Need For More Training Research Articles

Centering Racialized Educators in Collaborative Teacher Education: The Development of the Intersectionally Conscious Collaboration Protocol

The intersectionally conscious collaboration protocol for teacher educators (ICC-TE) expands on existing models of collaboration by drawing from intersectionality as conceptualized by Black feminist theorists, collaborative teacher education, and frameworks for stakeholders to establish and maintain ethical, student-centered relationships. The ICC-TE promotes approaches that honor sociocultural differences, model collaboration, and support the development of these practices in preservice teacher education. The authors analyzed the responses of four Latina teacher educators at a predominately white teacher preparation program and teaching artifacts created while using the ICC-TE as they co-taught a special education course. As a result of this study, the researchers refined the protocol. All participants indicated the need for more training on intersectionality, for both teacher educators of color and their white colleagues. A connecting thread across all sources of data was how institutional culture and faculty morale shaped collegiality.

Barriers to implementation of placental transfusion of babies at birth in Zambia.

Delayed cord clamping (DCC) and umbilical cord milking (CM) have many benefits. However, a previous study done in Zambia showed that it was not a common practice among midwives. This study investigated possible barriers to DCC and CM, at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka. This was a qualitative study. A convenience sample was chosen, and snowball sampling was used. The midwives were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Burnard's method of thematic content analysis was used. Through 14 interviews it became clear that the midwives were aware of DCC and used it whenever possible. The participants reported that the main barriers were the high workload and a variation in knowledge. A lack of facilities, such as heaters and resuscitation equipment in the delivery room also led to earlier cord clamping. The midwives were motivated to continue improving the routines. They expressed a need for more training as well as equipment and resources to facilitate DCC.

Requirements Meet Reality: Finnish Teachers’ Practices in Linguistically Diverse Classrooms

ABSTRACT The current Finnish core curriculum requires all teachers in basic education to be linguistically responsive. However, studies on the linguistically responsive practices used by teachers are scarce. The frequency with which teachers (N = 820) use 21 linguistically responsive practices was investigated through data that were gathered via an online survey. Based on factor analysis, teachers’ practices formed four categories: identifying language demands, linguistic scaffolding, explicit attention to language, and additional semiotic systems scaffolding. Teachers reported using the latter the most. Of teachers’ background factors, teaching experience of 2–5 years was linked to more frequent use of students’ interests to plan teaching compared to 0–2 or more than 10 years of experience. The results point out a need for more training in linguistically responsive teaching practices for in-service teachers, as experience is not linked to growth trajectories.

Teachers’ perceptions of Content and Language Integrated Learning in primary schools in Andalucía

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has been deemed to be a promising and innovative approach to teaching foreign languages and has received unanimous endorsement by virtually all educational authorities in the European Union. Yet, notwithstanding the numerous benefits the programme offers, it is not free from difficulties. Thus, the main objective of this qualitative study was to examine the teachers’ perceptions of CLIL implementation with the major focus on the shortcomings detected and outlined in the previous studies. Data were obtained from an ad hoc online questionnaire filled out by 203 in-service teachers from bilingual English primary schools in the eight provinces of Andalusia (i.e., Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Sevilla) in the year 2020. The picture emerging from the results of the study is not positive as it reflects growing concern over the paucity of teacher training programmes, insufficient coordination, lack of attention to diversity, inadequate textbook design, and above all, students’ low English proficiency and class size, factors which might impede the proper development of the programme. Moreover, content teachers as well as those with lower language competence and less experience in teaching appear to be in dire need of more training and support.

ضوابط حماية الحق في حرية التنقل وسلامة الجسد أثناء إجراء القبض: دراسة مقارنة بين النظام السعودي والقانون الإماراتي

International and local efforts in Gulf countries in general and in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia in particular have focused on providing a supportive legal environment for the protection of rights and freedoms, in particular the right to freedom of movement and the right to physical integrity. This research aims to clarify the availability of the regulatory protection of the right to freedom of movement and the right to physical integrity in international law. It also discusses and analyzes the regulatory protection of the right to freedom of movement and the right to physical integrity in the Saudi legal system and UAE law, and what violation of these two rights arrest procedures, as a criminal investigation procedure, may cause. The research focused on discussing the legal, personal, and temporal controls to protect the right to freedom of movement, and the regulation on good treatment and physical integrity within a time frame of arrest to protect the right to physical integrity during arrest. The research found a great deal of protection, with the need for more training of the competent authority to avoid any transgression against either of the two rights. It recommended that some regulations and legal texts should be amended to ensure protection in an optimal way.

Determinants of utilisation of tomato value addition technology among beneficiaries in Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract Value addition is essential in the tomato value chain, especially in the wake of an increasing rate of tomato postharvest loss. Both governmental and non-governmental organisations have trained small-scale entrepreneurs on Tomato Value Addition Technology (TVAT). A dearth of information on the utilisation of TVAT necessitated this study. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 142 respondents. Data were elicited from respondents with the aid of a questionnaire and analysed using frequency counts, percentages, multiple linear regression, and multivariate probit model at α 0.05. The results revealed that most (54.9 %) of the respondents had a high level of knowledge on TVAT and a favourable attitude (60.6 %) towards TVAT. However, the level of utilisation of TVAT was low (69.7 %). Lack of funds (68.3 %), NAFDAC registration requirements (66.9 %), and high cost of processing equipment (57.0 %) were prominent constraints militating against utilisation of TVAT. Constraints to the utilisation of TVAT (β = −0.395), age (β = −0.022), and income (β = 0.095) determined the utilisation of TVAT. Membership in a cooperative society (β = 0.221), income (β = 0.375) and constraints (β = −0.213) predicted the utilisation of tomato paste. Educational qualification (β = 0.132), cooperative society (β = 0.059), income (β = 0.336), and knowledge of TVAT (β = 0.229) predicted the utilisation of ketchup. Age (β = −0.112), income (β = 0.026), years of experience (β = 0.031), knowledge of TVAT (β = 0.311), and constraints (β = −0.093) predicted the utilisation of puree, whereas factors associated with the utilisation of dry slice tomato technology, were age (β = 0.107), marital status (β = 0.050), household size (β = 0.042) and years of experience (β = 0.219). Adequate funding is a sine qua non to the sustainability of agricultural technologies. The study recommended the need for more training on the utilisation of the technology, encouragement to form cooperative groups to facilitate easy access to funds, and establishment of cottage industry among stakeholders.

Knowledge and Perceptions towards Act Use in the First Trimester of Pregnancy among Pregnant Women Attending ANC Clinic in Siaya County

Aim: We aim to assess and evaluate the knowledge and perception of pregnant women towards ACT use in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The Study was conducted in Siaya County, Western Kenya from January 2019 to Dec 2019. Pregnant women who had attended ANC clinic in the two hospitals were recruited and semi-structured questionnaires were administered to them to obtain socio-demographic information and knowledge of ACT use in the first trimester of pregnancy. Results: Most participants 90%, knew at least one type of ACT (Artemether Lumefantrine), the most common malaria drug in the region, and could name at least two common malaria symptoms fever 92.3% and shivering 82.8%. Majority of the participants who stated that they had been exposed to malaria stated to have been prescribed AL for treatment and reported nausea 22.78% and dizziness 19.41% as the most common side effects experienced after consuming the drugs. There was low awareness of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to exposure to ACTs in the first trimester of pregnancy Conclusion: The most common ACT used for malaria treatment was AL. Most pregnant women had little knowledge about the effects of using an Artemisinin-based combination for malaria treatment in the first trimester of pregnancy. There is a need for more training for pregnant women, community health volunteers, and healthcare professionals on the proper use of ACT during pregnancy.

The Tendencies of Mathematics' Teaching Staff Members in Saudi Arabia Towards Using "Blackboard" in University Teaching and Their Training Requirements: اتجاهات أعضاء هيئة تدريس الرياضيات بالجامعات السعودية نحو استخدام منصة Blackboard في التعليم الجامعي واحتياجاتهم التدريبية

The extract This study aims to detect the tendencies of the mathematics teaching staff in Saudi universities towards using the E- learning management system " Blackboard" in learning and university teaching. And it asks for their training requirements and if there are statistically significant differences between the responds of the sample studies individuals among universities teaching staff. It is about using blackboards in teaching Mathematics that could be attributed to gender variable, academic degree as well as their training background. So, for achieving this objective, the researcher has used the descriptive approach and she used " questionnaire" as a studying tool. The study sample is made up of) 73( teaching member staff whom the "questionnaire" has been sent to them Research's results showed that the tendencies' overall average for teaching member staff is positive with (2.66) percentage. Similarly, the study has shown positive results towards the need for more training on the use of the blackboard system. The study identified a set of recommendations; the most significant is related to: scaling up this experience in all Saudi universities. Beside providing the continuous and intensive training for the teaching staff members and students on the use of the E-learning management system " Blackboard".

Evaluation of Knowledge About Anaphylaxis in Dentistry and Medical Faculty Students; Need for More Training

Objective: Anaphylaxis is a serious reaction that needs rapid intervention. However, some healthcare professionals may have inadequate knowledge about anaphylaxis to manage this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about anaphylaxis in dentistry students (DS) in comparison with medical school ones (MS). Materials and Methods: Students were recruited from the Dentistry (n=81) and Medical (n=144) Faculties of the University Hospital. The level of knowledge about anaphylaxis was evaluated by using a questionnaire with 26 items that was used previously. Results: The overall response rate was 89.9%. One tenth of the study group had ever encountered a case with anaphylaxis, but 2.8% of them stated that they had involved in the treatment by themselves. Almost all of the participants stated that allergy might be a life-threatening reaction. Additionally, 43.3% reported that they had epinephrine in their department. DS knew less than MS about the primary use of epinephrine after assessing the airway, breathing and circulation in the treatment of anaphylaxis, and even in suspicious cases (59.3% vs. 98.6%, and 42% vs. 94.4%, all p<0.001). DS had significantly less knowledge about anaphylaxis treatment and epinephrine application than medical ones (all p <0.001). Furthermore, the information of that “the minimum duration for re-administration of epinephrine as 10 minutes” was known by the half of MS, and one fourth of DS (p<0.001). The appropriate follow-up duration of patients with anaphylaxis was unknown in half of DS, and one fifth of MS (p<0.001). Even though MS had a higher rate of knowledge about the responsible and closest department dealing with anaphylaxis than dental students (p=0.02), DS were more aware of referring the patient with anaphylaxis to an allergy clinic (77.8% vs. 62.9%, p<0.001). Almost all MS had heard about the epinephrine auto-injector, in contrast to one third of the DS (p<0.001). Most of the participants, but mainly the MS knew that anaphylaxis could be diagnosed clinically. The case questions about diagnosis of anaphylaxis related to local anesthetic and beta-lactam antibiotic use were answered correctly in a higher rate in MS than DS (p=0.01 and p<0.001), whereas the rate of correct diagnosis of anaphylaxis following a bee sting was similar between the groups. Conclusion: This study showed the gaps about the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis not only in MS, but also in dentistry ones. It is possible to encounter a case of anaphylaxis for every student during clinical practice in the future. Thus, education about anaphylaxis should be included in the national dentistry core education programme and be improved in the medical school as well. Keywords: Anaphylaxis, epinephrine, student, medical, denta

Training of trainers in the GI‐mhGAP dementia module: National training experience in Mexico

AbstractBackgroundThe GI‐mhGAP (WHO) is an evidence‐based clinical guideline for the assessment and management of mental, neurological and substance use disorders (MNS) in non‐specialist health settings, which aims to improve capacity for the identification, diagnosis, management and treatment of people with MNS disorders. In Mexico, a national network of facilitators is being established to train non‐specialist mental health providers at the first level of care. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present how participants perceive themselves in the assessment, management and follow‐up of people with dementia, as well as to provide a replication of this course to primary care personnel.MethodThe sample consisted of 651 participants (doctors, psychologists, nurses and social workers) who were in the virtual training course for facilitators in the GI‐mhGAP given between September‐November 2020, and completed the digital feedback form. Responses were aggregated in a database and analysed using the 'topicmodel' (Grün & Hornik, 2011) and 'tidytext' in R (R Core Team, 2020).ResultsThe sample consisted of 474 (72.81%) women and 177 (27.19%) men, with a mean age of 39.9 (SD=8.13). Regarding the perceived self‐efficacy for the assessment of the condition in their daily practice 70.04% (n=456) felt confident to do it, 63.75% (n=415) felt confident to manage the condition; but only half of them felt confident to train other professionals (54.84%, n=357). The results of the semantic analysis reflect the importance of providing psychoeducation to caregivers and family members, as well as training in assessment based on the identification of symptoms for proper diagnosis. It highlights the need for more training on pharmacological treatment, extending its duration and reducing technical problems with the platform, as well as having more examples and clinical cases.ConclusionThe trained facilitators feel more self‐efficient in identifying and managing the condition in their daily practice, but report the need for further training to be able to replicate the dementia module in primary care providers.

Early evaluation of the transition from an analog to an electronic surgical logbook system in Sierra Leone

BackgroundSurgical logbooks are a commonly used tool for quality assurance of surgical training. Electronic logbooks are increasingly applied in low-resource settings, but there is limited research on their quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of an app-based surgical e-logbook system shortly after its implementation in a low-income country and to identify potential areas of improvement for the system.MethodsEntries in the e-logbook system were cross-checked with hospital records and categorized as matched or overreported. Moreover, the hospital records were checked for underreported procedures. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with users of the e-logbook system.ResultsA total of 278 e-logbook database entries and 379 procedures in the hospital records from 14 users were analyzed. Matches were found in the hospital records for 67.3% of the database entries. Moreover, 32.7% of the database entries were overreported and 50.7% of the procedures in the hospital records were underreported. A previous study of an analog surgical logbook system in the same setting estimated that 73.1% of the entries were matches or close matches. Interviews with 12 e-logbook users found overall satisfaction but also identified potential areas of improvement, including the need for more training in the use of the system, modifications to improve user-friendliness, and better access to the necessary technology.ConclusionsA reliable documentation system is necessary to evaluate the quality of health workforce training. The early evaluation of a surgical e-logbook system in a low-income country showed that the collected data should be approached with caution. The quantitative analysis suggests that the e-logbook system needs to be improved in terms of accuracy. In interviews, users reported that digitalization of the logbook system was a much-needed innovation but also identified important areas of improvement. Recognition of these aspects at an early stage facilitates guidance and adjustment of further implementation and might improve the accuracy of the system.

Early Intervention Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Toward a Model of Family-Centered Practices.

Early intervention services (EIS) worked hard to continue serving children and their families during the COVID-19 lockdown, using online applications. This study aimed to determine families’ and professionals’ perceptions of the functioning of the early intervention (EI) model in Spain during the pandemic. The study sample comprised two subsamples: 81 families of children attended at an EIS (72 mothers and 9 fathers) and 213 professionals recruited from EIS. The survey was conducted online several weeks after the end of the strict lockdown in Spain. Descriptive statistics of the questionnaire answered by families and professionals were compiled, comparisons were made between the families’ and the professionals’ responses, and the relationships with several sociodemographic variables were analyzed. The results indicated that parents who cared for their children and were fully responsible for housework, parents who had used telematic tools before the lockdown, and younger professionals had a more positive perception of the EI model and the incorporation of family-centered practices (FCP) during the pandemic. The results also showed statistically significant differences in some items between parents and professionals: for example, professionals perceived more advantages than families during the lockdown, quoting the greater participation of families in the intervention and a greater focus on families’ needs. The data obtained from professionals suggested a more positive attitude toward FCP: however, the results show that they continued to adopt a directive role in the intervention, a position that is at odds with the tenets of FCP. There is a clear need for more training if a paradigm shift to FCP is to be achieved. Families’ and caregivers’ perceptions of telerehabilitation, and their adherence to telerehabilitation programs, are discussed. The implications of this study with regard to guiding future telematic interventions and family support are also considered.

Characteristics of yoga providers and their sessions and students in the UK: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundEvidence shows that yoga has several health benefits including the management of stress and possibly hypertension. The popularity of yoga is growing in the UK, but it is mostly unregulated with little information available about yoga providers and their sessions and students. This study aimed to explore who is providing yoga; what sessions are available, where and at what cost; and who attends these sessions in the UK. MethodsA web-based, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was undertaken, using Jisc Online Surveys, in March 3–Sept 3, 2020, among yoga providers in the UK. Participants were eligible if they were at least 18 years old and delivered a yoga session at least once in a fortnight during the past 6 months in the UK. Participants were approached through four major yoga associations in the UK. Findings407 yoga providers (335 teachers and 67 therapists) participated. Most providers were female (93%, n=379), White (93%, n=378), and aged 45–64 years (69%, n=280). Providers delivered a mean of 4·5 (SD 3·34) group sessions and 2·8 (2·58) one-to-one sessions per week, and the mean group size was 12·2 (7·94). 80% (n=326) of providers delivered evening sessions, and 25% (n=104) weekend sessions. The most common styles reported were Hatha (28%, n=172) and Iyengar (26%, n=162). Sessions had a varying emphasis on different yogic practices, but 59% (n=242) of providers allocated most time to yogic poses, 18% (n=72) to breathing practices, and 12% (n=50) to meditation and relaxation practices. Sessions were available in all the Office for National Statistics regions of the UK. The mean cost was £7·64 (SD £3·46) per group session and £39·71 (14·78) per one-to-one session. 73% (n=299) of providers reported that students disclosed their health conditions; the most common was mental health issues (41%, n=166) followed by hypertension (25%, n=103). 87% (n=356) of providers received training on hypertension and 46% (n=186) reported a need for further training. InterpretationTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the UK providing information about yoga providers and their sessions and students. Yoga sessions are heterogeneous in the UK but there is more focus on yogic poses. People with hypertension attend these sessions, and there is a perceived need for more training on hypertension among providers. FundingGN is a PhD student, funded by the Ministry of National Education of Turkey. This research is a part of her PhD project.

Managing type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic is a team effort: a qualitative study of the experiences of young people and their parents

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their parents in accessing integrated family-centred care in the Australian Capital Territory during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods...

Multidisciplinary team perceptions about the implementation and safety of early mobilization for newborns in post-operative care

BACKGROUND: Early mobilization can be a therapeutic intervention that can prevent long-term consequences from prolonged bed rest in post-operative newborns. OBJECTIVE: Describe the knowledge of the healthcare professionals in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) about early mobilization and its safety for post-operative infants. METHODS: This research is an analytical descriptive cross-sectional study with mixed methods, performed by analyzing a questionnaire given to NICU health professionals. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 31 professionals, of which 64.5% affirm that they know what early mobilization means, most of whom defined the intervention in terms of motor activity, 83% believe it is beneficial, 77.4% consider early mobilization safe. However, 90% of the professionals showed concerns for possible adverse events, the most cited being device dislodgment and hemodynamic decompensation. The majority stated that early mobilization should be avoided when concerned about hemodynamic instability or the type of surgery. Approximately 71% affirm that they did not receive educational training for implementing early mobilization. CONCLUSION: This study showed the need for more training and education about early mobilization for professionals and the establishment of evidence-based institutional protocols.

Adherence and Related Factors in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a metabolic disease that can have multiple maternal and fetal complications. Therapeutic adherence can help controlling blood sugar and reducing its complications. This study investigates the medication adherence among pregnant women and the effective factors on it. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were referred to the endocrinology clinic of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2018. Input criteria were those over 18 years of age, and output criteria included heart, kidney, and thyroid disorders. Medication adherence was evaluated using Morisky's 6-question questionnaire (MMAS-6). Analyzes were conducted using SPSS version 21 at the significance level of less than 0.05. Based on the results, 77.9% of the women lived in the city, 65.4% had a college education, and 73.1% were housewives. 58.7% of them had good medication adherence. There was a significant relationship between adherence and glycemic control. Address and level of education had a significant relationship with medication adherence. People with higher levels of health literacy had significantly higher medication adherence. Low education level, rural residence, and low health literacy level are determinants of poor medication adherence in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, which indicates the need for more training for these people.

Doctors' Views on How to Improve Communication and Quality of Care for Patients Experiencing End-of-Life: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

(1) Background: There remains a lack of sufficient progress in enhancing quality of care for patients experiencing end-of-life. This study aimed to better understand the views of doctors on how to improve end-of-life healthcare, in light of existing challenges and processes. (2) Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used semi-structured individual interviews. Through purposive sampling, sixteen doctors from primary care (three general practices) or acute care (one National Health Service hospital trust) participated. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematic analysis conducted. (3) Results: Two main themes were identified: First, planning for patient-centred care—conversations about end-of-life care should take place earlier to allow for care that is planned and personalised. The need for more training and improvements to documenting patient wishes were highlighted. Second, delivering on patients’ wishes: improvements to the healthcare system—the importance of a record of patient wishes that can be shared across the system was identified. Improved utilisation of available resources is also needed to better deliver quality patient-centred care. (4) Conclusion: More effective communication and coordination across acute and primary care settings is needed. The importance of patient wishes and advance care planning was emphasised. More guidance at a strategic level may help provide clarity about expectations, roles and responsibilities.

Assessment of farmers’ indigenous knowledge of soil quality management practices in Ghana: A case study of crop farmers in Ada West District

The efforts to increase soil productivity has been ?eld-based experiments with little information on farmers’ indigenous knowledge of soil quality acquired through experience. This study assessed farmers’ indigenous knowledge on soil quality and fertility management practices in the Ada West District of Ghana. Two hundred-and-twelve farmers from five communities were interviewed using pre-tested questionnaires. Fifteen farmers each from four communities identified and classified their soil into high, medium and low soil quality. Thirty-six soil samples were collected based on farmers’ categorization and analysed to determine some physicochemical properties to determine the differences in soil quality categories. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to select effective indicators as the Minimum Data Set (MDS). Results showed that 89% of farmers’ use soil amendments out of which 71.1% combined organic and inorganic fertilizer, 19.6% applied only organic and 9.3% applied only inorganic fertilizer. The soil quality indicators used by farmers were based on visually observable indicators such as soil colour, presence of living organism, soil moisture, vigour plant growth, crop yield, soil texture, presence of plants and weeds, erosion and thickness of topsoil. Farmers’ soil quality categorization was contrary to the laboratory reports although soils from perceived high quality were relatively higher than medium and low. In PC1 electrical conductivity, available phosphorus, organic carbon, organic matter, calcium, and magnesium had a higher positive loading. In PC2, sand and silt had the highest factor loading while clay and sodium had the highest factor loading for PC3 and PC4 respectively. Farmers have good knowledge on soil quality but did not know the rate of soil amendments to apply. Farmers’ indigenous knowledge should be supplemented with scientific soil information. There is need for more training and education on application rates of soil amendments.

Hurricane effects, mitigation, and preparedness in the Caribbean: Perspectives on high importance-low prevalence practices from agricultural advisors.

Frequent hurricanes affect agricultural productivity, food security, economic security, and human wellbeing in the Caribbean islands. We assessed recent hurricane effects on the agricultural sector, and the challenges faced by farmers, foresters, and advisors related to hurricane preparedness and recovery in Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USVI). We used qualitative and quantitative survey methods to compile perspectives from agricultural advisors related to hurricane effects on farmlands, preparedness and recovery measures taken by land managers, and the needs regarding preparing for and responding to future hurricanes. Survey responses from over 200 advisors at eight institutions provided insight into the most devastating hurricane effects across farmlands, including issues related to power outages, communication, road access, and fallen trees. Our results highlight strategies considered critical for hurricane preparedness and recovery but not prevalent in application among land managers. Advisors' perceptions suggested that farmers and ranchers apply essential recovery practices, but critical short-term preparedness practices are limited, and long-term preparedness practices are uncommon. Advisors also indicated the need for more training and educational resources to improve hurricane recovery response. We conclude that better planning to minimize the vulnerability to future hurricanes can be achieved through an increased understanding of how preparedness and recovery practices help mitigate hurricane effects, improved interagency coordination for hurricane response and preparedness, and integrated educational campaigns with advisors and land managers.

Awareness of Animal Welfare and the Law among Undergraduate Students in a Brazilian Medical School

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate medical and biomedical students’ knowledge about legislation related to the use of animals in research (Arouca’s Law), at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. We received 62 responses to our online questionnaire of which 44 were considered valid. Only 25.3% of the students were aware of Arouca’s Law and 15% of them had read it. The majority of the participants (54.5%) were not aware of the penalties established by this legislation and had not attended classes regarding animal bioethics (70.5%). Those who had attended courses about animal experimentation were less likely to begin their experiments without approval (p=0.03) and more likely not to use more animals than the number approved by the ethics committee (p=0.05). Overall, the results showed a lack of knowledge among students about animal bioethics legislation, and a failure on the part of the students’ advisors to provide this information. The results highlight the need for more training on animal bioethics, better monitoring of compliance with the legislation and for courses on the subject for both students and advisors.