Experience Of Negative Affect Research Articles

610-P: Negative Affect and Symptom Experience in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) : A Bidirectional Evaluation Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA)

Objectives: Physical symptoms (SXS) are commonly reported among adults with T2D and have a significant impact on functioning and self-management. Although there is evidence that symptom reporting is closely linked to the experience of negative affect (NA) , the directionality of this relationship remains unclear. This study used EMA to evaluate bidirectional temporal associations between SXS and NA in adults with sub-optimally controlled T2D. Methods: Adults with T2D (N = 61; Age = 55 (10) yrs; Women = 64.5%; Black = 61%; Latino = 36%; A1C = 8.5 (2.3) completed smartphone EMA of SXS and NA 3 x daily over a 14-day period. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess associations of total number of SXS reported (0-13) and subsequent levels of NA (0-5) , and vice-versa. Results: There were significant within- and between-person bidirectional associations between SXS and NA. Within-persons, a 1-point increase in SXS from one’s personal mean was associated with a 0.03-point increase in subsequent NA (95%CI: 0.01-0.04, p = .008) and a 1-point increase in NA from one’s personal mean was associated with a 0.39-point increase in subsequent SXS (95%CI: 0.27-0.50, p < .0001) . Between-persons, a 1-point increase in SXS personal mean was associated with a 0.18-point increase in subsequent NA (95%CI: 0.12-0.26, p < .0001) and a 1-point increase in one’s NA personal mean was associated with a 1.8-point increase in SXS (95%CI: 1.15-2.46, p < .0001) . Conclusion: Results showed bidirectional relations between SXS and NA, observed both within- and between-persons over the course of a day, among predominantly ethnic minority adults with T2D. If these patterns reflect causal associations, they suggest that interventions that reduce negative affect would also reduce the experience of physical symptoms, and vice versa. Given prior evidence linking these factors to self-management, functioning, and health outcomes in T2D, such interventions could have substantial impact. Disclosure S.R.Fishman: None. J.S.Gonzalez: Consultant; Virta Health Corp. C.J.Hoogendoorn: None. C.Wang: None. S.A.Mulvaney: None. V.H.Jonas: None. H.Mendez-rodriguez: None. R.Fang: None. C.A.Solon: None. J.P.Crandall: Research Support; Abbott Diabetes. Funding NIH P30 DK111022

0261 Pre-Sleep Arousal Predicts Subsequent Night’s REM Frontal Theta Power in a Naturalistic Context

Abstract Introduction Decreased rapid eye movement (REM) frontal theta spectral activity during sleep has been identified following intense negative experiences in both naturalistic and experimental settings. It is unknown, however, whether this spectral marker a) also appears following lower intensity naturalistic negative affective experiences, and b) whether it is responsive to arousal, to negative valence, or to both. Methods In a community sample of adults (N = 50, age range 21-49 [M = 30.30, SD = 7.85]) with no mental health or sleep disorders except bruxism, we separately measured naturalistic experiences of negative valence and arousal 40-60 minutes prior to bedtime, then assessed at-home sleep using a single night of ambulatory polysomnography with 8 electroencephalography channels. REM frontal theta was calculated as the mean relative spectral power density between 4.9-8 Hz at F3 and F4 during REM. Affective experience was assessed with a 0-100 slider rating filled out on participants’ smartphones. Negative valence was assessed by asking, “How negative are you feeling right now?” Arousal was assessed using a composite of somatic and cognitive arousal that reverse scored and averaged two ratings, “How calm is your body?” and “How quiet is your mind?” Analyses were conducted with Bayesian general linear models using flat priors. Results Contrary to our hypothesis, pre-sleep arousal was linearly associated with increased REM frontal theta (ß = 2.06 [0.95, 3.20], pMAP < 0.001). A quadratic association fit the data better than the linear model (Bayes Factor = 250.47), such that, for low to moderate pre-sleep arousal, REM frontal theta power increased as arousal ratings increased, but for moderate to high pre-sleep arousal, REM frontal theta power decreased as arousal ratings increased (ß = -2.04 [-3.18, -0.90], pMAP < 0.001). Both associations remained significant even adjusting for negative valence. Contrary to expectations, pre-sleep negative valence was not associated with REM frontal theta. Conclusion Separately measuring affect dimensions revealed that REM frontal theta power was selectively responsive to naturalistic pre-sleep arousal. At higher arousal ratings, our results matched prior findings. However, at lower arousal ratings, the association was reversed, suggesting that spectral markers may vary across affective intensities and contexts. Support (If Any) National Science Foundation Graduate FellowshipR56, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, “Emotion dysregulation and sleep-time masticatory muscle activity in sleep bruxism,” DE025321

Negative Parenting Style and Perceived Non-Physical Bullying at School: The Mediating Role of Negative Affect Experiences and Coping Styles.

At present, school bullying incidents frequently occur, attracting increased attention from researchers. In this study, we attempt to explore the impact of parenting styles on perceived school non-physical bullying. Four hundred ninety-two students in the fifth and sixth grades of eight primary schools in Zhejiang province were surveyed. To control any potential confounding factors, a randomized sampling survey method was used to distribute questionnaires. The results showed that negative affect experiences, negative coping styles, negative family parenting styles, and the perceived school non-physical bullying were all positively correlated with each other (p < 0.05). Perceived verbal bullying differed significantly by gender, grade, and only/non-only children (p < 0.05). Perceived relationship bullying significantly differed between grades (p < 0.05). The gender difference in perceived cyberbullying also reached a significant level (p < 0.05). The rejection parenting style was shown to be an important factor that may be associated with students’ perceived school non-physical bullying; it was observed to be directly associated with students’ perceived school non-physical bullying and indirectly associated with students’ perceived school non-physical bullying by influencing negative affect experiences and negative coping styles. In conclusion, negative affect experiences and coping styles may have a chain-like mediating effect between the rejection parenting style and students’ perceived school verbal bullying. Moreover, negative affect experiences may have a partial mediating effect between the rejection parenting style and students’ perceived school cyberbullying, relationship bullying, and non-physical bullying total scores. This study provides first-hand empirical data support for schools, families, and education authorities to guide and manage non-physical bullying incidents in schools. They also provide a theoretical basis for subsequent related research in the field of non-physical bullying.

Negative life events and stress sensitivity in youth’s daily life: an ecological momentary assessment study

PurposeNegative life events (LEs) are associated with mental health problems in youth. However, little is known about underlying mechanisms. The aim of the study was to investigate whether exposure to LEs modifies stress sensitivity in youth’s daily life.MethodsEcological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to assess stress sensitivity (i.e., association of momentary stress with (i) negative affect and (ii) psychotic experiences) in 99 adolescents and young adults (42 service users, 17 siblings, and 40 controls; Mage 15 years). Before EMA, exposure to LEs (e.g., intrusive threats, experience of loss, serious illness) was assessed.ResultsLifetime as well as previous-year exposure to LEs modified stress sensitivity in service users: they experienced more intense negative affect and psychotic experiences in response to stress when high vs. low exposure levels were compared. In contrast, controls showed no differences in stress sensitivity by exposure levels. Looking at specific types of LEs, controls showed less intense negative affect in response to stress when high vs. low exposure levels to threatening events during the last year, but not lifetime exposure, were compared. In siblings, no evidence was found that LEs modified stress sensitivity.ConclusionStress sensitivity may constitute a putative risk mechanism linking LEs and mental health in help-seeking youth, while unfavourable effects of LEs on stress sensitivity may attenuate over time or do not occur in controls and siblings. Targeting individuals’ sensitivity to stress in daily life using novel digital interventions may be a promising approach towards improving youth mental health.

Help-Seeking Preferences and Factors Associated with Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services Among First-Year Undergraduates

Many first-year university students experience stressors that impact their adjustment and well-being. Their help-seeking attitudes and preferred sources of support may be associated with various factors. The purpose of the present study was to (1) examine help-seeking preferences amongst first-year university students, (2) explore factors associated with students’ attitudes toward seeking mental health services, and (3) identify perceived barriers associated with accessing formal sources of support. First-year students at a Canadian university (N = 167) completed a survey assessing help-seeking attitudes and preferences, as well as challenges associated with seeking support. Participants also provided information about their perceived levels of social support, personality characteristics, and their tendency to experience positive and negative affect. Findings suggest that social support and negative affect were significantly associated with positive attitudes toward seeking mental health services. However, students were more inclined to rely on informal sources of support, such as family members and friends, compared to formal sources of support available through on- or off-campus mental health services. For thosestudents who are inclined to access formal mental health support, barriers may impede access to care. Perceived barriers include cost and concerns about the availability of services and their overall effectiveness. These findings call for the creation of more opportunities for on-campus informal support in addition to better access to on-campus mental health services.

Security motives and negative affective experiences during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective Self-regulation can help individuals cope during stressful events, but little is known about why and when this might occur. We examined if being more focused on prevention was linked to negative affective experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined possible underlying mechanisms for this association, and whether social support buffered it. Design Pre-registered longitudinal study, with surveys every 2 weeks over one month (N = 1269). Main outcome measures Regulatory focus and worry for health (T1), adherence to self-isolation and preventive health behaviours (T2), negative affective experiences, positive affect, frequency of online interactions, and perceived social support (T3). Results Prevention focus was associated with health worries at baseline and linked to greater adherence to preventive health behaviours (T2). Only adherence to self-isolation was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3). Exploratory analyses showed that prevention focus was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3), but only for participants with fewer online interactions with their family and less perceived social support from family and friends. Conclusions Prevention motives in threatening times can be a double-edged sword, with benefits for health behaviours and consequences for negative affective experiences. Having a strong social network during these times can alleviate these consequences.

Supplemental Material for Shifting Qualities of Negative Affective Experience Through Adolescence: Age-Related Change and Associations With Functional Outcomes

Supplemental Material for Shifting Qualities of Negative Affective Experience Through Adolescence: Age-Related Change and Associations With Functional Outcomes

Investigating the Relationship between Positive and Negative Affect Experiences and Resilience and Tolerance of Ambiguity among Patients with HIV

Background &amp; Objective: Patients with HIV experience considerable negative affects, which may jeopardize their physical, mental, and social health. On the other hand, resilience and ambiguity tolerance in challenging situations may increase the psychological health of high-risk individuals, specifically HIV patients who are exposed to high levels of risk and stress. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between positive and negative affect experiences and resilience and ambiguity tolerance among patients with HIV in 2019. Materials &amp; Methods: This study used a descriptive-correlational design. Out of the HIV patients recorded in Hematological and Oncological Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 95 cases were selected via simple random sampling method and, then, they were included in the study. Afterwards, data collection was performed using resilience, ambiguity tolerance, and PANAS (positive and negative affect schedule) questionnaires. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Results: There was a significantly negative relationship between the negative affect experiences and ambiguity tolerance and resilience. Besides, the positive affect experiences were shown to have a significantly positive relationship with resilience and ambiguity tolerance. In addition, results of the regression demonstrated that the resilience and ambiguity tolerance variables could appropriately predict the positive and negative affect experiences. Conclusions: Considering the difficult conditions of the patients with HIV as well as their great number of problems, it might be possible to reduce the experiences of negative affect and, as a result, prevent the consequent outcomes of negative affect by increasing ambiguity tolerance and resilience.

Risk perception, mental health distress, and flourishing during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: The role of positive and negative affect.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented disruptions to people’s everyday life and induced wide-ranging impacts on people’s physical health, mental health and well-being. This research investigated the relationship between risk perception, mental health distress, and flourishing during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Three hundred and ninety Chinese completed measures on risk perception, mental health distress, positive and negative affect, flourishing, and demographic information. The results revealed that 27.2% of participants experienced some level of mental health distress, but they also experienced a relatively high level of flourishing. Higher level of risk perception and negative affect were risk factors, whereas positive affect was a protective factor, of mental illness and flourishing. Experiences of positive and negative affect mediated the relationship between risk perception and level of mental health distress and flourishing, respectively. Although the COVID-19 pandemic led to a higher level of mental distress among the general public in China, most people were also resilient during the pandemic. The results have implications for improving mental health and enhancing resiliency during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Polygenic risk, familial liability and stress reactivity in psychosis: an experience sampling study.

There is evidence for a polygenic contribution to psychosis. One targetable mechanism through which polygenic variation may impact on individuals and interact with the social environment is stress sensitization, characterized by elevated reactivity to minor stressors in daily life. The current study aimed to investigate whether stress reactivity is modified by polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS) in cases with enduring non-affective psychotic disorder, first-degree relatives of cases, and controls. We used the experience sampling method to assess minor stressors, negative affect, positive affect and psychotic experiences in 96 cases, 79 first-degree relatives, i.e. siblings, and 73 controls at wave 3 of the Dutch Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study. Genome-wide data were collected at baseline to calculate PRS. We found that associations of momentary stress with psychotic experiences, but not with negative and positive affect, were modified by PRS and group (all pFWE<0.001). In contrast to our hypotheses, siblings with high PRS reported less intense psychotic experiences in response to momentary stress compared to siblings with low PRS. No differences in magnitude of these associations were observed in cases with high v. low level of PRS. By contrast, controls with high PRS showed more intense psychotic experiences in response to stress compared to those with low PRS. This tentatively suggests that polygenic risk may operate in different ways than previously assumed and amplify reactivity to stress in unaffected individuals but operate as a resilience factor in relatives by attenuating their stress reactivity.

Вплив соціально-педагогічної діяльності підліткового клубу на розвиток особистісної ідентифікації підлітків

The article considers the influence of the socio-psychological activities of the teen club by interests on the development of personal identification of teenagers. Personal identification plays an important role in the process of interaction between a psychologist, a teacher and a pupil, thus stimulating psycho-corrective changes. In this paper, we consider it appropriate to highlight and explore the impact of the club forms of work on the development of personal identification in the process of social and psychological activities. It is pointed out that there are hundreds of teen clubs that operate at the national, regional and local levels and implement a large number of different programs of socially significant direction in Ukraine nowadays. It has been proved that an important place in the system of education of the younger generation belongs to clubs. They are the social institutions that are designed to organize leisure time not only for adults and promote the diverse development of the growing individual. Therefore, all the activities of the club by interests consist of two interrelated parts such as purposeful educational, educational and organizational activities of employees and actve particpants of the club and leisure activities of adolescents. The study of personal identification of adolescents is based on theoretical analysis of existing research, which reveals a field of relevant aspects for further study, namely educational work with adolescents, social and cultural determinism, the connection with the experience of negative affect.

Risk perception, anxiety, and depression among hospital pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating effect of positive and negative affect

This study investigated the impacts of risk perception of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression symptoms among hospital pharmacists in China. We conducted a cross-sectional study with hospital pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Some 4,219 hospital pharmacists completed an online survey including demographic questions, risk perception of COVID-19, General Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Multivariate regression and mediation analyses were conducted. The results indicated that 41.9% and 29.4% of hospital pharmacists experienced mild to severe levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. In older age, a higher level of risk perception of COVID-19, and negative affect experience were risk factors, whereas positive affect experience was a protective factor for anxiety and depression symptoms among pharmacists. Experience of positive and negative affect mediated the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety and depression among hospital pharmacists in China. Timely mental health services need to be provided for hospital pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Feeling Positive, Negative, or Both? Examining the Self-Regulatory Benefits of Emotional Ambivalence

According to self-regulation theories, affect plays a crucial role in driving goal-directed behaviors throughout employees’ work lives. Yet past work presents inconsistent results regarding the effects of positive and negative affect with theory heavily relying on understanding the separate, unique effects of each affective experience. In the current research, we integrate tenets of emotional ambivalence with self-regulation theories to examine how the conjoint experience of positive and negative affect yields benefits for behavioral regulation. We test these ideas within a self-regulatory context that has frequently studied the benefits of affect and has implications for all employees at one point in their careers: the job search. Adopting a person-centered (i.e., profile-based) perspective across two within-person investigations, we explore how emotional ambivalence relates to job search success (i.e., interview invitations, job offers) via job search self-regulatory processes (i.e., metacognitive strategies, effort). Results illustrate that the subsequent week (i.e., at time t + 1; Study 1) and month (Study 2) after job seekers experience emotional ambivalence (i.e., positive and negative affect experienced jointly at similar levels at time t), they receive more job offers via increased job search effort and interview invitations. Theoretical and practical implications for studying emotional ambivalence in organizational scholarship are discussed. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1553 .

Speak like a Native English Speaker or Be Judged: A Scoping Review

This review aims to examine the discrimination and prejudices toward the accent of non-native English speakers and cyberbullying as the ripple effect of these negative consequences. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework of conducting a scoping review, 60 studies from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved from the ERIC and Google Scholar databases. The studies were reviewed from two aspects: (1) psychological impact on speakers with a non-native English accent, (2) attitudes toward non-native English accents from the victim’s and perpetrator’s perspectives. The findings suggested that speaking with a non-native English accent drew negative cognitive, affective, and behavioral experiences. Biases toward non-native English accents were due to the general derogatory perception of an accent and the comprehensibility of speakers’ accent and pronunciation. “Accent acceptability” can be inculcated at all levels of education, not only through multicultural education but also through the concerted effort of policy makers and practitioners to seriously address this social issue. Accent awareness can dispel unwarranted and undesirable judgements of non-native English accent speakers. Future studies should be conducted on the effects of social and mental health experiences, particularly of non-native ESL and EFL teachers, given that this may be the only profession required to teach “live” during the pandemic and thus be subjected to public praise or ridicule.

Understanding and restoring dopaminergic function in fibromyalgia patients using a mindfulness-based psychological intervention: a [18F]-DOPA PET study. Study protocol for the FIBRODOPA study\u2014a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) is a very prevalent and debilitating chronic pain disorder that is difficult to treat. Mindfulness-based techniques are regarded as a very promising approach for the treatment of chronic pain and in particular FM. The Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) intervention, a mindfulness-based group intervention, has shown beneficial effects in opioid-treated chronic pain patients, including reduced pain severity, functional interference, and opioid dosing, by restoring neurophysiological and behavioral responses to reward. The first evidence for a hypodopaminergic state and impaired reward processing in FM has been reported. However, little is known about its impact on dopamine (DA) function and in particular with regard to DA responses to monetary reward in FM. The aim of the present study protocol is to evaluate if MORE is able to restore the DA function in FM patients, in particular with regard to the DA responses to reward, and to reduce pain and mood complaints in FM.MethodsThe present study is a multi-center interventional RCT with 3 time points: before the intervention, after completion of the intervention, and 3 months after completion of the intervention. Sixty-four FM patients will be randomly assigned to either the MORE intervention (N = 32) or a non-intervention control group (N = 32). Additionally, a comparison group of healthy women (N = 20) for PET measures will be enrolled and another group of healthy women (N = 15) will do the ambulatory assessments only. The MORE intervention consists of eight 2-h-long group sessions administered weekly over a period of 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, FM participants will undergo [18F] DOPA positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MR imaging while performing a reward task. The primary outcome will be endogeneous DA changes measured with [18F] DOPA PET at baseline, after the intervention (after 8 weeks for the non-intervention control group), and at 3 months’ follow-up. Secondary outcomes will be (1) clinical pain measures and FM symptoms using standardized clinical scales; (2) functional brain changes; (3) measures of negative and positive affect, stress, and reward experience in daily life using the ambulatory assessment method (AA); and (4) biological measures of stress including cortisol and alpha-amylase.DiscussionIf the findings of this study confirm the effectiveness of MORE in restoring DA function, reducing pain, and improving mood symptoms, MORE can be judged to be a promising means to improve the quality of life in FM patients. The findings of this trial may inform health care providers about the potential use of the MORE intervention as a possible non-pharmacological intervention for FM.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT 04451564. Registered on 3 July 2020. The trial was prospectively registered.

Both negative and positive task-irrelevant stimuli contract attentional breadth in individuals with high levels of negative affect

ABSTRACT Emotionally-salient stimuli can capture attention to their spatial location, even when they are not relevant to a prescribed task. Here we tested whether they can influence the spatial breadth of attention. Experiment 1 tested whether small task-irrelevant emotionally-salient stimuli contracted attentional breadth when the task required a broad focus, while Experiment 2 tested whether large task-irrelevant emotionally-salient stimuli expanded attentional breadth when the task required a narrow focus. Both experiments compared the effect of negative and positive emotionally-salient images against neutral, and examined the role of participants’ self-reported experiences of negative affect. Both experiments revealed slower responses following large emotionally-salient images, an effect unrelated to attentional breadth. Experiment 1 demonstrated an interaction between accuracy and negative affect, such that individuals with high levels of negative affect were less accurate at identifying global targets following both negative and positive small images, but not following neutral small images. This suggests that these small task-irrelevant emotionally-salient images contracted attentional breadth. Experiment 2 suggested that large task-irrelevant emotionally-salient images did not expand attentional breadth. We discuss how these results cannot be explained by existing models of emotion-based effects on attention and cognition, and the important implications they have for the practicalities of model-testing.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and aggression among post-9/11 veterans: The role of shame

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often accompanied by elevated aggression. PTSD and combat exposure alone do not fully explain the reliable finding of heightened aggression among trauma-exposed veterans. Shame may be an important affective feature in this relationship. The present study examined the role of shame from a social hierarchy theoretical perspective in a sample of 52 combat veterans from the post-9/11 era. Correlational analyses indicated moderately strong positive relationships among PTSD, shame, and aggression. Trait shame was found to significantly mediate the relationship between total PTSD severity and physical aggression, but not other forms of aggression. For veterans within the context of a hierarchical military culture, separation from the military and PTSD diagnosis may be very salient markers of social loss and social exclusion. Aggression may operate to reduce the negative affective experience associated with shame and to regain social standing. Findings implicate shame as an important emotional component in the relationship between PTSD and aggression.

Personal Resources and Organizational Outcomes: Sex as a Moderator of the Complex Relationships Between Self-Esteem, Heart Rate Variability, and Work-Related Exhaustion.

Global self-esteem represents a protective personal resource lowering the risk of psychological distress. Research conducted in the work setting has confirmed the psychosocial benefits of high self-esteem. However, research linking self-esteem to neurobiological adaptability appears quite scarce. In this study, we propose a theoretical model in which self-esteem predicts work-related exhaustion indirectly, through the mediation of heart rate variability (HRV) and negative affect at work. Moreover, we explore the relationship between self-esteem and HRV. From one side, one would expect a positive link between self-esteem and HRV, signaling higher autonomic adaptability. However, recent studies have shown that in women, such associations become more complex, with even reversed patterns as compared with that in men. Thus, we included sex as a moderator of the relationship between HRV and self-esteem. The model was tested on a sample of 110 individuals working in the relational professions (54% males; Mage = 42.6, SD = 13.73), observed for an entire workday. Results confirmed the protective role of self-esteem against the experience of negative affect and (indirectly) work-related exhaustion. Symptoms of exhaustion at work were also negatively predicted by HRV, and both HRV and negative affect acted as mediators of the relationship between self-esteem and work-related exhaustion. Notably, sex differences emerged in the association between global self-esteem and cardiac vagal tone at work: in women, self-esteem was negatively related to HRV, which in turn led to higher work-related exhaustion, whereas in men, no evidence of this indirect effect appeared. Burnout prevention programs should not ignore important sex differences in how individuals respond to work-related stress.

Psychotic experiences in daily-life in adolescents and young adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic condition associated with a markedly increased risk for psychosis. Psychotic experiences are classically evaluated by clinical interviews that give little information about these symptoms' fluctuation in daily-life. The current study aims to investigate these phenomena using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), a structured diary technique that collects real-life measures in the everyday-life context, and to examine how these manifestations relate to a gold standard semi-structured assessment of psychotic experiences.Eighty-six individuals with 22q11DS as well as healthy controls (HC) aged 11-27 years were recruited. They completed a 6-day EMA protocol assessing momentary psychotic experiences as well as positive and negative affect. The presence of (attenuated) psychotic symptoms was assessed in 22q11DS participants with the SIPS interview.Participants with 22q11DS reported more intense (p = .005) and more frequent (p = .006) momentary psychotic experiences than HC. Significant associations between negative affect and momentary psychotic experiences were observed in both groups (p = .001). In participants with 22q11DS, more intense (p = <.001) and more frequent (p = <.001) momentary psychotic experiences measured by EMA were associated with the severity of SIPS positive symptoms. Participants with 22q11DS reporting at least attenuated positive symptoms of psychosis on the SIPS had more intense (p = .027) and more frequent (p = .023) momentary psychotic experiences than participants with 22q11DS without psychotic symptoms.This study highlights the validity of EMA to assess psychotic experiences in the context of daily-life and sets correspondence between EMA and the SIPS. Furthermore, it expands our current understanding of the associations between mood and psychotic experiences.

Chronic stress experience, sleep, and physical activity: Relations with change in negative affect and acute stress response to a naturalistic stressor.

Prior research indicates that chronic stress increases allostatic load and alters individuals' affective response to stress. Recent studies have linked health-related behaviours including poor sleep and physical inactivity with elevated negative affect responses to stress. This study extends prior work to investigate chronic stress experience, sleep, and physical activity as predictors of negative affect and acute stress experience during acute, sustained naturalistic stress. Students (N = 637) were assessed during an academic semester and end-of-term final exam period. Self-report ratings of chronic stress experience, negative affect, acute stress experience, sleep, physical activity, demographics, and health were obtained. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined the extent to which chronic stress experience, sleep duration and sleep quality, habitual physical activity, and their interactions, predicted changes in negative affect and acute stress experience during final exams. Health-related behaviours were also examined as mediators between chronic stress experience and changes in negative affect and acute stress experience. Greater chronic stress experience and shorter exam period sleep duration, but not habitual sleep duration or physical activity, predicted greater increases in negative affect and acute stress experience. Poorer overall sleep quality was a significant predictor in these models and partially mediated the relation between chronic stress experience and negative affect and acute stress experience. Findings highlight the importance of chronic stress experience and sleep in predicting individuals' affective health during naturalistic stress. Interventions that reduce chronic stress experience and improve sleep may help individuals' buffer against impairments to affective health during these episodes.