Negative Content Research Articles

The dynamics of emotion expression on Twitter and mental health in a UK longitudinal study

Introduction & BackgroundAn estimated 4.95 billion people used social media in 2023, with the average user active on around seven platforms for over two hours per day. This widespread use leads to abundant digital footprint data around interactions with social media. These data can be collected continuously and reflect real behaviour of users in naturalistic settings. These strengths have led researchers to propose the use of social media data in digital phenotyping, where digital footprints can be used to quantify and predict health conditions. Mental health assessment in particular could benefit, as existing approaches, such as self-report questionnaires and inpatient assessment, are unable to perform the real-time monitoring that digital phenotyping could potentially achieve. Digital phenotyping models for mental health require careful consideration of what aspects of social media data to include. Including all data users generate could result in models that are overfitted and difficult to explain. Studies are required that explore the relationship between specific aspects of social media data, such as the time course of expressed emotion, and gold-standard measures of mental health. Objectives & ApproachWith participants’ consent, we linked Twitter data to self-reported measures of mental health from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We performed sentiment analysis using three different approaches—LIWC, VADER and RoBERTa—to estimate the amount, variability and instability of positive and negative emotional content in each participant’s Tweets over a one-year period. We explored the association between these measures of emotion expression and self-reported scores of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and wellbeing. These mental health measures are the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety 7 and the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Relevance to Digital FootprintsOur research is highly relevant to digital footprint research, as it involves the use of digital footprint data (i.e. Twitter data) to predict mental health outcomes. Conclusions & ImplicationsThe results of our analysis will inform the development of digital footprint based phenotyping for mental health that could one day provide information to supplement clinical assessments.

Emotion effects survive non-standard orthographic representations

ABSTRACT Digital communication has generated forms of written speech that may deviate from standard ones, such as Greeklish (a Latin-alphabet-based script) vs. Greek. The question of interest is how different orthographic representations of the same referent (e.g. petaloyda, “butterfly”, in Greeklish vs. πϵταλούδα “butterfly” in Greek) may influence word processing, particularly visual word recognition and access to affective connotations. 120 Greek native speakers were tested on a lexical decision task, in which script (Greeklish vs. Greek) and valence (positive vs. negative vs. neutral) were manipulated within participants. Words were matched for word class, frequency, concreteness, length, number of syllables and orthographic neighbourhood. Emotional words differed from neutral ones in valence and arousal. Results yielded faster response times for words written in the standard script (Greek) than the non-standard script (Greeklish). Moreover, regardless of script, response times were negatively correlated with the words’ valence, with slowest responses for negative words and fastest for positive ones, suggesting that positive content accelerates lexical access, whereas negative content slows it down. To sum up, although script type was found to affect word recognition, activation of and access to emotional content seemed to resist non-standard characteristics of visual word processing.

How movies move us - movie preferences are linked to differences in neuronal emotion processing of fear and anger: an fMRI study.

As a source of audio-visual stimulation, movies expose people to various emotions. Interestingly, several genres are characterized by negative emotional content. Albeit theoretical approaches exist, little is known about preferences for specific movie genres and the neuronal processing of negative emotions. We investigated associations between movie genre preference and limbic and reward-related brain reactivity to close this gap by employing an fMRI paradigm with negative emotional faces in 257 healthy participants. We compared the functional activity of the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) between individuals with a preference for a particular movie genre and those without such preference. Amygdala activation was relatively higher in individuals with action movie preference (p TFCE-FWE = 0.013). Comedy genre preference was associated with increased amygdala (p TFCE-FWE = 0.038) and NAcc activity (p TFCE-FWE = 0.011). In contrast, crime/thriller preference (amygdala: p TFCE-FWE ≤ 0.010, NAcc: p TFCE-FWE = 0.036), as well as documentary preference, was linked to the decreased amygdala (p TFCE-FWE = 0.012) and NAcc activity (p TFCE-FWE = 0.015). The study revealed associations between participants' genre preferences and brain reactivity to negative affective stimuli. Interestingly, preferences for genres with similar emotion profiles (action, crime/thriller) were associated with oppositely directed neural activity. Potential links between brain reactivity and susceptibility to different movie-related gratifications are discussed.

Pengaruh Integrasi Teknologi Pembelajaran terhadap Efektivitas dan Transformasi Paradigma Pendidikan Era Digital

The digital era has significantly transformed the face of education. The integration of technology in learning through digital devices, online platforms, and multimedia resources has created a dynamic learning environment and enriched the learning experience for students. However, its implementation faces challenges such as technology access gaps, lack of technology skills among educators, data privacy issues, curriculum alignment, and negative internet content. Collaboration among stakeholders is needed to address these challenges. Technology-based education offers opportunities for improving accessibility, flexibility, personalized learning, and innovative teaching methods. Interpreting the results of technology use in education is important to optimize its benefits and formulate effective implementation strategies according to diverse educational contexts.

Analisis Perkembangan Sikap Prososial Anak Usia Dini Menurut Bandura

The formation of prosocial attitudes in early childhood has a significant impact on the formation of their character and behavior in the future. The role of the model and environmental influences are important factors in this process. This research aims to explore more deeply the role of models and environmental influences in the formation of prosocial attitudes in young children, as well as to understand the challenges and obstacles faced in efforts to promote prosocial behavior in them. The research method used is qualitative research, by conducting direct observations and in-depth interviews with parents, teachers and children's caregivers. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and findings. The research results show that the role of models, whether from parents, teachers, or characters in the media, has a significant impact in shaping the prosocial attitudes of young children. The environment, including at home, at school and in the community, also plays an important role in shaping children's behavior. However, there are challenges such as negative media content and lack of awareness about the importance of promoting prosocial attitudes in early childhood. Therefore, a deep understanding of these factors is key in creating an environment that supports positive moral and social development in early childhood.

Assessment of Voice Content for Voice Hearers: Psychometric Evaluation of the Perth Voice Content Questionnaire.

The experience of hearing voices is common to an estimated 7% of the general population, with the presence of negative content being the best predictor of whether individuals will require clinical support. Whilst largely neglected in the literature to date, there are calls to consider the significance of voice content for reducing voice-related distress. However, no quantitative and comprehensive measure of voice content with suitability for research and clinical use exists. This pilot study aimed to demonstrate preliminary psychometric properties of a newly developed measure, the Perth Voice Content Questionnaire (PVCQ), designed to measure the intensity and themes of positively and negatively valenced voice content, primarily of the dominant voice. The PVCQ and measures of voice severity and related beliefs were completed by 47 voice-hearing participants. The measure was found to be internally consistent, loaded onto two distinct factors of positive and negative content, and these factors were associated with voice-related distress and negative beliefs about voices and positive beliefs about voices, respectively, indicating good validity. The PVCQ offers the first self-report measure of voice content, with preliminary psychometric properties indicating its suitability for clinical and research use.

“Stuff that only mixed‐race people would understand”: Community and identity‐related experiences in online groups for multiracial people

AbstractMultiracial people are a rapidly growing group who may still lack social support from similar others in their offline lives. This study aimed to understand the user experiences in online groups for multiracial individuals. In a cross‐sectional online survey, 300 multiracial emerging adults (79% women; mean age = 23; most common ethnic identity components: 86% White/European, 44% Chinese, 17% Japanese, 16% Southeast Asian, and 13% Filipino) answered open‐ended questions about their experiences in Facebook groups for multiracial people. Participants described aspects of the groups they liked and disliked most, as well as their identity‐related experiences in the groups. We used reflexive thematic analysis to generate four themes within participants responses: (1) online groups as a gateway into connections with other multiracial individuals, (2) deriving a sense of belonging and community, (3) an opportunity for exploration and validation of racial identity, and (4) negative intrusions such as negative content (e.g., trolling, repetitive posting) and racism. For racial and ethnic minorities such as multiracial individuals, Facebook groups provide a space for community‐building and identity‐related experiences. Although online groups can foster a strong sense of community, validation, and belonging, findings also highlight potential challenges and limitations (e.g., how to delineate group boundaries, difficulty forming close relationships). Online group users and researchers should explore novel ways of maximizing these positive experiences while addressing users' concerns and negative experiences.

Non-Penal Policy In Tackling Cyber-Bullying Through Integrated Cyber-Prevention

Technological developments have given rise to new digital crimes. One of them is the crime of cyberbullying, which has become a crucial problem that requires serious attention. Considering the effects of crimes that do not only affect the physical and psychological disorders of their victims, overcoming cyberbullying is not enough just through prosecution or repressive efforts. In addition, there are still weaknesses in the legal provisions in Indonesia. Alternative efforts are needed to prevent and minimize cyberbullying crimes. The purpose of this research is to find out how the form of weaknesses in the regulation of cyberbullying crimes in Indonesian legislation and how efforts to prevent cyberbullying crimes through integrated cyber prevention. this research is a type of juridical-normative research. The results show that the crime of cyberbullying has been accommodated with several provisions of laws and regulations in Indonesia, but there are no provisions of articles whose formulations specifically and limitatively regulate the elements of the crime. integrated cyber prevention by combining technological approaches and prevention based on educational approaches. This includes the provision of parental control functions to prevent the spread of negative content that leads to cyberbullying on smartphones and PC applications. In addition, the government's prevention efforts are also carried out through counseling, education, campaigns, and community support, as well as the establishment of a cybercrime division by the National Police Headquarters to prevent and prosecute cyberbullying crimes.

Understanding Social Media Information Sharing in Individuals with Depression: Insights from the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Schema Activation Theory.

How individuals engage with social media can significantly impact their psychological well-being. This study examines the impact of social media interactions on mental health, grounded in the frameworks of the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Schema Activation Theory. It aims to uncover behavioral differences in information sharing between the general population and individuals with depression, while also elucidating the psychological mechanisms underlying these disparities. A pre-experiment (N=30) and three experiments (Experiment 1a N=200, Experiment 1b N=180, Experiment 2 N=128) were executed online. These experiments investigated the joint effects of information quality, content valence, self-referential processing, and depression level on the intention to share information. The research design incorporated within-subject and between-subject methods, utilizing SPSS and SPSS Process to conduct independent sample t-tests, two-factor ANOVA analyses, mediation analyses, and moderated mediation analyses to test our hypotheses. Information quality and content valence significantly influence sharing intention. In scenarios involving low-quality information, individuals with depression are more inclined to share negative emotional content compared to the general population, and this tendency intensifies with the severity of depression. Moreover, self-referential processing acts as a mediator between emotional content and intention to share, yet this mediation effect weakens as the severity of depression rises. Our study highlights the importance of promoting viewpoint diversity and breaking the echo chamber effect in social media to improve the mental health of individuals with depression. To achieve this goal, tailoring emotional content on social media could be a practical starting point for practice.

Self-compassion letter tool for healthcare worker well-being: a qualitative descriptive analysis

ObjectiveThis qualitative study aimed to identify categories within therapeutic self-compassion letters written by healthcare workers. Resulting categories were assessed for their relevance to the construct of self-compassion.DesignThis was a qualitative...

Moral judgment of objectionable online content: Reporting decisions and punishment preferences on social media.

Harmful and inappropriate online content is prevalent, necessitating the need to understand how individuals judge and wish to mitigate the spread of negative content on social media. In an online study with a diverse sample of social media users (n = 294), we sought to elucidate factors that influence individuals' evaluation of objectionable online content. Participants were presented with images varying in moral valence, each accompanied by an indicator of intention from an ostensible content poster. Half of the participants were assigned the role of user content moderator, while the remaining participants were instructed to respond as they normally would online. The study aimed to establish whether moral imagery, the intention of a content poster, and the perceived responsibility of social media users, affect judgments of objectionability, operationalized through both decisions to flag content and preferences to seek punishment of other users. Our findings reveal that moral imagery strongly influences users' assessments of what is appropriate online content, with participants almost exclusively choosing to report and punish morally negative images. Poster intention also plays a significant role in user's decisions, with greater objection shown to morally negative content when it has been shared by another user for the purpose of showing support for it. Bestowing a content moderation role affected reporting behaviour but not punishment preferences. We also explore individual user characteristics, finding a negative association between trust in social media platforms and reporting decisions. Conversely, a positive relationship was identified between trait empathy and reporting rates. Collectively, our insights highlight the complexity of social media users' moderation decisions and preferences. The results advance understanding of moral judgments and punishment preferences online, and offer insights for platforms and regulatory bodies aiming to better understand social media users' role in content moderation.

Associations Between Both Adaptive and Maladaptive Personality Constructs and Emotional Load and Content of Adult Dreams.

It seems that personality and dreams are relatively stable interwoven constructs that show many shared characteristics across cultures. The present study aimed to predict the emotional load and content of dreams using both original constructs and two extracted spectrum factors of adaptive and maladaptive personalities. The cross-sectional study data was collected from 704 Iranian adults using the brief version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5, the brief version of the Big Five Inventory, Schredl's Dream Emotions Manual, and the Content Analysis of Dreams Manual. Pearson correlations, hierarchical regressions, exploratory factor analysis, and analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Factor analysis revealed two factors for the adaptive and maladaptive spectrums of personality. Adaptive and maladaptive constructs of personality are almost equally related to both the negative and positive loads of dreams, while the negative load of dreams is more strongly predicted by the maladaptive spectrum factor (R 2: 13% vs. 7%, ∆R 2: 8% vs. 2%). Negative load is characterized by low agreeableness and high negative affectivity, while positive load is characterized by high agreeableness and low detachment. Compared to most negative dream content such as distress, dreamers with happy content reported higher adaptive traits and lower maladaptive traits. The emotional load and content of dreams are significantly related to both specific constructs and spectrum factors of adaptive and maladaptive personalities. Psychologists can refer to personality profiles when analysing the emotional load and content of dreams of adults.

Actual problems of admissibility of evidence: issues of obtaining and use

The article reveals the problematic issues of admissibility of evidence, as well as the types and criteria of admissibility defined in the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
 Proposals for improving the conceptual apparatus regarding the considered issues and provisions of the current legislation have been put forward. The relevance of the publication is determined by the need to improve the process of proof in the field of criminal justice and the development of effective mechanisms for the investigation of criminal offenses.
 The purpose of preparing the article was to reveal the main provisions of the content of admissibility of evidence in the criminal justice system of Ukraine, as well as some relevant issues that are directly related to this. The prerequisites for the formation of the specified goal were the modern problems that arise during the pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings.
 The author used general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Thus, from the general scientific methods, in particular, the system-structural method, the method of functional analysis, from the special ones - formal- legal, logical-procedural methods, the method of comparative jurisprudence were used. The main legislative norms related to the topic of the publication have been analyzed.
 The publication proves that the requirements that determine the procedure for obtaining evidence in relation to the possibility of their further use are conventionally divided into those that have a negative or positive content. Such a classification makes it possible to predict the behavior of an investigator, prosecutor or judge in implementing the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is also proven that in part 1 of Art. 86 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, it is advisable to establish the provision that the evidence is recognized as admissible if it is obtained in the manner established by the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, and not only the Code of Criminal Procedure. It is also noted that in Art. Art. 87 and 88 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine recognize certain conditions of inadmissibility of evidence related to a significant violation of human rights and freedoms and groundless use of evidence and information related to the identity of the suspect or accused. At the same time, any other violations of the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine can be considered relatively inadmissible, if only because of the insignificant nature of the legal consequences that arise and the real possibility of their elimination.

STRATEGI PENYAMPAIAN PESAN DAKWAH PADA MEDIA SOSIAL

The Da'wah message is the message that the da'i wants to convey to the mad'u which is an important element in da'wah activities. Various media can be used to carry out da'wah, such as Tik Tok. One of the platforms that is widely used by people today. One of them is Husain Basyaiban with the Tik Tok account @kadamsidik00, which discusses Islamic values ​​and da'wah messages packaged in a way that is easy to understand. This research uses qualitative research. Researchers used content analysis on the @kadamsidik00 account. These data are processed and analyzed to identify strategies for delivering da'wah messages and supporting and inhibiting factors that influence the effectiveness of the da'wah message strategies delivered. Based on the results of this research, it was found that the @kadamsidik00 account used various strategies in conveying da'wah messages on Tik Tok. One of them is the use of creative content that attracts attention, as well as the ability to follow popular trends on Tik Tok to maximize audience reach. Apart from that, interaction with followers through comments and responses is also an important part of this account's strategy. Researchers also found several significant supporting factors in the strategy of conveying da'wah messages on Tik Tok social media by the account @kadamsidik00. These factors include the ability to create creative and attention-grabbing content, adaptation to popular trends, active interaction with followers, and the popularity of accounts that can expand the reach of preaching messages. However, there are also inhibiting factors that need to be considered. Limits on the duration of content on Tik Tok, competition with other viral content, and the risk of the da'wah message being distorted can become obstacles in conveying the da'wah message effectively. Apart from that, the importance of understanding the target audience more precisely and the risk of exposure to negative content also needs to be considered.

Gender and Its Role in Family Education About Kids Friendly Entertainment

The development of information technology is one of the advances of the times that cannot be denied, especially the COVID-19 pandemic has also encouraged the use of information technology among children as a new method of school learning. Supervision and education should be carried out to minimize exposure to negative content that is not age appropriate. This research comes with two main goals. First, find out whether supervision and education regarding children’s entertainment has been carried out, especially in Sunter Agung and Warakas sub-districts. Second, knowing which gender has the dominant role in carrying out that role. Considering that Indonesia's social and cultural conditions have long recognized the division of roles between men and women which originates from the idea of patriarchy. This research uses mixed research methods, qualitative and quantitative methods. The research results show that monitoring of gadget use has been carried out by involving a third side, in this case an age restriction algorithm to replace the role of parents. The gender that plays the dominant role in monitoring gadget use is women or mothers. This is based on two reasons. First, women are considered to spend more time interacting with children, especially those who work as housewives. Meanwhile, fathers don't interact much with their children because they work outside the home. Second, women are considered to have feminine qualities, such as patience and perseverance, which are considered better in educating children.

The Impact of Violent Social Media Content on Human Behaviour

As social media has become the primary platform for information dissemination and social interaction, how violent content affects individual behavior has prompted profound reflections in academia. Research focuses on how violent content on social media influences individuals psychologically, behaviorally, and socially. Scholars examine the impact of violent content on users' emotions and cognition, exploring how these effects translate into actual behavior. Studies also investigate the dissemination mechanisms of violent information, including the pathways, speed, and user engagement in content spread. Employing multifaceted analysis methods such as surveys and data analysis, researchers aim to comprehensively understand the direct and indirect influences of violent content on individual behavior. Findings indicate that social media's violent content has broad effects on individuals, including negative emotional experiences, cognitive changes, and potential tension and conflicts in social relationships. Additionally, the research reveals diverse reactions to violent content among different user groups, further enriching understanding of the issue. The study's conclusions underscore the urgency of developing effective intervention strategies to mitigate the negative impact social media's violent content may have on individual behavior.

Peluang dan Tantangan Pesantren Salaf di Era Digital (Studi Kasus di PP. Fathul Ulum Kwagean)

Peluang dan Tantangan Pesantren Salaf di Era Digital (Studi Kasus di PP. Fathul Ulum Kwagean)

The Netflix effect: exploring the nexus of content exposure, destination appeal, and behavioural intention

ABSTRACT This study employs the AIDA framework and reception theory to explore the nexus between Netflix content exposure and travel intention. Findings unveil the underlying mechanisms involving exposure to content on Netflix, the appeal of a featured destination, and the behavioural intention to visit. Exposure to negative Netflix content elicits more unfavorable attitudes toward a destination compared to positive content or commercials. Participants’ prior overseas travel experiences influence visit intention, emphasizing the impact of past encounters on perceptions of featured destinations. The research emphasizes the significance of examining the impact of Netflix’s global content on destination appeal and provides practical recommendations.

Effects of iron-alginate ratios and pHs of gelation on characteristics of iron bead encapsulation

Encapsulation is one of the methods to protect iron from oxidation. Among the encapsulation methods, gelation could be the simplest one. This method requires the matrix which could form a gel. Alginate fulfills the requirements as an encapsulant by creating beads. However, performances of the encapsulation are determined by the conditions of the gelation process. The aim of this study was to study the effect of the iron -alginate ratios (0.05-0.5, w/w) and pHs of gelation (5-10) on the properties of alginate beads for iron encapsulation. CaCl2 solution was used as a cross-linked agent to form beads. Solution of iron-alginate was dropped into CaCl2 solution (150 mL, 1 M) using 5- mL unneedled syringe from about 5 cm above the cross-linked solution surfaces. The results showed that the ratio of iron-alginate and pH have a negative correlation with moisture content, diameter beads, and encapsulation efficiency but iron loading. Neutral pH-gelation produced softer bead texture. The highest efficiency encapsulation was found in pH 5 of gelation. Release of iron was higher in pH 6.8 than that in pH 1.2. Increase in iron-alginate ratio led to have more syneresis effect. However, higher pH-gelation tended to have lower syneresis.

Definition of springtime easterly wind bursts in the Indian Ocean and their roles in triggering positive IOD events

Using wind reanalysis dataset, we propose a definition for easterly wind bursts (EWBs) occurring in the Indian Ocean and analyze their effects on positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events. It was found that there were eight pIOD events during the period from 1980–2020, all of which were accompanied by EWBs occurrence in spring except 2015. The significant impact of EWBs on pIOD events is through the Bjerkness feedback process, strengthening upwelling in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and triggering a westward zonal current in the equatorial Indian Ocean, both cooling the EIO and in turn strengthening the easterly wind anomalies. Further analysis reveals that the negative upper ocean heat content (OHC) anomalies in EIO, acting as a trigger of Bjerkness feedback process, also plays a critical role in the development of pIOD. Thus, the simultaneous occurrence of EWBs and negative OHC anomalies in spring is an important precursor to pIOD occurrence, although there are possible other triggers.