Negative Content Research Articles

Can You Tolerate Influencer Marketing? An Empirical Investigation of Live Streaming Viewership Reduction related to Influencer Marketing

Live streaming viewership has grown rapidly in recent years, driven by its unique features of bidirectional, real-time interaction and personalized content. These qualities have positioned live streaming as a major venue for influencer marketing, where brands collaborate with influencers to promote products to engaged viewers. However, this study suggests that influencer marketing within live streaming may lead to a decline in viewership as viewers experience resistance toward sponsored content. Building on the persuasion knowledge model, we analyze this phenomenon using streaming data from Twitch.tv and apply propensity score matching (PSM) to assess viewership trends. Our findings reveal a significant decline in viewership associated with influencer marketing. We also identify strategies that streamers can employ to mitigate this negative impact. First, moderate levels of real-time interaction between streamers and viewers help alleviate viewership reduction. Second, streamers who diversify their content topics experience less viewership declines. Lastly, minimizing negative content reduces the adverse effect on viewership. These findings contribute to the literature on influencer marketing and live streaming, offering practical insights for firms and streamers aiming to enhance audience engagement.

College students’ psychology and behavior in the context of online public opinion: a cross-sectional study in Jiangsu Province, China

BackgroundWith the rapid development of the Internet and the widespread use of social media, online public opinion has profoundly impacted the psychology and behavior of college students. College students are in a crucial stage of psychological development and self-awareness, making them highly sensitive to online information and easily influenced by online public opinion.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design to explore the psychological adaptation and behavioral responses of college students to online public opinion. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 2,294 college students across four universities in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, using an online questionnaire administered via Questionnaire Star. The study utilized three well-established scales: the Belief in a Just World (BJW) Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Internet Altruistic Behavior (IAB) Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0, encompassing descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Any responses with missing or inconsistent data were excluded from the analysis, ensuring a final effective response rate of 95.7%.ResultsAmong the 2,294 participants, 60.1% were female, 56.8% were from rural areas, and 57.4% were non-only children. Univariate analysis showed significant relationships between BJW scores and gender, family economic status, parents’ attitudes, relationships with classmates, and emotional responses to negative online content (p < 0.001). CD-RISC scores were significantly related to only child status, family economic status, parents’ attitudes, relationships with classmates, and emotional responses to negative online content (p < 0.05). IAB scores were significantly related to gender, grade level, family economic status, parents’ attitudes, relationships with classmates, and emotional responses to negative online content (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations among BJW, CD-RISC, and IAB. Multiple regression analysis identified key predictors for each scale, including gender, parents’ attitudes, relationships with classmates, emotional responses to negative online content, and various other factors (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn the context of online public opinion, targeted interventions by families and schools are needed to regulate the psychological and behavioral states of college students, promoting good mental health and positive behavior in the complex online environment.

Emotional Risk Factors, Rumination, and Self-Criticism in Relation to Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Depressive Outpatients.

Previous studies indicated that individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at high risk of suicide, making the identification of risk factors in suicidal depressive outpatients essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to (1) identify emotional risk factors and (2) examine the relationship between cognitive markers-including rumination and self-criticism-and suicidal ideation among depressive outpatients. A total of 165 Chinese clinical outpatients with depression were recruited from local hospitals in Hong Kong. In our sample, 68% of patients with moderate depression and 87.5% of patients with severe depression reported experiencing suicidal thoughts. The results from the logistic regression revealed a significant interaction between rumination and self-critical thoughts in relation to suicidal ideation. Specifically, the ruminative patients with self-critical thoughts were more likely to have suicidal thoughts than those without self-critical thoughts. These findings align with the cognitive model of suicide, suggesting that maladaptive information processing and negative cognitive content are associated with an increased risk of suicide. The current findings have clinical implications for the future development of more specific and accurate mental health assessment, preventive programs, and psychotherapies for depressive outpatients.

Remembering the blues: negative emotion during encoding improve memory recall in major depressive Disorder

ABSTRACT Substantial research indicates that individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) remember more negative information compared to neutral and positive information. This phenomenon is commonly attributed to attentional biases toward negative over neutral and positive information. A recent attentional resources model suggests that in MDD, negative cues not only capture attention, but also lead to deeper processing of subsequent information, irrespective of its content. This study aimed to replicate findings supporting this attentional resources model and go beyond it by investigating the effect of negative cues on encoding and retrieval processes. Forty-one participants with MDD and no comorbid diagnoses, and 42 healthy-controls completed the emotional recall task with negative or positive videos presented during encoding and retrieval stages of a neutral word-list memory test. During encoding, only the MDD group exhibited a difference between negative and positive videos, such that for negative videos memory recall was improved and for positive words it was reduced. Emotional videos had no effect when presented during retrieval. These results suggest that in MDD, encountering emotional cues not only biases retrieval processes toward recalling more negative content, but rather fundamentally alters the depth of information processing, while not leading to a broad-spectrum recruitment of cognitive resources.

The power of human-like virtual-influencer-generated content: Impact on consumers’ willingness to follow and purchase intentions

The swift progress in machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, and interactive immersive media technologies has led to the introduction of computer-generated imagery on Instagram. This feature, so-called “human-like virtual influencers (VIs)", has revolutionized the way people interact with technology. Using a combination of cutting-edge AI technologies, in a novel application of computer vision algorithms, and large language models to extract the content posted by two popular human-like VIs on Instagram, the present study is the first to categorize and classify types of human-like virtual-influencer-generated content. Quantitative methods, such as partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), were used to examine the impact of human-like virtual-influencer-generated content on consumers' willingness to follow as well as purchase intentions. The information was gathered from 650 Thai customers. The findings showed that consumers' willingness to follow and purchase intentions were significantly influenced by the positive effects of emotional appeal content, which includes relational, entertaining, positive emotion, and negative emotion content. These effects outweighed those of rational appeal content, such as informative and remunerative content, as well as authenticity appeal content. Meanwhile, disclosing sponsored content had no effect on consumers' willingness to follow. The theoretical underpinnings of uses and gratifications (U&G) theory, parasocial relationships and Richins' hierarchical model of emotions are confirmed and expanded upon in this work, and the suggested inclusive approach also significantly advances the expanding corpus of research on VIs. Our research also provides a contribution to the recent literature on human-like VI marketing.

Optimalisasi Metode Response Policy Zone (RPZ) Internet Sehat pada Jaringan FTTH Prabumulih

Abstract. One example of advanced information and communication technology is the internet. One can readily obtain the knowledge they require thanks to the internet. As a result, the internet is a crucial tool that needs to be used and understood to the fullest. The internet may be used for both beneficial and harmful purposes, which is why it is a double-edged sword with all of its risks. By filtering negative content using a list of 773 thousand negative content blocked on the trust + ™ Positive website by the Ministry of Communication and Information, the author hopes to create a positive internet network in the Prabumulih community and enable effective and efficient use of internet resources. The author can create a favorable online environment in Prabumulih City by utilizing the action research approach and the policy zone response method.

"We're not all construction workers": Algorithmic Compression of Latinidad on TikTok

The Latinx diaspora in the United States is a rapidly growing and complex demographic who face intersectional harms and marginalizations in sociotechnical systems and are currently underserved in CSCW research. While the field understands that algorithms and digital content are experienced differently by marginalized populations, more investigation is needed about how Latinx people experience social media and, in particular, visual media. In this paper, we focus on how Latinx people experience the algorithmic system of the video-sharing platform TikTok. Through a bilingual interview and visual elicitation study of 19 Latinx TikTok users and 59 survey participants, we explore how Latinx individuals experience TikTok and its Latinx content. We find Latinx TikTok users actively use platform affordances to create positive and affirming identity content feeds, but these feeds are interrupted by negative content (i.e. violence, stereotypes, linguistic assumptions) due to platform affordances that have unique consequences for Latinx diaspora users. We discuss these implications on Latinx identity and representation, introduce the concept of algorithmic identity compression, where sociotechncial systems simplify, flatten, and conflate intersection identities, resulting in compression via the loss of critical cultural data deemed unnecessary by these systems and designers of them. This study explores how Latinx individuals are particularly vulnerable to this in sociotechnical systems, such as, but not limited to, TikTok.

News source bias and sentiment on social media.

As social media becomes a key channel for news consumption and sharing, proliferating partisan and mainstream news sources must increasingly compete for users' attention. While affective qualities of news content may promote engagement, it is not clear whether news source bias influences affective content production or virality, or whether any differences have changed over time. We analyzed the sentiment of ~30 million posts (on twitter.com) from 182 U.S. news sources that ranged from extreme left to right bias over the course of a decade (2011-2020). Biased news sources (on both left and right) produced more high arousal negative affective content than balanced sources. High arousal negative content also increased reposting for biased versus balanced sources. The combination of increased prevalence and virality for high arousal negative affective content was not evident for other types of affective content. Over a decade, the virality of high arousal negative affective content also increased, particularly in balanced news sources, and in posts about politics. Together, these findings reveal that high arousal negative affective content may promote the spread of news from biased sources, and conversely imply that sentiment analysis tools might help social media users to counteract these trends.

Neurofeedback Reduces P300 Amplitudes to Intensely Emotive Pictures in Depressed Cancer Patients.

Objective. Electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG NF) or its effects on event-related potentials (ERPs) in quantitative EEG have not yet been systematically studied in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the emotional arousal and valence effects on the event-related P300 in a visual oddball paradigm by an individualized EEG alpha and theta/beta NF intervention in cancer patients and survivors (N = 18, age between 31 and 73 years). Methods. ERPs to low and high arousal target stimuli with either emotional positive or negative content and depressive state were obtained in cancer patients before and after a five-week NF intervention in a waitlist paradigm, following the consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioral NF studies (CRED-nf checklist). Results. Overall, P300 amplitudes decreased significantly (p < .05) from pre to post therapy. Effects concerning high arousal stimuli with negative and positive valences were on the border to significance. Moreover, patients achieved significant relief of depressive symptoms (p < .05). Especially younger participants (<55 yrs.) benefited. Conclusions. P300 observations could reflect a therapeutic effect on brain activity level. EEG NF alleviates depressive symptoms in cancer patients. Significance. Based on these findings, further studies are needed to investigate the effects on event-related potentials by NF therapy.

Психолого-педагогическая помощь детям, находящимся в условиях деструктивной социальной среды

The article examines the problems of a destructive social environment, which includes not only explicit forms of violence, but also more subtle ones, such as neglect. These are no less destructive factors: emotional alienation, information saturation with negative content, lack of stable teaching and educational models. In this context, the justification of the need to protect children from a psychological and pedagogical point of view becomes especially relevant. The main problem is to find effective methods and approaches to ensuring psychological and pedagogical protection of children in a destructive social environment. Key issues that need to be addressed within the framework of this problem: 1. Which theoretical models most adequately describe the mechanisms of the destructive environment's impact on the child's psyche? 2. What diagnostic tools can effectively identify children in need of psychological and pedagogical protection? 3. What forms of psychological and pedagogical assistance are most effective for different age groups and types of problems? 4. How to organize a system of training specialists capable of providing qualified assistance to children in a destructive environment? The results of the study allowed us to formulate conclusions. A destructive social environment should be considered as a multifactorial phenomenon, including not only social, but also psychological, economic and cultural factors. A literature review has shown that most approaches to helping children in a destructive social environment focus on creating a supportive and structured environment, as well as on developing self-regulation skills in children. Our results indicate that a successful intervention should include an integrated approach combining emotional support with cognitive development and social skills, including the implementation of programs aimed at developing emotional intelligence and social skills, and programs to improve children's adaptive abilities have proved effective. The results of the study indicate the need for individualization of approaches depending on the specifics of the problems faced by the child. The data confirm that children with different levels of social disadvantage require different types of support.

Negative auditory hallucinations are associated with increased activation of the defensive motivational system in schizophrenia

Auditory hallucinations (AH) are the most common symptom of psychosis. The voices people hear make comments that are benign or even encouraging, but most often voices are threatening and derogatory. Negative AH are often highly distressing and contribute to suicide risk and violent behavior. Biological mechanisms underlying the valence of voices (i.e., positive, negative, neutral) are not well delineated. In the current study, we examined whether AH voice valence was associated with increased activation of the Defensive Motivational System, as indexed by central and autonomic system response to unpleasant stimuli. Data were evaluated from two studies that used a common symptom rating instrument, the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSY-RATS), to measure AH valence. Participants included outpatients diagnosed with SZ. Tasks included: Study 1: Trier Social Stress Task while heart rate was recorded via electrocardiography (N = 27); Study 2: Passive Viewing Task while participants were exposed to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) library while eye movements, pupil dilation, and electroencephalography were recorded (N = 25). Results indicated that negative voice content was significantly associated with: 1) increased heart rate during an acute social stressor, 2) increased pupil dilation to unpleasant images, 3) higher neural reactivity to unpleasant images, and 4) a greater likelihood of having bottom-up attention drawn to unpleasant stimuli. Findings suggest that negative AH are associated with greater Defensive Motivational System activation in terms of central and autonomic nervous system response.

Enhancing User Experience on Social Media Platforms: A Flow Theory-Based Approach

In recent years, social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter have seen rapid growth and are favored by users of all ages. However, in the age of information overload, the quality of interactions on social media platforms varies significantly, leading to negative feelings among users and affecting their overall experience and loyalty. This study takes the Flow theory as its starting point and investigates the needs of social media users at various stages of the flow experience. We propose modifications to the flow theory model with the aim of enhancing user experience and satisfaction. Firstly, based on literature review, we identify micro-level issues of the product, propose hypotheses, and construct validation experiments in the context of social media. The experiment collects Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV) data of 31 participants using a multi-channel physiological instrument and collects their emotional experience data using the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) scale. Results indicate that a combined textual-graphical interface layout is superior to other layouts in positively inducing flow and emotional experiences. Positive content tonality is more effective at eliciting positive flow and emotional experiences than negative or neutral content. Video presentations have a stronger sense of immersion and emotional expression, making them more conducive to inducing flow experiences and positive emotional feedback. This study, grounded in user psychology, provides a theoretical framework based on flow and emotional experiences for social media product design, quantitatively examining the positive psychological activities of users when using social media.

Peran Pendidikan Nilai dalam PKn untuk Membentuk Karakter Siswa di Era Digital

The main problem that is a challenge in character formation through civic education is the increasing development of the digital era which changes the mindset and character of students. Therefore, value education in civics is needed to shape the character of elementary school students in the current digital era. This study uses a literature study method by searching for sources such as scientific articles, journals, and documents related to research problems. The data used are secondary data obtained from relevant books, articles, and journals. Data collection techniques include literature studies, listening techniques, and note-taking techniques. Through literature studies and empirical data analysis from several studies, it was found that the role of value education in civics has an important role in building the moral character of students in the digital era. Not only is it able to form good student character, but it also prepares students to face various challenges that arise due to negative content such as cyberbullying, hoaxes, gadget addiction, pornographic sites, and other unethical behavior. In the midst of rapid technological developments, civics aims not only to make students academically intelligent, but also to form a strong, creative, critical, and active moral character. Civic Education provides students with the skills to develop attitudes of tolerance, peace, harmony, and respect for diversity. Value education in Civic Education (PKn) plays a very important role in shaping students' character, especially in the challenging digital era. Digital technology provides broad access to information, but also has negative impacts. Therefore, a structured and innovative approach is needed in learning PKn, which not only educates students about the values ??of Pancasila, but also helps them develop digital literacy and online ethics. The role of families, teachers, and the community is also very crucial in supporting students' character education.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND MENTAL HEALTH

Introduction – For many young people dealing with mental illness, social media has bas become an important part of their life to dealing with mental illness. Social media is a wide term that refers to mobile platforms and the web that allow people to communicate with one another in a network. Instagram Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, etc are some of the most popular social media platforms among young people. Methods – This paper results from literature that talks about social media and mental health. Results – Social media have a lot of positive content and negative content. Many young people appear to use social media to share their personal experiences, look for information about mental health, and give and get support from others who have similar or same mental health challenges experiences. Discuss – The positive impact of social media will affect young people’s promotion of mental health and awareness about mental health. The positive impact of social media has a benefit where they can find social support about mental health. Social media also can make young people or individuals receive negative peer feedback in social media may have negative consequences for psychological development and well-being. Conclusion – Besides the many positive impacts in social media uses, social media has a lot of negative impacts with the consequences. Negative content such as online harassment, sexting, and cyberbullying will hurt mental health which will cause young people stress, anxiety, and depression. Keywords: social media, mental health, young.

Self-Expression and Mental Wellbeing of Malaysian Youths on Social Media

In today's fast-changing technological era, the new generation of youths, namely Gen Z and Millennials, wholeheartedly embrace and are profoundly influenced by the rapid development of social media. It is important to recognize that the impact of VUCA on youth and social media is not solely negative. It is crucial to promote digital literacy, encourage healthy online habits, and foster open conversations and self-expression. Social media platforms provide a constant stream of information, including news, opinions, and updates from friends and peers. The volatility and uncertainty of this information can contribute to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety, especially when it involves negative or distressing content. This study focuses on the use of emoticons and symbols in self-expression as well as the emotional reaction regarding one’s own posts and others. A total of 500 participants were recruited for this study from various parts of Malaysia aged between 18 to 30 years old. Descriptive analysis of the study shows majority of the participants used emoticons and symbols for better self-expression. When it comes to emotional reactions, the Gen Z and Millennials generally show a preference for positive postings. However, they also demonstrate empathy and understanding towards those who share negative postings. This study enhances our understanding of how Malaysian youths express themselves on social media and sheds light on their emotional responses. Keywords: Self-expression, mental wellbeing, emotional responses, social media, youths.

“Distress is probably the wrong word”: exploring uncertainty and ambivalence in non-clinical voice-hearing and the psychosis continuum

ABSTRACT Background Non-clinical voice-hearers (NCVHs) have been the subject of a growing body of psychological research, a primary aim of which is the development of new therapeutic techniques to support those who struggle with voice-hearing. However, relatively little research has examined non-clinical voice-hearing experiences beyond their relationship with clinical voice-hearing. Methods The present study consists of a qualitative re-analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews conducted as part of an NCVH neuroimaging study which included items from the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results were generated using thematic analysis. Results Analysis of interview responses showed that participants often experience negative voice content and negative emotion, but have frameworks which normalize a range of voice-hearing experiences. Participants also reported experiences which are not captured by standard clinical scales, as well as reporting comfort with uncertainty and ambiguity surrounding voices. Discussion These results indicate that much of the experience of NCVHs may be missed by clinical measures and concepts, suggesting a need to approach them in ways that go beyond typical understandings of the psychosis continuum.

Popular Culture in Social Media &amp; Online Games: Between Morality, Fear, and Expectations from Families and Schools

Aim. This article aims to present the meanings given by families and schools in viewing popular culture in social media and online games, and the implications for children. Important questions in this study include the relevance of educational values, concerns, fears and hopes of families and schools in viewing popular culture today. Methods. Phenomenology to explore how families and schools interpret the presence of popular culture in children's lives. Results. Families and schools agree that compared to the positive benefits, popular culture has more negative effects on children. Concerns related to children's imitation nature, such as imitating various popular content on social media and online games and practising them in the real world. Families and schools fear of negative popular content will appear algorithmically and randomly on children's social media or online game homepages. All parties hope that the Indonesian government has the firmness to limit the intensity of use and the type of content consumed by children. Conclusion. Popular culture is inseparable from children's lives today, as social media and online games have become new spaces for them. Despite knowing this, families and schools still suffer from worry and fear of the negative effects of popular culture on children. The control exercised by families and schools still provides a gap for negative popular culture to enter when children operate social media and online games. Therefore, moral teachings are needed for families and schools to ask the government to be actively involved in limiting children's consumption of popular culture.

The Effect of Negative User-Generated Content Reviews in the Form of Testimonials on Interest in Visiting Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace

Historical tourism in Indonesia, especially destinations such as Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace, has great potential to attract both domestic and international tourists. However, negative reviews that come from user-generated content in the form of testimonials are often a factor that can affect the interest of tourist visits. This study aims to analyze the impact of negative reviews on interest in tourist visits to these historical destinations. This study aims to eval_uate the extent to which negative reviews affect interest in tourist visits to three main cultural destinations in Indonesia: Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, and Ratu Boko Palace. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method by collecting data through a survey of 58 respondents who have visited the three destinations. The data was processed using SPSS software to test the validity, reliability, and influence of negative reviews on the interest of tourist visits. The results of the analysis showed that negative reviews did not significantly affect the interest of tourists visiting Borobudur Temple, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace. All three destinations remain the top choice for tourists, despite the negative reviews, mainly due to their strong historical reputation and visual appeal. This study concludes that negative reviews do not have a significant influence on the interest in tourist visits to the historical destinations of Borobudur, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Palace. Therefore, destination managers are advised to continue to pay attention to negative reviews as eval_uation material but do not need to worry too much about the impact on tourist visits.

The Influence of Social Media on Adolescent Sexual Behavior: A Retrospective Analysis

In this modern era, the internet has become an essential part of basic human needs. Social media, as one of the most widely used platforms, offers various benefits, such as a means of communication and self-expression. However, behind these benefits, there are various negative impacts, especially for teenagers and minors. One of them is access to pornographic content that can influence premarital sexual behavior. This study aims to analyze the influence of social media on adolescent sexual behavior. The research method used is a literature study, by collecting and reviewing theories from various relevant literatures. Based on an analysis of seven international articles, it was found that adolescents have a very high exposure to negative content on social media, including pornography. This exposure increases the risk of unhealthy sexual behavior, where the more often adolescents are exposed to information and experiences related to sexual behavior, the stronger the stimulus to imitate the behavior. One significant impact of unhealthy social media use is the increase in promiscuous sex among adolescents. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of supervision and education for adolescents in using social media to minimize these negative impacts.

The Impact and Reflection of Film and Television Works on the Formation of High School Students' Values

This paper focuses on the influence of film and television works on the formation of high school students' values. With the development of the media industry, high school students are increasingly exposed to various film and television works. These works, with their vivid images and rich storylines, have a profound impact on the psychological and cognitive development of high school students. Through in-depth analysis, it is found that positive film and television works can help students establish correct values, such as patriotism, friendship, and perseverance. However, some negative content in film and television works may also mislead students, leading to the formation of incorrect values. This paper further reflects on how to guide high school students to correctly view film and television works and make use of their positive aspects to promote the healthy development of values. It also discusses the responsibilities of families, schools, and society in this process. The research aims to provide valuable references for improving the media literacy of high school students and promoting the healthy growth of their values.