adaptive and maladaptive communication behaviors, and that similar maladaptive patterns predictive of relationship distress in young adulthood and in marriage are also associated with distress in adolescents' dating relationships. Equipping youth with adaptive communication skills as part of a comprehensive approach to reducing TDV and enhancing healthy relationships is meaningful for diverse adolescents. Further research is warranted concerning youth's perceptions of relationship quality and risk of TDV.

Communication Deficits Among Surgical Residents During Difficult Patient Family Conversations

To qualitatively analyze videotaped data of surgical residents and fellows interacting with standardized patients to identify communication weaknesses. To correlate our qualitative data with their quantitative scores. We used discourse analysis to identify negative communication patterns among 10 surgical residents and fellows who were tested on interpersonal competencies during an objective structured clinical examination in 2014. We then correlated our findings with the validated evaluation outcomes. Descriptive statistics were then used to quantify our findings. The setting was an objective structured clinical examination performed in 2014 using standardized patient surrogate family members. The participants were a mix of first and third year surgical residents and critical care fellows. The item that most strongly differentiated the bottom 5 from the top 5 performers was not answering the patient appropriately. This was exhibited in 3 ways among the lowest performers in our study: (1) paternalism, (2) vagueness, and (3) dehumanization. Our statistical analyses showed that the overall number of negative communication behaviors correlated with negative staff scores (r = -0.653, p < 0.05). Dehumanization and paternalism were the 2 behaviors most strongly correlated with negative staff scores (r = 0.796 and 0.781 respectively, p < 0.01). We found the lowest performers responded inappropriately to the patient, which we further delineated into vagueness, paternalism, and dehumanization. We propose positive communication strategies be taught to residents to improve how they are perceived by patients.

Trauma Symptoms, Communication, and Relationship Satisfaction in Military Couples.

Trauma symptoms are negatively correlated with couple relationship satisfaction, which is of particular importance in the relationships of military personnel who are often exposed to trauma whilst on overseas deployment. This study tested a model in which communication mediated an association between trauma symptoms and low relationship satisfaction. Thirty-one Australian military couples were observationally assessed during a communication task, and assessed on their relationship satisfaction and individual functioning. As expected, trauma symptoms in the male military spouse were associated with low satisfaction in both spouses. Females' low positive communication fully mediated the relationship between males' trauma symptoms and low female satisfaction, but not male relationship satisfaction. Unexpectedly, males' negative communication behaviors were associated with high male relationship satisfaction, and partially mediated the association between trauma symptoms and male satisfaction. Discussion focused on how some communication usually thought of as negative might be associated with relationship satisfaction in military couples.

Dyadic Dynamics in Young Couples Reporting Dating Violence: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model.

This study uses a combination of observational methods and dyadic data analysis to understand how boyfriends' and girlfriends' perpetration of dating violence (DV) may shape their own and their partners' problem-solving communication behaviors. A sample of 39 young heterosexual couples aged between 15 and 20 years (mean age = 17.8 years) completed a set of questionnaires and were observed during a 45-min dyadic interaction, which was coded using the Interactional Dimension Coding System (IDCS). Results suggest that neither boyfriends' nor girlfriends' own perpetration of DV was related to their display of positive and negative communication behaviors. However, estimates revealed significant partner effects, suggesting that negative communication behaviors displayed by girls and boys and positive communication behavior displayed by girls were associated to their partner's DV but not to their own. Such results confirm the need to shift our focus from an individual perspective to examining dyadic influences and processes involved in the couple system and the bidirectionality of violent relationships.

Effects of managerial communication as moderated by LMX and trait NA

Purpose – Using the concept of disconfirming communication to define interpersonal mistreatment, the purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of specific negative managerial communication behaviors on employee emotions, while taking into account both leader-member exchange (LMX) and employee trait negative affect (NA). Design/methodology/approach – In all, 275 working adults completed surveys about their managers’ confirming and disconfirming communication and their own emotional responses to these communications. Findings – The positive relationship between disconfirming managerial communication and employee negative felt emotion was reduced when LMX was high and was increased for employees with high trait NA personalities. Research limitations/implications – While the cross-sectional design exposes the study to potential common method bias, a priori and post hoc procedures minimized this risk, confirming it has a negligible impact on the results. Practical implications – Study insights and the new instrument, the confirming/disconfirming managerial communication indicator can be used to train managers to be better communicators, thereby improving organizational effectiveness. Social implications – Drawing attention to the nature and emotional impact of disconfirming managerial communication may reduce its occurrence and lead to improved employee mental health with resultant positive effects for society. Originality/value – Unlike previous studies of interpersonal mistreatment and managerial communication, the authors focus explicitly on the effect on employee emotion and explore confirming and disconfirming communication, and the moderating roles of LMX and trait NA.

An Exploratory Study on the Antecedents and Consequences of Trust and Distrust: Crisis type, Anger, and Negative Communication Behavior

An Exploratory Study on the Antecedents and Consequences of Trust and Distrust: Crisis type, Anger, and Negative Communication Behavior