Need For Unity Research Articles

MENEMUKENALI MASYARAKAT ADAT SEBAGAI BASIS “KEBHINNEKATUNGGALIKAAN” MENUJU INTEGRASI BANGSA

Put the indigenous peoples to be followed by the term "all still alive and in accordance with the development of society" or other terms that convey the same in the constellation of state regulations, no doubt point to the existence of ideological claims unilateral and provocative. On the one hand, indigenous peoples as being faraway, while we are on the other side so arrogant and intervention while differentiating themselves into, "so another". Disorder was demonstrated through planned regulatory policies, structural and massive for our indigenous people buried in the frame word 'all still alive' and so on. Though there are many other socio-cultural based that sustains the existence and survival on indigenous peoples outside of agriculture. The Kebhinnekatunggalikaan was eminent merely ended motto compliance rigid beliefs and unilateral. If so integration with the nation as the adhesive is based on the awareness of the need for unity in fact not be as, a mere mirage.

A History of Malawi, 1859-1966 by John McCracken

Reviewed by: A History of Malawi, 1859-1966 by John McCracken Joey Power John McCracken , A History of Malawi, 1859-1966. Woodbridge: James Currey and Rochester NY: Boydell and Brewer (hb £85 - 978 1 84701 050 6). 2012, 485 pp. Inspired by John Iliffe's A Modern History of Tanganyika, John McCracken's long-awaited History of Malawi is the first attempt to write a comprehensive synthesis of the modern history of this small but significant Central African country since the 'nation-building' histories of the 1970s. The book weighs in at a whopping 485 pages, covers considerable thematic and chronological ground (its dates are 1859-1966) and integrates a prodigious amount of primary and second material to produce a very readable survey of Malawi's colonial past. The book is divided into sixteen chapters, beginning with the tumultuous nineteenth century and the advent of European missionary enterprise in the region. Subsequent chapters establish the background to the colonial economy and the central roles played by both Islam and Christianity in forging new types of identity and, sometimes, unique forms of political action. There is an entire chapter, for example, that revisits the Chilembwe rising and its significance for Malawian history, with particular emphasis on its millenarian overtones. There are also chapters on the First World War and on the crucial inter-war years [End Page 517] during which economic patterns were established that would endure well into the post-war period -and were to have political significance as land hunger and agrarian reform efforts became the catalysts for rural unrest. Chapters follow on the Depression and how this led to the delay of development initiatives. The book also includes a re-examination of the role of various officials whose development and 'agrarian reform' efforts stoked rural resistance to colonial and ultimately federal overrule. There are thematic chapters on the urban experience, the establishment of colonial administration and the relationship between town and country. The second half of the book is devoted to the years after 1945 during which Malawi's peoples faced one of their greatest political challenges - white settler nationalism and the resulting imposition of the Central African Federation. Opposition to this arguably led to the formation of independent Malawi and a particular brand of politics that, in its focus on the need for unity to achieve national liberation, eventually contributed to the emergence of a one-party state. McCracken touches on the development of party and popular politics, the role of violence in political change, and on the impact of the 1959 State of Emergency on reshaping African resistance to colonial rule. He surveys the trajectory of Malawi's incipient and then aborted labour movement, and the emergence of different factions within the Malawi Congress Party that would ultimately drive post-colonial politics. He does a commendable job of merging archival sources with a growing body of secondary literature on this period and provides considerable insight into the interplay between British and Malawian actors in bringing about a negotiated independence. The book culminates, quite rightly, not with the raising of the flag on 6 July 1964 but with the denouement following the 1964 cabinet crisis and Chipembere's failed rebellion of 1965. McCracken argues that one cannot help but draw parallels between the latter and the Chilembwe revolt of some fifty years before, not just because both rebellions failed but also in the light of their legacies. Each led to new alliances and political and economic power groupings that would endure - in the latter case, until challenged again in the early 1990s. John McCracken has provided a masterful survey of Malawi's modern past, encompassing political, economic and socio-cultural perspectives. A History of Malawi is bound to become the go-to text for students and scholars of colonial Malawi and those interested in the foundations of the post-colonial period. It is sure to have considerable local appeal (one hopes future editions will be more affordable), and must surely become a standard reference for those interested in Malawi's modern history, politics and economics. Joey Power Ryerson University jpower@history.ryerson.ca Copyright © 2013 International African Institute

Latina/O Students' Needs

To better understand Latina/o students' needs in a predominantly White institution of higher education with low Latina/o retention rates, semistructured interviews were completed with 30 Latina/o students. The themes that emerged through qualitative analysis of the interviews were: linguistic and financial barriers; a need for unity; availability of resources; sources of support; and educating ourselves and others about Latinas/os. Recommendations for enhancing the Latina/o student experience include activities to engage Latinas/os in the university life, bilingual support, and extending the curriculum to address Latina/o issues. Other institutions of higher education would benefit from studying local Latina/o students' needs to gain more insight into retention and graduation issues from the perspective of the students.

Time to be a united force?

The RCN is not affiliated to the Trades Union Congress, but the case for joining has been debated since the 1970s. Supporters argue that the current turbulence in the NHS strengthens the need for unity with other unions, but opponents claim affiliation would be expensive and undermine the college's professional role.

The strategic use of metaphors by political and media elites:The 2007–11 Belgian constitutional crisis

On 9 December 2011 a new Belgian government was sworn in after a record-breaking 541 days of negotiations between all democratic political forces with the aim to alter the constitution and provide more autonomy to the different regions that make up Belgium. In this article, the frequent use of political metaphors by North-Belgian politicians and journalists is analysed through a critical metaphor analysis (CMA) that approaches the different metaphors at a descriptive, an interpretative and a motivational level. Four meta-categories of metaphors were identified – sports and games metaphors, war metaphors, culinary metaphors and transport metaphors. The different metaphors fed into six core frames: expressing immobility, attributing blame, the need for unity, bargaining and teasing, the end is nigh and finally lack of direction and leadership. Metaphors were instrumental in strategies to present the Flemish demands as unquestionable and common sense, while the counter-demands of the French-speaking parties were positioned as unreasonable, impossible to accept. In other words, the strategic use of metaphors, some of which resonated throughout the long period of analysis, not only served to represent complex political issues in an easily digestible language, but also shaped and influenced the negotiations through their various mediations and the ideological intentions embedded within the metaphor.

Psychiatrist Urges Physician Unity as He Takes Helm of AMA

Psychiatrist Urges Physician Unity as He Takes Helm of AMA

Role of Trust In Violation Of Psychological Contract’s Effect on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour And Turnover Intention: A Research In Health Sector

In contemporary organizations, the need of unity in objectives and cooperation between employees and managers is quite clear. And to establish this kind of cooperation, both employees and organization have to satisfy their expectations mutually. And the term of psychological contract expresses the psychological agreement, which supposed to start in the process of recruitment, mostly not spoken about and stays covered, shows changeability and subjectivity. In the case of employee’s or organization’s failure about meeting the expectations, means the violation of psychological contract. By the violation of psychological contract, some negativity emerge on employee’s attitude and behaviors towards the organization. These may start with simply anxiety or uneasiness of mind and may follow to anti-social behaviors, decline in-role and extra-role performance, even termination of the relation with the organization. Therefore, violation of psychological contract’s effects on citizenship behavior and turnover intention are detected, and these effects are evaluated in the case that “trust” presumed to ease many organizational negativity, exists.

Queer Systems: The Benefits of a More Systematic Approach to Queer Theology

Queer Systems: The Benefits of a More Systematic Approach to Queer Theology Ivy Helman Queer theology often struggles to convince many Christians of its message of acceptance.1 This occurs in spite of the fact that queer theology hopes to bring about a more just, humane and liberating manifestation of Christianity for all humanity, queers and non‐queers alike. Queer theology, it seems, needs to strengthen and develop itself as a theological discipline in order to have a greater impact. Among the many current theological disciplines now available, systematic theology could help queer theology do just that. Systematic theology has three salient characteristics that could strengthen queer theology’s arguments; queer theology could also benefit from an acknowledgment of its systematic tendencies. One characteristic of systematic theology seems to be a logical, coherent argument based on a unifying principle. Another salient feature appears to be the way systematic theology is an ordered, in‐depth investigation of a broad range of topics. Finally, the third characteristic of systematic theology that could benefit queer theology is the way systematic theology suggests exploring cultural and social components of society and reinterpreting Christian truth in a way that accounts for this context. This often means advocating for change in order to make the Christian message more suited to the times. One can acknowledge the first tendency of systematic theology—it appears to be a logical, coherent argument with a unifying principle— in the theories of three authors: Paul Tillich, A. N. Williams and Christine Helmer. Helmer writes, “System represents a partial or total comprehension by thought of the reality of particular entities or actions” (1). In other words, systematic theologians try to make sense out of the world around them. One can see the principle of coherence in Helmer’s writing. A. N. Williams suggests systematicity’s characteristic of being logical in his article for The International Journal of Systematic Theology entitled “What Is Systematic Theology?” Williams seems to argue that systematic theology is “simply theology which makes explicit that rationality and that relationality” (55). Williams suggests that all systematic theology has three key characteristics: coherence, relationality and rationality (41, 48 and 53, respectively). This emphasis on rationality could be interpreted as an emphasis on logic. In addition, one can see that Williams stresses coherence as well. Finally, a well‐known and oft‐cited author on systematic theology, Paul Tillich indicates the need for unity, what he calls a “method of correlation” (8). This unifying idea coordinates “questions and answers, situation and message, human existence and divine manifestation” (Tillich, 8). Tillich seems to be arguing for the need for systematic theology to unify its message as it addresses its many areas of interest. Systematic theology also seems to consist of an ordered, in‐depth examination of a variety of topics. In their definitions of systematic theology, Leo Garrett Jr. and Daniel Jenkins seem to agree on the significance of these systematic tendencies. Specifically Jenkins seems to stress the in‐depth inquiry into a broad range of topics. He believes ethics to be part of systematic theology (Jenkins, 108). Likewise, “… to be systematic, theology must include a statement of the nature of theological method, of the doctrine of the Trinity, of God and [God’s] attributes or perfections; of creation; of Jesus Christ, his person and work, and related to him, of Christian anthropology in terms of [hu]man[ity], sin and grace; of the Spirit and the Church” (Jenkins, 107). Jenkins’s list appears to be quite comprehensive in scope and seems to demand quite detailed theological work. There seems to be no part of Christianity that systematic theology can or should ignore. Garrett, in his book Systematic Theology: Biblical, Historical and Evangelical, recommends that systematic theology concern itself with the relationship of doctrines to each other and an ordered presentation of material (3 and 16). Here, one can see a range of topics Garrett believes systematic theology should address. Likewise, in Garrett’s work, the reader can see the ordered characteristic of systematic theology. One could argue that the third salient characteristic of systematic theology seems to be its evaluation of contemporary society and its appeal for change. Here again one can see...

Medical and health care professional education in the 21st century: institutional, national and global perspectives

Medical and health care professional education in the 21st century: institutional, national and global perspectives

‘Beauty Bare: The Sonnet Form, Geometry and Aesthetics’

The appeal of the sonnet form over centuries is bot h unquestionable and curious. Most poets attempt a sonnet at one time or another in th eir career, and many readers in English, as well as other Western languages, have e ncountered a sonnet or two. While some might see the sonnet as an old-fashioned form, poets continue to produce them in great quantities, and new collections and studie s of them continue to appear. Zachariah Wells, editor of one sonnet anthology, at tributes the form’s longevity to its “adaptability, flexibility, plasticity” through his tory. 3 Others are more mystical in their ideas about the persistence of the sonnet: “Poets,” Don Paterson reflects, “write sonnets because it makes poems easier to write. Rea ders read them because it makes their lives easier to bear”. 4 There is a long-held perception that sonnets teach us something about the very nature of poetry, especial ly in relation to poetic form. This is frequently cited as the justification for insist ing that creative writing students try to write them, and that literature students learn to r ead them. But aside from the structural rigour of the form ‐ with the attendant assumption that the more restrictive the form, the greater the poetic challenge (haikus have a similar status in this respect) ‐ the actual reasoning behind the idea of the sonne t’s edifying qualities remains vague. Similarly, the sonnet’s aesthetic qualities are fr equently proclaimed, but slippery and difficult to articulate. Paul Oppenhei mer writes that the sonnet has a “mysterious aesthetic” that reveals “a psychologica l, as well as an aesthetic, law, or equation, or archetype” that makes it one of the mo st “secure and enduring forms in poetry”, but he remains vague as to what that is, p recisely. 5 Paterson connects the aesthetic and the psychological appeal of the sonne t: “a miraculous little form in which our human need for unity and discontinuity, r epetition and variation, tension and resolution, symmetry and asymmetry, lyric inspi ration and argumentative rigour, are all held in near-perfect oppositional balance” (xxvi-xxvii). It is frequently seen as having a meditative quality (xvi) ‐ an interiority, which Oppenheimer suggests is due to its non-musical, purely literary, history of cir culation. He provides convincing proof that despite the popular idea of sonnet meaning “little song,” it was always

Practices of Relatedness and the Re-Invention of Duol as a Network of Care for Orphans and Widows in Western Kenya

AbstractDuol is a term used in reference to traditional Luo life to signify unity and solidarity within a lineage under the authority of the elders. This authority was most prominent in the pre-colonial period, and continued up to independence. It declined steadily under the impact of modernity during the post-independence period. Consequently, the institution oí duol fell into disuse. The emergence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic has renewed the need for unity and solidarity in finding community-based solutions. The original principles of duol are now manifested in a transformed version of duol and similar collaborative community initiatives. This article suggests that efforts to assist communities adversely affected by HIV/AIDS pandemic should base their interventions in the various community-based collaborative initiatives. Traditional institutions, it is argued, may be re-invented in times of turmoil as new forms of relatedness through which human agency is focused to counter serious challenges to rural communities.

Practices of Relatedness and the Re-Invention of Duol As a Network of Care for Orphans and Widows in Western Kenya

Duol is a term used in reference to traditional Luo life to signify unity and solidarity within a lineage under the authority of the elders. This authority was most prominent in the pre-colonial period, and continued up to independence. It declined steadily under the impact of modernity during the post-independence period. Consequently, the institution oí duol fell into disuse. The emergence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic has renewed the need for unity and solidarity in finding community-based solutions. The original principles of duol are now manifested in a transformed version of duol and similar collaborative community initiatives. This article suggests that efforts to assist communities adversely affected by HIV/AIDS pandemic should base their interventions in the various community-based collaborative initiatives. Traditional institutions, it is argued, may be re-invented in times of turmoil as new forms of relatedness through which human agency is focused to counter serious challenges to rural communities.

Solidarity without “Sisterhood”? Feminism and the Ethics of Coalition Building

Many feminist theorists have embraced coalition building as the central model for feminist political mobilization. They have done so because they believe that coalitional solidarity resolves a long-standing impasse within feminism between the political claims of diversity among women and the political need for unity. In this essay, I argue that the turn to coalition politics within feminist theory is problematic: While coalitional solidarity honors the claims of diversity among women, it ignores the importance of acknowledging commonality. The tactical ties that it encompasses fail to enact the kind of mutual recognition on which feminism, as a movement for social justice, depends. I show that in order to address both the concern with diversity and the need for unity in a satisfying way, theorists of solidarity must supplement their appeal to coalition building with an account of the ethical and affective preconditions of inclusive political ties. Specifically, I argue that the cultivation of “enlarged sympathy” among feminist political actors is crucial to the establishment of political bonds that accommodate and affirm important differences among women.The author would like to thank the following individuals for helpful comments and discussions: Farid Abdel-Nour, Cheryl Hall, Kimberly Lau, Peregrine Schwartz-Shea, and the editors and anonymous reviewers at Politics & Gender. An earlier version of this article was presented as a paper in San Francisco at the American Political Science Association's annual meeting in 2001.

“Ruled by Our Own People”: Ghanaian Adolescents’ Conceptions of Citizenship

This study investigates the ways in which 150 Ghanaian junior secondary students negotiate the tensions between ethnic and national history in building conceptions of democratic citizenship. While unofficial histories operate in Ghana, and some of these may be oppositional, the students in this study do not describe their own or others’ ethnic histories as in opposition to official histories. In contrast to official histories in other national settings, ethnic history in Ghana appears as an important building block in the national narrative. Students describe a national story of subjugation, struggle, and sacrifice that not only establishes the need for unity (and the consequences of disunity) and the value of diversity (and the consequences of interethnic conflict) but inclines students to honor multiple identities, search for unifying elements that might be carried into the present and future, and perceive their conationals as capable of bravery, persistence, and self-rule. At the same time, historical study did not appear to incline students toward the kind of critical historical analysis envisioned by Ghanaian curriculum planners.

The Celluloid Divide

The Celluloid Divide

Railway network development in inter-war Romania: Economic and strategic motives

The railway geography of the Pannonian zone was substantially reconstructed after the First World War as a result of the demise of the Habsburg Empire and the need for unity within the new states of the region. While some main lines were effectively destroyed like the direct link between Szeged and Timisoara (which is only now being revived in the context of European support for cross-border cooperation), many new connections were proposed across the former imperial frontiers. This study deals with Romania where former Carpathian frontier needed radical attention. But as achievements of the period 1919-49 are examined it is evident that the ambitious proposals of the expansionists were compromised by need for careful prioritization given the limited finance and the engineering challenges; also the need to reconcile economic and strategic interests and provide for qualitative improvements throughout the system as a whole as well as new construction.

Stigma: How We Treat Outsiders

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ReviewsFull AccessStigma: How We Treat OutsidersJackie Goldstein, Ph.D.Jackie GoldsteinSearch for more papers by this author, Ph.D.Published Online:1 Dec 2002https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.53.12.1643AboutSectionsView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail A mental health worker in India who deals constantly with the stigma of mental illness in his own country was surprised to learn that this stigma exists in the United States. I wondered about the source of his surprise. Are we viewed as too educated, too enlightened, too wise to be guilty of intolerance? Gerhard Falk's latest book, Stigma: How We Treat Outsiders, suggests that anyone is a potential member of at least one stigmatized group and that most likely all of us, even the educated and enlightened, are capable of treating others differently because of our perception of them as "outsiders."During his long career as an educator and author, Falk, a sociology professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo, has addressed specific types of stigma in various scholarly works, more than 50 in number. However, in this, his 12th book, he describes and discusses 13 different types of stigma, devoting a chapter to a description of the evolution and history of each type as well as research and statistics exploring the social consequences of that stigma.Dr. Falk divides the 13 stigmas into two categories. Persons who are excluded because of a condition that they did not choose or over which they have little control may suffer from "existential stigma." Such conditions include mental illness, sexual identity, obesity, mental retardation, aging, marital status, and race (particularly for Native Americans). The second category, "achieved stigma," includes persons who have somehow contributed to their inclusion in a stigmatized group. Here Falk describes stigma associated with achievement, immigration, homelessness, prostitution, addiction (including alcoholism), and criminal conviction. Many of us fall into at least one of these categories and, with the inclusion of "resentment against achievement," no one seems to be exempt from membership of some stigmatized group.Although such a vast array of "out-groups" suggests that Falk has covered them all, instead one begins to consider the insidious nature of stigma, and it seems that one stigma might lead to a spinoff stigma such that an insider group falls victim to its own judgment. For example, Falk describes how the stigma of obesity has created a multimillion dollar industry that often motivates unwarranted dieting by the "in-group"—those who are not obese. What he doesn't explore is the resultant out-group of persons who suffer from eating disorders that are perhaps in part a consequence of membership of an in-group that judged the obese.The opening chapter reminds us of our long and shameful history of judging, condemning, and eradicating members of stigmatized groups. It also reminds us of the insights of Emile Durkheim, a "founding father of sociology," and thus helps us to understand why, despite education and enlightenment, we persist in our predilection toward identifying out-groups. Durkheim explained that, quite simply, out-groups create a sense of unity—and community—for the in-group. With a new sense of threat upon us, and an escalated and urgent need for unity and community, let us become students of stigma and not victims of our own in-group judgments.Dr. Goldstein is associate professor of psychology at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama.by Gerhard Falk; Amherst, New York, Prometheus Books, 2001, 376 pages, $26 FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByFrontiers in Psychology, Vol. 8 Volume 53Issue 12 December 2002Pages 1643-1643 Metrics History Published online 1 December 2002 Published in print 1 December 2002

Presidential address: “These united colonies are …”

Presidential address: “These united colonies are …”

A Harvest of Hope: Jesuit Collegiate Education in England, 1794-1914 by Ian D. Roberts

BOOK REVIEWS123 Nationalism is another important issue that does not receive sufficient treatment . However,it had a major influence in the rise ofboth modern Irish Catholicism and the national school system.When it entered the nineteenth century, the Church was far from strong, united, or respected, as Keogh implies. Rather the radical end of the eighteenth century, foUowed by the disunity occasioned by the Union, left the Church in the early nineteenth in desperate need of a unifying force that would strengthen its otherwise very weak influence among most of die Irish Catholic laity, poor as weU as middle class. Given their motto, "CathoUc and Celtic, to God and IrelandTrue," the Irish Christian Brothers, like the Irish bishops, were strongly influenced in building up their own organization by making use ofthe new nationalistic lay fervor that Daniel O'ConneU had so effectively enkindled in 1823 with the founding of the CathoUc Association. However, in so doing, each seemed determined to maintain their independence from the other. Still, despite these questions or omissions, Keogh has given us a very worthwhUe study that is a solid addition to our growing knowledge of the Irish Catholic Church. Vincent J. McNally Sacred Heart School ofTheology Hales Corners, Wisconsin A Harvest ofHope:Jesuit Collegiate Education in England, 1 794-1914. By Ian D. Roberts. [Series III: Original Studies Composed in EngUsh, Number 12.] (Saint Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources. 1996. Pp. xvii, 253- $27.95 paperback ) In the introduction to England and Christendom, published two years after his accession to the see ofWestminster, Henry Edward Manning asserted that, foUowing the restoration of the English and Welsh hierarchy, the Church had begun "to act as a body by its corporate presence and influence upon public opinion and upon every class of the English people . . ." (p. xxxv). He certainly envisioned the mission of the Church in the nineteenth century as being to penetrate the thinking of English people with Catholic truths and ideas in the various aspects of their social, political, and religious lives.There was not be an exclusive concentration of energy upon a simple conversion poUcy because that would be accompanied by the danger of adopting a protective mentality in the event of inevitable verbal attack or other adversity.This far-sighted programme was presaged in Manning's weU-known speech to the Council Fathers in 1870. He considered, indeed, the main thrust of the Council to lie in the freeing of the Church from too close an association with an increasingly secular or pagan state.The CouncU was to deliver the framework that would enable the Church to advance her teaching mandate untrammelled by the remaining shackles of the ancien régime. In this view lay the essence of Manning's brand of ultramontanism, linked to his conviction of the growing importance of the 124BOOK REVIEWS need for unity in approach and in endeavor. It posited the forging of interlocking mechanisms that would constitute a chaUenge to the world by the use of that spiritual authority which was designed to change the world.The internal self-completion of the Church thus lay at the heart of his thinking and of his poUcy. Ian Roberts in A Harvest ofHope considers ultramontanism as self-evidently worthy of opprobrium. Manning, however, did not view ecclesiastical authority as ifit were "an imperious act, substituting command for reason" but,he teUs us, rather as "reason and evidence speaking by a legitimate voice" (Miscellanies, 1877, II, 174). New chaUenges could not be met by caulking a rudderless ship. Indeed, as Professor Peter Erb has written,"we do Manning an injustice ifwe interpret his actions aside from the foundational principles of his theology and life" (A Question ofSovereignty, 1996, p. 23). Manning's uneasy relationship with the English Jesuits, an attitude shared by a number of his feUow bishops, was influenced by what was seen as a propensity on the part of some of the Society's superiors to place the particular interests of the order in education before those of the local church as perceived by its ordinaries.This led to division in the key area of national ecclesiastical development . The fracasso with Bishop Herbert Vaughan over the Manchester CoUege...

A culture of conflict

The effects of culture on the performance of an organization depend, not on the strength of the overall culture, but on the mix and weightings of the components of that culture. An example is the component of conflict, which may be a healthy incentive for action and competition when present in some forms and degrees, but can be damaging when it becomes the culture’s dominant feature and its existence is not acknowledged. Research theory in the management of non‐profits emphasizes the need for consonance and deplores the existence of conflict; however, research shows that some community organizations do not fit the model presented in the literature and that conflict does exist in these organizations and can cripple their ability to function in goal‐setting, staffing, the conduct of meetings, problem solving and decision making, the identification and utilization of individual skills, and writing submissions for government funding. Uses the example of a small, non‐profit organization, which works in an environment where there is a need for unity, but where conflict between the volunteers and paid workers, and among the volunteers themselves, had become the over‐riding consideration in all decision making and was paralysing the organization.