Negative Action Research Articles

Urgensi Sila Pertama Pancasila Dalam Perkembangan Teknologi

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the urgency of the first principle of Pancasila in technological developement in the current era of increasingly rapid globalization. This research method is to use a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results of this reseacrh show that the first principles of Pancasila is very important yo implement in the curret technological era because many people are increasingly turning to the existence of God and think that technology has more influence and impact on their lives and also so that people maintain positive ethics and behavior in carrying out their daily activities. In conclusion, the Indonesian government must always socialize the importance of the first principle of Pancasila to be applied to society, so that there is no erosion of ethics and the rise of negative actions in society.

Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients with Major Depression: Role of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Insomnia Disorder, and COMISA.

In this study, the 10-year cardiovascular risk associated with comorbid sleep disorders (insomnia disorder, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and COMISA [comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea]) was investigated for patients with major depression. To enable our analysis, 607 patients with major depression were selected from the data register of the Sleep Unit. High 10-year cardiovascular risk was considered present when the Framingham Risk Score was ≥10%. The 10-year cardiovascular risk associated with comorbid sleep disorders has been assessed using logistic regression analyzes. High 10-year cardiovascular risk is significant (40.4%) in patients with major depression. After successive introduction of the different confounders, multivariate logistic regressions showed that for patients with major depression high 10-year cardiovascular risk was significantly associated with COMISA but was not significantly associated with insomnia disorder or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome alone. Thus, these results highlight the existence of a negative synergistic action between insomnia disorder and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the 10-year cardiovascular risk in patients with major depression, which demonstrates the importance of researching and treating COMISA to improve the prognosis of this specific population subgroup characterized by higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Pengaruh Bullying terhadap Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar

Bullying refers to deviant behavior that is often carried out consciously or unconsciously. Bullying is repeated aggressive and negative behavior towards someone with the aim of hurting him. Bullying is defined as negative actions carried out by a stronger party against a weaker party through the use or non-use of tools with the aim of creating physical and emotional pressure on the weaker party. The increase in bullying cases in schools shows how worrying the current condition of education in Indonesia is. The aim of this research is to find out whether bullying behavior has a significant influence on students' learning motivation and enthusiasm for learning. We hope this can help schools know how big the impact of bullying is at school and help victims overcome the problems and risks of bullying. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review or SRL method, namely selecting each journal or previous research and getting results in the form of references for models/ideas that will be developed in the future. The results of this research show that bullying has a big influence on students' learning motivation, this is characterized by not having the courage to participate actively in the learning process and showing low interest in lessons. Bullying behavior significantly affects elementary school students' learning motivation. Students who experience bullying tend to show lower levels of motivation, loss of interest in learning, and lack of confidence in their academic abilities.

Higher-order nonlocal approach to classical and quantum mechanics through non-standard Lagrangians: The case of quantum wells and the quantum states of neutron in earth’s gravitational field

It is well-known that any dynamical system governed by a differential equation containing time derivatives higher than second order unavoidably holds unbounded energy solutions, dubbed ghosts that appear in the Hamiltonian. They correspond to instabilities displayed at the classical level. In this study, we show first that it is possible to construct in classical mechanics, characterized by non-standard Lagrangians and nonlocal-in-time kinetic energy, higher-order derivative theories that avoid the Ostrogradsky ghost. Second, we show that in the realm of quantum mechanics, higher-order discretized energies emerge in the theory which may lead to extended quantum mechanics formalism. The problem of quantum wells has been treated where we showed that negative energy and negative action, complexified energies and complexified actions may emerge in our formalism. We have also discussed the quantum motion of a neutron in the Earth’s gravitational field. It was observed that within the realm of higher-order non-standard Lagrangians, the quantum energies of the neutrons are higher than the energy levels obtained in the basic formalism.

Positive and negative affirmative action

Affirmative action continues to divide. My aim in this article is to present participants in the debate with a new distinction, namely one between negative and positive affirmative action. Whereas positive affirmative action has to do with certain goods, such as a place at a prestigious university or a job at a prestigious company, negative affirmative action has to do with certain bads, such as a firing or a sentence. I then argue that some of the most prominent arguments in favor of affirmative action speak at least as much in favor of negative as positive affirmative action. At the same time, at least one of the most prominent arguments put forward against affirmative action speaks less against negative affirmative action. Thus, the article should redraw the battle lines in the affirmative action debate.

Intracellular Allosteric Antagonist of the Olfactory Receptor OR51E2.

Olfactory receptors are members of class A (rhodopsin-like) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their expression and function have been increasingly studied in nonolfactory tissues, and many have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. In this manuscript, we focus on the discovery of novel ligands for the olfactory receptor family 51 subfamily E2 (OR51E2). We performed an artificial intelligence-based virtual drug screen of a ∼2.2 million small molecule library. Cell-based functional assay identified compound 80 (C80) as an antagonist and inverse agonist, and detailed pharmacological analysis revealed C80 acts as a negative allosteric modulator by significantly decreasing the agonist efficacy, while having a minimal effect on receptor affinity for agonist. C80 binds to an allosteric binding site formed by a network of nine residues localized in the intracellular parts of transmembrane domains 3, 5, 6, 7, and H8, which also partially overlaps with a G protein binding site. Mutational experiments of residues involved in C80 binding uncovered the significance of the C2406.37 position in blocking the activation-related conformational change and keeping the receptor in the inactive form. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the negative allosteric action of C80 on agonist-ctivated OR51E2. We believe the identification of the antagonist of OR51E2 will enable a multitude of studies aiming to determine the functional role of this receptor in specific biologic processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: OR51E2 has been implicated in various biological processes, and its antagonists that can effectively modulate its activity have therapeutic potential. Here we report the discovery of a negative allosteric modulator of OR51E2 and provide a mechanistic understanding of its action. We demonstrate that this modulator has an inhibitory effect on the efficacy of the agonist for the receptor and reveal a network of nine residues that constitute its binding pocket, which also partially overlaps with the G protein binding site.

Teachers’ Strategies: Can It Prevent Bullying to Early Childhoods in Preschool Education?

Bullying is an action of verbal and non-verbal violences done repeatedly by a person to another. This study aims to determine the forms of bullying carried out by early childhood and teachers’ strategies applied to overcome bullying behavior in preschool education. The method used in this study is a qualitative under a descriptive approach. The findings of the present study show that bullying carried out by early childhoods is in the forms of aggressive and negative actions such as kicking, pinching, hitting, taunting, and pushing friends. In addition, the strategies used by the teachers to prevent bullying behavior to the early childhood are carried out through several steps: (1) the teachers conducted anti-bullying during the teaching and learning process through storytelling method using hand puppet as media related to bullying material, (2) the teachers invited the early childhoods to sing the song to know anti-bullying, (3) the teachers communicated to the parents about the dangers of bullying, (4) the teachers invited the parents to understand well their early childhood’s character, (5) the teachers invited the parents to participate in parenting program, (6) the teachers advised and supervised the early childhoods when they are at school, (7) the teachers provided strict policy against bullying behavior. In conclusion, bullying behavior can be prevented earlier through instilling character education and implement seven strategies such as mentioned above.

Peran Komunikasi Antarpribadi dalam mengatasi Perundungan pada Anak

School bullying is a grave concern prevalent in both societal and educational realms. It encompasses negative actions perpetrated by one or more individuals aiming to harm, intimidate, or assert power over others, leading to physical, verbal, or psychological harm. As defined by Smith and Brain (2017), bullying constitutes a series of deliberate acts targeting individuals to inflict physical, verbal, or psychological distress. The distressing reality of bullying recently unfolded in an elementary school in Palembang, resulting in profound detrimental effects on the victims. This incident underscores the urgent need for comprehensive measures to address and prevent bullying in educational settings. It necessitates fostering a culture of empathy, respect, and inclusion, coupled with robust intervention strategies and support systems to safeguard the well-being of all students. Only through concerted efforts can schools ensure a safe and nurturing environment conducive to learning and personal growth

VERBAL COMMUNICATION STYLE OF PUBLIC FIGURES ON SOCIAL MEDIA: RESPONSES OF GENERATION Z IN LAMONGAN AS FANS

Social media seems to be a means for society to communicate and convey aspirations, inspiration, and innovation to social media users. The communication styles used vary on social media. The aim of this research is to find out the response of the people in Lamongan, especially Generation Z, who are active in social media, and to find out the influence of social media in the 5.0 era on the daily verbal communication style on social media by Generation Z in Lamongan Regency. The problem in this case is that the verbal communication style of idols or public figures is very influential. Generation Z is experiencing an addiction that makes them not want to be separated from gadgets, resulting in low socialization with other people, people who lack focus, and people whose social skills are very weak. A Google Form questionnaire was used to collect data, and the method was quantitative-descriptive with information from books, journals, online articles, and previous publications. Research findings show that Generation Z in Lamongan Regency does not follow bad verbal communication styles on social media. Generation Z in Lamongan Regency will not pay attention to negative actions such as insulting, cursing, backbiting, and sarcasm carried out by idols or public figures they like and will only consider them as material for jokes and entertainment. is in accordance with digital ethics. This research is strengthened by the use and gratification theory as a reference for uncovering this problem.

Adolescent Depression: Impact of Family Relations

Depression is a major mental disorder that affects numerous people and causes them to experience depressive episodes. The root of depression usually appears in people’s teenage years. Research have shown that family relations, in particular, has the largest impact on the development and manifestation of depressive symptoms in teenagers. After reviewing pertinent literature, the specific components in family relations that are risk factors and protective factors for depressive symptoms in adolescents are identified. The risk factors for depressive symptoms in teenagers are mostly correlated with negative family emotions and actions, which includes parental criticism and expressed emotions, parental depression, lack of family cohesion and adaptability, lack of parental care, negative family emotional climate, and lack of physical affection and verbal intimacy. The protective factors revolve around adolescents’ ability to recognize and manage negative emotions, which includes emotion regulation, positive family climate and social support, emotion coaching, emotion clarity, and cooperative communication. Four recommendations for parents are offered based on these observed risk factors and protective factors to hinder and prevent the development of depression adolescents. These recommendations are social support, positive family atmosphere, physical affection, and verbal affection. It is hoped that studies in the future can focus on investigating the effectiveness of these recommendations and provide a more detailed and reliable list of recommendations for parents to reduce the chances of depression development in their children.

Understanding the World Economy and the Politics of Central Banks

In this paper we are dealing with a very important and sensitive aspect of our days, which influences the life and businesses, that is the monetary policies emerged from central banks. We are living challenging times and the circulatory system of the economy, that is monetary one, is needed to be carefully followed, stage by stage, in order to react promptly to the possible disruptions in business activities. Our knowledge in the field of Economics and the experience as a bank customer, we’ve tried to highlight the importance of the information provided and the feedback from the market, on short or medium term, and the necessity of being cautious in monetary-financial affairs, in order to mitigate the influences of negative factors/challenges as much as possible, both for people and firms. Given this desired situation, it is needed, and we support this, to understand what is communicate through diverse media channels, press releases, other declarations, in order to ensure the quick adjustments of actions and the well functioning of all parts of the economic system. The data presented can say more, or they can say nothing, consequently people/firms are needed to prevent possible future negative actions and effects, by understanding these information and press releases.

Human behavior: philosophical and legal discourse

The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal problems of human behavior in the context of axiological aspects of anthropocentrism, which consists in observing human rights and freedoms and ensuring the principle of human dignity.
 It is emphasized that the dynamic development of society affects the understanding and interpretation of the criterion of "permissibility" in behavior. The worldview and value attitudes and orientations of a person in society are changing, which causes substantial changes in the perception of legal phenomena as phenomena of social reality.
 It was found that legal behavior is human behavior regulated by legal norms. It can be legal or illegal. Accordingly, the law either supports and encourages such behavior (lawful), or, on the contrary, considers it inadmissible, as it violates the norms of cohabitation (illegal).
 It is emphasized that many scientists support the approach that lawful behavior does not require effort, but only involves the individual's refraining from negative actions. It was noted that such detention is not difficult for a person who was formed in a legal environment where those around him were law-abiding citizens, but on the contrary, it is the norm, but there is another type of person, for whom an environment with illegal goals and attitudes was an example. For such people, in order not to fall under the influence of a marginal, and sometimes criminal environment, it is necessary to make maximum efforts, sometimes even associated with danger to life and health.
 It is noted that in the legal sphere there is a rather dangerous behavior of the so-called "double standards", when a person in general allegedly observes the rules of coexistence in society, observes the norms of the law and moral prescriptions, but believes that some norms and standards can be violated due to the fact that the damage from their violation is not significant.
 Attention is focused on the fact that the value of human behavior lies in its implementation in a legitimate direction, through compliance with the norms of law and social morality inherent in a certain society at a specific stage of its development.

Two roads leading to the same evaluative conditioning effect? Stimulus-response binding versus operant conditioning

ABSTRACT Evaluative Conditioning (EC) refers to changes in our liking or disliking of a stimulus due to its pairing with other positive or negative stimuli. In addition to stimulus-based mechanisms, recent research has shown that action-based mechanisms can also lead to EC effects. Research, based on action control theories, has shown that pairing a positive or negative action with a neutral stimulus results in EC effects (Stimulus-Response binding). Similarly, research studies using Operant Conditioning (OC) approaches have also observed EC effects. The aim of the present study is to directly compare EC effects elicited by two different response-based approaches – S-R bindings and OC. To this end, participants were randomly assigned to an S-R binding procedure and an OC procedure. EC effects were measured in conditions and compared. Implications for EC theory are discussed.

TÜrkiye'nin COVID-19 Sırasında ve Sonrasındaki Turizm Başarısı

The number of tourists and tourism revenues announced every year is very important for countries whose economy depends on tourism. Within the scope of this study, Türkiye's tourism success during and post-COVID-19 has been revealed in the light of the data published by the UNWTO. The main research question of this study is “What might a country have done to achieve what they have achieved in the field of tourism?” In this study, Rutler's (2021) tourism success model was used and the positive and negative actions of Türkiye during the year were evaluated. Policies, prohibitions, incentives, discounts, that is, various areas that can affect the success of tourism have been researched. Tourism success model consists of 4 main titles. In this study, Türkiye's tourism and planning are examined under the titles of Politics, Environment, Economics, and Social/Cultural. The top ten countries which hosted the most tourists were included in the study's purview. The most striking result of the study is that while the effects of the pandemic decrease and the world heal its wounds, Turkey ranks first in hosting tourists with an increase of 88 percent.

Towards Reducing the Consumption of Drinking Water in Buildings as Part of the Circular Economy Model: Strengths–Weaknesses–Opportunities–Threats Analysis and Perspectives for Implementation

Progressive climate changes, drought resulting from them and the prospect of problems with access to water for people in cities mean that actions are being taken to minimize water use in buildings and to implement a circular economy in the water and wastewater sector. Within the water circular economy model, there is also a stage of “water consumption”. Minimizing water use in buildings undoubtedly has a number of advantages. However, it should be borne in mind that it may also have weaknesses, and if implemented on a large scale, it may be associated with certain threats. For these reasons, the aim of this paper is to critically analyze the possible directions of water management in buildings in order to reduce water consumption and increase the efficiency of its use. As part of the introduction, the model “towards a water circular economy for households” is presented and the possibilities of minimizing water consumption in buildings are discussed. The prospects for reducing the consumption of tap water are discussed in terms of existing opportunities, but also threats, barriers and limitations. A SWOT analysis of the implementation of drinking-water consumption reduction in cities is presented. The challenges faced by engineers, constructors, policy makers and consumers, and the potentialities for the development of this stage of the water life cycle, are considered. The conclusions summarize the current state and perspectives of water management in buildings. Based on the conducted analysis, suggested directions of activities for cities of the future in the technical, technological as well as socio-economic fields are indicated. There should be broad-based education, and efforts should be made to change the approach to designing and developing new guidelines. The implementation of minimizing water consumption should be accompanied by the control of possible negative effects and actions to mitigate them. In the transformation towards clean and available energy, future success should be seen in minimizing the consumption of drinking water in buildings.

Emotions and Motivation from the Perspective of Science and Religion

Every human being must have emotions and motivation to survive because both have such a big influence. Emotions and motivation have their own meanings and theories from the perspective of Science and religion. If the two are linked then the power of a person to act is higher, both positive and negative actions. Emotions and motivation also affect the components of human physiology. It is arranged so that humans can control their actions in the life of the nation and state. The main factors of human needs, both physical and non-physical, are influenced by emotions and motivations arising from the human being. Emotions often do not appear physically but can be seen through the way a person behaves. Therefore, emotions are difficult to describe. The same applies to motivation, which is the background for a person's actions to meet the desired goal. Actions performed based on motivation are also performed consciously. This article was created to find out the scientific understanding of emotions and motivation from the point of view of Science and religion

Training of transport drivers improves their handling of pigs during loading for transport to slaughter

Pig transport drivers’ (TDs’) handling actions are of great importance as these drivers handle a large number of finishing pigs during stressful situations. Poor handling techniques can have negative consequences for working conditions, pig welfare and meat quality. We studied the effects of a training intervention on Swedish TDs’ attitudes towards pigs and their handling actions during loading for transport to slaughter. Twenty TDs working with commercial pig transportation in Sweden were recruited and completed an attitude questionnaire. Ten of them were observed during one loading of pigs before training, and one or two loadings after training (49–265 pigs per loading), and eight of them completed the attitude questionnaire again 50–160 days after training. The cognitive-behavioural training program ProHand Pigs® was adapted and delivered to the ten TDs during a group session, followed by individual meetings. TDs’ handling actions were video recorded and summarised as binary variables per 5-s interval. Factor analysis, principal component analysis and paired t-test were conducted to investigate the effects of the training intervention on TDs’ attitudes, and mixed-effects logistic models were used to examine effects on negative and positive handling actions. Training tended to decrease TDs’ beliefs that it is important to move pigs quickly (P = 0.095). Training decreased the odds of a ‘moderately to strongly negative’ action by 55% (P = 0.0013) and increased the odds of a ‘positive’ action by 97% (P < 0.0001). This study provides valuable insights into the possibilities to improve TDs’ handling actions, and implications for pig welfare during slaughter transport. The study supports previous findings that the attitudes and behaviour of handlers can be improved by cognitive-behavioural training. While our previous research has shown reciprocal relationships between TDs’ actions and pig behaviour, further research on TDs’ attitudes towards handling that underlie the nature of their behaviour when handling pigs is necessary to fine-tune the cognitive-behavioural training program applied in the present study.

Antifungal Activity of Selected Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka Against Candida Infections

Candida infections have been recorded as an emerging health concern among immune- compromised patients, infants and pregnant women in Asia, Africa and Europe. Skin diseases, genital infections, candidiasis and candidemia caused by overgrowth of symbiotic Candida species in the human body are treated by antifungal drugs. The common drugs viz., fluconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B, nystatin, etc. are responsible for more side effects in the human body while Candida species are indicating a resistance towards them. Therefore, the continuous discovery of antifungal compounds against Candida infections is an essential process. Thus, the current study focused on the determination of the antifungal activity of water extracts of selected indigenous medicinal plants in Sri Lanka towards Candida infections. Three common indigenous medicinal plants; Cyperus rotundus (roots, tubers, leaves and flowers), Acalipha indica (roots, stem, leaves and flowers) and Aloe barbadensis Miller (gel and leaves) were collected and their water extracts (10 g/25 mL) were screened for the antifungal activity against two common Candida species; Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis using disk diffusion method. Briefly, the pathogenic bacterial lawns were prepared by spreading equalized solutions of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis on Muller Hinton Agar supplemented with 2% glucose. Sterile paper disks soaked with 30 µL of water extracts of each plant part were placed on pathogen lawns. Sterile distilled water was used as the negative control. The plates were incubated at 37° C overnight and observed for clear zone formation. According to the results, the water extract of C. rotundus tubers indicated an inhibitory action by giving clear inhibition zones against both tested Candida species. All other water extracts of medicinal plants indicated negative inhibitory actions against tested Candida species. The results revealed that C. rotundus tubers consist of antifungal activity against C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. Hence, C. rotundus tubers can be used as an effective treatment for infections caused by the tested Candida species.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Antifungal activity, Candida infections, Indigenous medicinal plants, Cyperusrotundus, Water extracts&#x0D;

The antiarrhythmic activity of amino acid-containing derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone

In recent times, the issue of cardiac arrhythmia disturbances has garnered increasing attention from researchers. Pharmacotherapy continues to be the primary method for treating rhythm disturbances; however, its effectiveness is often limited due to the common side effects associated with many antiarrhythmic drugs, among which negative inotropic action plays a significant role. One direction in the development of antiarrhythmic agents involves the targeted search for new drugs among agents with metabolic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiarrhythmic activity using models of occlusion and reperfusion arrhythmias in cats, aconitine arrhythmias in rats, and calcium chloride ventricular fibrillation in rats of five original amino acid-containing derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone, synthesized at the Lviv Polytechnic Institute under the guidance of Ph.D. A.P. Kartoflitska. The conducted research indicated that the studied compounds exhibit antiarrhythmic effects. The enhancement of the antiarrhythmic activity occurred primarily in those arrhythmia models where metabolic disorders play a significant role in the pathogenesis.

Direct modulation of TRPC ion channels by Gα proteins.

GPCR-Gi protein pathways are involved in the regulation of vagus muscarinic pathway under physiological conditions and are closely associated with the regulation of internal visceral organs. The muscarinic receptor-operated cationic channel is important in GPCR-Gi protein signal transduction as it decreases heart rate and increases GI rhythm frequency. In the SA node of the heart, acetylcholine binds to the M2 receptor and the released Gβγ activates GIRK (I(K,ACh)) channel, inducing a negative chronotropic action. In gastric smooth muscle, there are two muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes, M2 and M3. M2 receptor activates the muscarinic receptor-operated nonselective cationic current (mIcat, NSCC(ACh)) and induces positive chronotropic effect. Meanwhile, M3 receptor induces hydrolysis of PIP2 and releases DAG and IP3. This IP3 increases intracellular Ca2+ and then leads to contraction of GI smooth muscles. The activation of mIcat is inhibited by anti-Gi/o protein antibodies in GI smooth muscle, indicating the involvement of Gαi/o protein in the activation of mIcat. TRPC4 channel is a molecular candidate for mIcat and can be directly activated by constitutively active Gαi QL proteins. TRPC4 and TRPC5 belong to the same subfamily and both are activated by Gi/o proteins. Initial studies suggested that the binding sites for G protein exist at the rib helix or the CIRB domain of TRPC4/5 channels. However, recent cryo-EM structure showed that IYY58-60 amino acids at ARD of TRPC5 binds with Gi3 protein. Considering the expression of TRPC4/5 in the brain, the direct G protein activation on TRPC4/5 is important in terms of neurophysiology. TRPC4/5 channels are also suggested as a coincidence detector for Gi and Gq pathway as Gq pathway increases intracellular Ca2+ and the increased Ca2+ facilitates the activation of TRPC4/5 channels. More complicated situation would occur when GIRK, KCNQ2/3 (IM) and TRPC4/5 channels are co-activated by stimulation of muscarinic receptors at the acetylcholine-releasing nerve terminals. This review highlights the effects of GPCR-Gi protein pathway, including dopamine, μ-opioid, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, on various oragns, and it emphasizes the importance of considering TRPC4/5 channels as crucial players in the field of neuroscience.