Negative Commands Research Articles

The Effective Commands Used by the Teacher in English Teaching at SMP Lab Undiksha

This study aimed at identify the types of disruptive behavior, identify the types of commands given by an English teacher, and analyze how the effective commands are given to students with disruptive behavior at SMP Lab UndikshaSingaraja. This study was a case study research. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through filling observation sheet, distributing questionnaire, and conducting interview then analyzed by the researcher so that the researcher was able to draw and integrate ideas to create the conclusion. The result of this study revealed that students’ disruptive behavior that appeared during the teaching and learning process could be categorized as The Immature, The Well to Do, The Mountain Climber and The Game Player, furthermore. In overcoming those disruptive behaviors the teacher used several types of commands such as Others Commands, Don’t Commands, Regular Commands, Question Commands, Indirect Commands, Interrogations Commands, Stop Command, and Negative Commands. From those commands, thirteen times commands that appeared were categorized effective.

Semantic Disparity between Amr (Command) and Nahy (Negative Command) in the Noble Quran: An Interpretive:Contextual Study

Semantic Disparity between Amr (Command) and Nahy (Negative Command) in the Noble Quran: An Interpretive:Contextual Study

인성교육 이해방식과 방법론에 관한 일고찰

Character education begins with a clear definition of character. There are claims that humanity is reducible to human nature or personality, but when approached from an educational perspective, human nature soon boils down to the question of its ultimate goodness or wickedness. There is a significant difference between the educational systems that emerge from the standpoint that human nature is evil versus the standpoint that human nature is good. With regards to educational outcomes, this can be observed both in terms of human nature and personality. Modern education today sees education as leading the immature to a mature state from the standpoint that human nature is evil. But if human nature is evil, how could we implement an education that would render it good? If character education becomes a system of etiquette education or one of instilling manners whereby simple wrong cases are righted, it would be nothing but a follow-up to the wrong educational cases that had been carried out previously. In that sense, character education is correction; not education. Education should be done in a way that realizes and understands the perfect self rather than unfolding as a process of constantly correcting and reinforcing immature human beings. In that sense, this paper posits that enabling students to understand their own emotions would serve as a correct form of character education. This would be a system of focusing on emotions that reveal the goodness of human nature. Personality can be educated, but education at this time should be a way to bring out a student’s already good and even perfected nature. This is more realistic than replacing a ‘faulty’ character with a good character which supposedly did not exist previously. If personality education morphs into ‘emotional self-understanding,’ contemplations on ‘why not to do’ unsavory acts rather than mere negative commands ‘don’t do that,’ and listening to what one’s emotions intuit prior to and after given actions, then that would arise to the true standard of a good education.

Maimonides’s Rationalization of the Incest Taboo, Its Reception in Thirteenth-Century Kabbalah, and Their Affinity to Aquinas

AbstractThis article discusses Maimonides’s rationale for the incest taboo and traces its reception in Christian and kabbalistic traditions in the thirteenth century. Tracing the reception of Maimonides’s view enables recognition of the resemblance between Maimonides and Aquinas, the ambivalent stance toward Maimonides’s explanation expressed by Nahmanides, and the incorporation of Maimonides’s reasoning in one of the most systematic and enigmatic works of kabbalistic rationalization of the commandments, the Castilian Kabbalist Joseph of Hamadan’s The Book of the Rationales of the Negative Commandments. R. Joseph’s acceptance of Maimonidean principles and his integration of them in the theurgic Kabbalah reveal a conflict in the heart of its system and teach us about an important aspect of the theory of sexuality in Kabbalah. The inquiry offered here examines the inter-relations between divergent medieval religious trends in constructing the role of sexuality. Instead of the common presentation of Kabbalah as diverging from the ascetic positions of Jewish philosophy and Christianity, this analysis will elucidate Kabbalah’s continuity with them.

Kalimat Imperatif dalam Iklan Layanan Masyarakat Berbahasa Arab Terkait Covid-19 di SBS Australia

Social networking media became the main media to spread public service announcements related to Covid-19 during a pandemic to prevent the spread of this outbreak. This study focuses on imperative sentences on public service Arabic announcements related to Covid-19 issued by SBS Australia. The purpose of this study is to describe the structure of imperative sentence forms in these advertisements syntactically and to group them into imperative sentence types according to Alwi (2010). This research is included in the research type of descriptive analysis research. The data analysis method used in this study is a method of distribution with the basic technique for direct elements (BUL) which is used to describe and analyze data from data sources. This study found as many as; 5 data are categorized as imperative commands or ordinary orders, 1 data are categorized as imperative subtle commands, 2 data are categorized as imperatives and invitations, 2 data are categorized as imperative prohibitions or negative commands. In addition, the imperative sentence in this ad is preceded by the structure of the predicate-object-complement-description sentence.

‘After Auschwitz’: Writing history after injustice in Adorno and Lyotard

Political philosophy in the last decades has turned away from universal narratives of progress, on grounds that these narratives produce exclusion and justify domination. However, the universal values that underlie emancipatory political projects seem to presuppose universal history, which explains its persistence in some contemporary political philosophers committed to such projects. In order to find a response to the paradox according to which universal history is inherently exclusionary and yet necessary to uphold universal values, I examine the contrast between Adorno’s and Lyotard’s perspectives on the problem of writing history ‘after Auschwitz’. For both philosophers, Auschwitz interrupts our fundamental normative and cognitive values, because any attempt to identify the meaning of the camps by means of these values misunderstands the suffering that took place in them. Yet this interruption produces a feeling that calls for the institution of new universal normative values. For Adorno, this value is a purely negative command to act in such a way that Auschwitz does not repeat itself. For Lyotard, by contrast, it is the demand to invent new idioms that make it possible to find meaning in Auschwitz.

Effective Commands to Overcome Students with Disruptive Behavior in the Classroom

This study was conducted which aimed at investigating effective commands used by teachers in TK Aura Sukma Insani to overcome disruptive behaviors by identifying: 1) the types of disruptive behavior done by students, 2) the types of command used by the teachers, and 3) the commands which are effective based on students’ responses. Teachers and students from A2, A1, and toddler class were the subject of the study while disruptive behaviors done by the students and commands used by the teacher were the object of the study. All the data were gathered through observation, questionnaire, and interview. The result revealed that there were 145 disruptive behaviors found and seven type of commands used by the teachers including question command, regular command, indirect command, don’t command, stop command, negative command and other command. Moreover, most of the commands given were effective based on the effects on students’ behavior. From the result, it could be concluded that regular command and other command were the most effective types of command used by teachers to overcome disruptive behaviors because the commands related were clear, understandable, and simple. Therefore, the student were easy to understand what the teachers intended.

New Approach to Prohibitive Constructions in the R̥gveda and the Atharvaveda


 
 
 Negative commands in Vedic have traditionally been divided into two classes: those built with the Aorist stem and those built with the Present stem. The former is said to be “preventive,” used to ward off some dreaded future eventuality, while the latter is said to be “inhibitive,” used to halt some currently ongoing action. I challenge this division on two grounds: one functional and one formal. Re-examining all prohibitions of the two oldest Sanskrit texts, the R̥gveda and the Atharvaveda, I find that there is no correlation between “inhibitive” interpretation and use of the Present stem in Vedic. Having established that the traditional division is incorrect, I then propose a new, formal explanation for the attested distribution of stem types.
 
 

The Translation of English Notice into Indonesian Language

This study is discussing about the types of English imperative used in notices, the way of constructing English imperative and Indonesian imperative, and the reason of translation procedure are being applied. A Qualitative method is applied to answer the research problems. Data of the research were taken from some notices as the SL that found around Cahaya Madani Banten Boarding School along with their translation into Indonesian text (TL) used as the data source. The result shows that there are three types of imperative sentence of English imperative sentence in notices found in SMAN CMBBS translated from English into Indonesian: negative command, request, and positive command. Seeing from the process of imperative constructions of the SL, it can obviously be stated that it is formed by syntactical process, whereas in TL it is formed by morphological process that is by attaching the marker. The result also shows that there are four types of translation procedure used in this study. All of them are oriented towards the target language. Those procedures are: borrowing, modulation, transposition, and literal translation.

Negative Discourse Analysis and utopias of the political

Abstract This paper puts forward an argument about the relation between utopian thought and political discourse. It demonstrates how utopias frame normative discourse in general and political discourse in particular. The argument is informed by Kenneth Burke’s theory of the negative command and its place at the basis of all human language. I argue that utopias are necessarily based in the hortatory negative and are, in literary terms, like religious texts in general being ‘words about words’ designed to coordinate “the tribe”. Burke calls such texts ‘logological’. The argument I put forward here points to a rapidly crumbling utopia that has beset much of the world and all of the West since at least the Reagan-Thatcher era in which a new corporatist political economy was given global impetus.

Understanding Emotion Socialization Through Naturalistic Observations of Parent–Child Interactions

ObjectiveTo describe children's emotion expressions, parent behavioral responses to their negative emotions, and children's subsequent emotional reactions.BackgroundPast research typically has used questionnaires and structured laboratory studies to understand these constructs. The present study, by contrast, was designed to investigate how these behaviors unfold during families' everyday lives.MethodThirty‐one families were recorded going about their daily lives as part of a larger study of the everyday lives of families; footage of a parent and target child (8–12 years of age) together on screen was divided into 30‐second clips (N = 15,071). Children's expressions of positive and negative emotion were identified, and parent emotion coaching responses (those theorized to encourage emotion expression) and emotion dismissing responses (behaviors postulated to discourage emotion expression) to children's negative affective displays were coded.ResultsMultilevel modeling results indicated that children were more likely to react with negative emotion following parents' critical statements and negative commands. However, parent ignoring increased the likelihood of positive or neutral emotional reactions.ConclusionAlthough sometimes classified as a dismissing response, parent ignoring may facilitate opportunities to practice emotion regulation.ImplicationsThese naturalistic observations can help to inform parent training programs about differential responses to children's expressions of negative affect.

Improvements in Negative Parenting Mediate Changes in Children's Autonomic Responding Following a Preschool Intervention for ADHD.

Abnormal patterns of sympathetic- and parasympathetic- linked cardiac activity and reactivity are observed among externalizing children, and mark deficiencies in central nervous system regulation of behavior and emotion. Although changes in these biomarkers have been observed following treatment, mechanisms remain unexplored. We used MEMORE-a new approach to analyzing intervening variable effects-to evaluate improvements in parenting as mediators of changes in SNS- and PNS-linked cardiac activity and reactivity among 99 preschoolers with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder who were treated using an empirically supported intervention. Decreases in negative parenting (criticism, negative commands, physical intrusions) were associated with increases in resting RSA and PEP reactivity to incentives from pre- to post-intervention. Increases in positive parenting were not associated with changes in autonomic function. These findings suggest socially-induced plasticity in peripheral biomarkers of behavior and emotion regulation, and underscore the importance of reducing aversive interactions between parents and children when treating externalizing behavior.

The Humanization of Economic Life: The Legacy of Martin Buber

In this article, I explore how our economic life can be reconciled with Martin Buber’s norm of dialogical life or communion. Known for his lifelong advocacy of dialogue between persons and between nations, Buber has tirelessly emphasized the necessity of restoring immediacy between fellow beings. Every human being is called to communion with his and her fellow beings. Such fellowship is the precondition for a truly human life. Given the technological and bureaucratic organization of our political and economic lives, this fundamental need is not being fulfilled. Instead of communion, it is the will to dominate and objectify that is fostered and normalized. The transcendence of this inhuman condition is what is entailed by the transition to the I-Thou relation. I here explain what it means to approach someone as a Thou, Buber’s reconceptualization of love, and the relationship between unified souls and a wholesome economy.

ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PENANDA IMPERATIF DALAM BAHASA JAWA DAN BAHASA INDONESIA

This research describes and explains the similarities and differences of imperative signs in Javanese and Bahasa Indonesia. This is a descriptive qualitative research with content analysis. This research compares the imperative signs of Javanese and Bahasa Indonesia in morphological aspects of lexical and syntax. The result of this research shows that both lexical categories were signed by the use of affirmative and negative commands. In morphological category, imperative sentences both Javanese and Bahasa Indonesia were signed by affixes. Meanwhile, in syntax category, the imperative sentences were signed by phrases. Keywords : constranstive, imperative, Javanese, Bahasa indonesia

A Study on the Indirect Utterance Act of the Negative Command Sentence, in Korean and Japanese.

A Study on the Indirect Utterance Act of the Negative Command Sentence, in Korean and Japanese.

Speech Function in Raditya’s Utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show

The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the system network of speech functions dominantly used in Raditya Dika’s utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show, (2) to investigate speech function realized in moods in Raditya Dika’s utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show, and (3) to elaborate the reason the system network of speech function dominantly used. The research applies qualitative descriptive design. The source of data is Raditya Dika in Stand Up Comedy Show program on Metro TV. The research findings show that the system network of speech functions in Raditya Dika’s utterances are statement which was information was the most system network of statement and then followed by furry, disappointment, reason, blame , clarification, support, probability, hope, call, greeting. The next system network of speech functions dominantly used was question which was Wh-question and then followed by yes/no question. And the last was command. The dominant speech function of command was positive command and then followed by negative command. Statement, question, command, and where statement which realized in tagged declarative mood occurs most dominantly and then question realized by interrogative mood and command realized by imperative mood. The reasons are that every sentence has realized in the speech function and also speech function in semantics has realized in mood system in lexicogrammar. Keywords: interpersonal speech function, system network

Epistemicity in voseo and tuteo negative commands in Argentinian Spanish

The present study explores epistemic meaning in the alternation between two negative commands in Argentinian Spanish (AS). A perception experiment was done with 112 native speaker participants. All participants were presented with 28 brief contexts followed by an utterance that included either a voseo negative command, a tuteo negative command, a polar question or a declarative. Participants were tasked with using a 5-point Likert scale to make judgments about how certain the speaker was that the addressee would have performed the action in the utterance. Both pragmatic and social factors were considered in the analysis of the data. Results indicate that native speakers of AS identify the voseo form as conveying significantly more epistemic certainty than the tuteo form (p<.001). No social factors influenced the perception of certainty, providing insight to social differences previously found in production studies (Johnson and Grinstead, 2011; Johnson, in press). The study supports prior research demonstrating that commands express propositional content. It also reveals strong evidence that epistemic bias toward one state of affairs governs the morphological variation between two negative command forms in AS.

How are the motor system activity and functional connectivity between the cognitive and sensorimotor systems modulated by athletic expertise?

Expertise offers a unique insight into how our brain functions. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if motor system activity and functional connectivity between the cognitive system and sensorimotor system is differentially modulated by an individual's level of expertise. This goal was achieved through the acquisition of functional neuroimaging data in 10 expert volleyball players and 10 novice individuals who were presented with a series of sentences describing possible technical volleyball-specific motor acts and acts that cannot be performed as positive (“Do …!”) or negative (“Don't …”) commands, while they were silently reading them and deciding whether the actions were technically feasible or not. Compared with novices, experts' activity in the left primary motor cortex hand area (M1) and in the left premotor cortex (Pm) was decreased by impossible actions presented as positive commands. Sensorimotor activation in response to action-related stimuli is not that automatic as held since we found that these areas were deactivated during the task, and their functional connectivity to the primary visual cortex was strengthened for possible actions presented as positive commands, reflecting the neural processes underlying the interaction between motor and visual imagery. These results suggest that the neural activity within the key areas implicitly triggered by motor simulation is a function of the expertise, action feasibility, and context.

Deming's systems thinking and quality of healthcare services: a case study

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the large negative impact command and control thinking has had on the Alberta provincial healthcare system. The assumptions of this thinking and devastating consequences for health services delivery in Alberta and across Canada, are contrasted with Deming's system thinking.Design/methodology/approachThe author has been following and writing about the use of the command and control management model in Alberta healthcare for 20 years, treating its expanding use in the system as an experiment in the effectiveness of this model in improving system performance.FindingsThe assumptions of command and control thinking combined with a limited enumerative, as opposed to analytic understanding of the system, has largely manufactured the present crisis. Equally important, systemic issues continue to worsen the system until the command and control model will get replaced.Originality/valueThere is a comparison of two distinct models of management, management style, and the linking of Deming's enumerative and analytic studies to these models. An analysis of healthcare system evolution over two decades is detailed on how the command and control model of professional management has failed and why.

Don’t pay attention to what you see! Negative commands and attention bias

Abstract The paper presents research into the effects of the use of negations in directives (orders, suggestions, requests). Three experiments are described that tested the effects of instructions formulated in various ways: direct (pay attention to) and negated (don’t pay attention to) commands to focus the attention. Indicators of attention focusing that were used include: the correctness of answers to questions about a selection of comic book pages (Experiment 1); the time needed to name the colours of stimulus words and the level of recall of these words after completion of the colour naming task (Experiment 2 and 3). The results showed that a direct command influenced all indicators of attention focusing. However, a negated command increased the level of recall of details about the comic book pages, as well as the level of key word recall. Both the automatic process that generates the paradoxical effects of negated commands, as well as the controlled process of reasoning, may be responsible for the results of the memory task.