Need For Rapid Growth Research Articles

The Retreat from BIST: Insights into Foreign Portfolio Investment Movements

The need for rapid growth and development in developing countries increases the demand for capital. As a result, foreign portfolio investments are of great importance, especially in emerging markets, as they help meet capital needs. However, their ability to move quickly also introduces high volatility to financial markets. This study examines changes in the share of foreign portfolio investors in Borsa Istanbul from 2004 to 2023, aiming to provide long-term insights to market participants. Initially, changes in the foreign portfolio investor ratio over time are graphically analyzed alongside the BIST 100 index and the average interest rate of deposits with a maturity of up to 3 months. These changes are evaluated in the context of both global and local developments. The study then investigates the causal relationship between the foreign portfolio investor ratio and the BIST 100 index using a cointegration test and a causality test based on the VECM model. The findings show a one-way causality from the BIST 100 index to the foreign portfolio investor ratio, indicating that foreign investors' market movements are largely influenced by the performance of the BIST 100, and local market dynamics significantly affect foreign capital inflows.

Preventing free radical damage: The significance of including antioxidants in diet to strengthen immunity.

Free radicals (FRs), also known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), are usually established in the body when adequate oxygen depletion occurs. Oxidative stress and the establishment of FRs in the body are mainly caused by high metabolic activity, the need for rapid growth, inadequate flock management, exposure to viral and bacterial microorganisms, and adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, FRs can also be produced during the activity of phagocytes when they depend on the action of ROS to kill the engulfed pathogen. FRs have very adverse effects on all cells, particularly the cells of the immune system. They are extremely erratic and reactive molecules that directly harm DNA, cellular proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates within cells. Antioxidants are substances that can eliminate and neutralize FRs within the body and free the body from the oxidative stress that occurs due to the accumulation of FRs. Many vitamins and minerals support the activity and effect of the immune system in fighting against microbes and cancer, which mostly depend on their antioxidant elements to diminish the negative impact of FRs in the body. Examples are vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase, selenium, glycine, cofactors of glutathione peroxidase, manganese, essential oils, and phenolic compounds.

Factors Affecting Funding Choices of Entrepreneurs in India: An Analytical Study

Funding Choices of Entrepreneurs in India encompass a multitude of variables that shape the decisions made by entrepreneurs in securing financial resources for their ventures. These factors include the availability and accessibility of formal financing options, such as loans and investment capital, as well as the challenges related to collateral requirements and the stringent criteria imposed by financial institutions. Limited awareness and understanding of financing alternatives among entrepreneurs also contribute to their funding choices. Moreover, the competitive landscape and market conditions exert a profound influence on funding decisions, with the presence of unanticipated competition, market volatility, and the need for rapid growth and innovation leading entrepreneurs to seek funding from unconventional sources or adopt bootstrapping strategies. Understanding these factors is crucial for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and financial institutions to develop initiatives that enhance the accessibility of formal financing, promote financial literacy and entrepreneurial education, and foster a supportive ecosystem for entrepreneurs to thrive. Financial institutions can tailor their offerings to meet the unique needs of entrepreneurs, while policymakers can implement measures to create an enabling environment for entrepreneurial finance. By comprehending these factors, stakeholders can effectively address the funding challenges faced by entrepreneurs in India and facilitate their entrepreneurial endeavors for sustainable economic growth and innovation.

Enhanced nuclear translation is associated with proliferation and progression across multiple cancers.

Recent technological advances have re-invigorated the interest in nuclear translation (NT), but the underlying mechanisms and functional implications of NT remain unknown. Here we show that NT is enhanced in malignant cancer cells and is associated with rapid cell growth. Nuclear ribopuromycylation analyses in a panel of diverse cell lines revealed that NT is scarce in normal immortalized cells, but is ubiquitous and robust in malignant cancer cells. Moreover, NT occurs in the nucleolus and requires normal nucleolar function. Intriguingly, NT is reduced by cellular stresses and anti-tumor agents and positively correlates with cancer cell proliferation and growth. By using a modified puromycin-associated nascent chain proteomics, we further identified numerous oncoproteins that are preferentially translated in the nucleus, such as transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFB2) and nucleophosmin 1 (NMP1). Specific overexpression of TGFB2 and NMP1 messenger RNAs in the nucleus can increase their protein levels and promote tumorigenesis. These findings establish a previously unknown link between NT and malignancy and suggest that cancer cells might have adapted a mechanism of NT to support their need for rapid growth, which highlight the potential of NT in tumorigenesis and might also open up new possibilities for therapeutic targeting of cancer-specific cellular functions.

Targeting Metabolic Plasticity and Flexibility Dynamics for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer cells continuously rewire their metabolism to fulfill their need for rapid growth and survival while subject to changes in environmental cues. Thus, a vital component of a cancer cell lies in its metabolic adaptability. The constant demand for metabolic alterations requires flexibility, that is, the ability to utilize different metabolic substrates; as well as plasticity, that is, the ability to process metabolic substrates in different ways. In this review, we discuss how dynamic changes in cancer metabolism affect tumor progression and the consequential implications for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Recognizing cancer dynamic metabolic adaptability as an entity can lead to targeted therapy that is expected to decrease drug resistance.

Repository System for Geospatial Software Development and Integration

The integration of geospatial software components has recently received considerable attention due to the need for rapid growth of GIS application and development environments. However, finding appropriate source code components that can be incorporated into a system under development requires considerable verification to ensure the source code can work correctly. This paper therefore describes the design of a repository system that employs a new specification language, namely SpecJ2, to address the challenges involved in integrating and operating software components. SpecJ2 was designed to represent the architectural attributes of source code components and to abstract their complexity by applying the notion of separation of concerns, a key consideration when designing software systems. The results of the experiment showed that SpecJ2 is capable of defining the different architectural attributes of source code components and can facilitate their integration and interaction at run-time. Thus, SpecJ2 can classify software components according to their identified types.

Age affects escape behavior by the zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides) more strongly than in other lizards

Prey of different ages may exhibit differences in escape behavior, including flight initiation distance (FID – predator-prey distance when escape begins) and distance fled before stopping (DF). Escape theory predicts FID and, in some circumstance, DF, based on trade-offs between conflicting cost of not fleeing (predation risk) and cost of fleeing (primarily opportunities to enhance fitness lost by fleeing). The prey’s expected lifetime fitness when an encounter begins also affects escape decisions. Because hatchling and adult lizards may differ in ways that affect all three of these factors, a priori prediction of age differences is not possible without measurements of all three. In a field study I found that hatchling zebra-tailed lizards (Callisaurs draconoides) had much shorter FID and DF than adults. These relationships were not affected by distance to refuge, which did not differ between ages, and refuge use was infrequent. The findings agree with those of all but one previous study of age differences, suggesting that hatchling lizards typically have shorter FID and DF than adults because they 1) assess risk as being lower due to lower attractiveness to or detectability by predators, lack of experience or greater maneuverability, 2) have greater opportunity cost due to the need for rapid growth and good body condition before winter, and possibly 3) have lower residual reproductive value due to higher mortality rate than adults. Effects of age and size are confounded, and smaller size may be the major reason for the shorter FID and distance fled of hatchlings.

Abstract 5460: Intracellular uptake and metabolism of SH7139: Is it a targeted prodrug for B-cell lymphomas

Abstract Selective high affinity ligands (SHALs) are novel targeting agents composed of lysine/mini-polyethylene glycol scaffolds linking two or three ‘recognition’ ligands together. The tridentate SHAL SH7139 is selectively cytotoxic at sub-nanomolar concentrations to lymphoma cells over-expressing HLA-DR10. Electron microscopy examinations of Burkitt's lymphoma xenografts from mice treated with SH7139 suggest one mechanism for cell killing may involve cell signaling-induced apoptosis analogous to that observed with Lym-1 antibody. An alternative mechanism is that intracellular hydrolysis of the SHAL's amide bonds following its uptake and metabolism by lymphoma cells could lead to the release of the three recognition ligands and the subsequent inhibition (or promotion) of cellular activities that trigger apoptosis or induce cell death and necrosis. Each of the three recognition ligands (Dv, Ct, and Cb) is independently, but non-selectively, toxic to both Raji (HLA-DR10 positive) and Jurkat (HLA-DR10 negative) cells. The Ct ligand, 3-(2-([3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy)-anilino)-3-oxopropanionic acid, is a structural analog of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis that is upregulated in many cancers to meet their need for rapid growth and proliferation. Our studies show that although Ct could be accommodated into the herbicide binding pocket of ACC, this ligand was not found to inhibit human and rat ACC1 or ACC2. However, metabolic cleavage of the single amide bond present in Ct would lead to the production of two smaller metabolites, an aniline derivative and malonate, both of which are known to be biologically active and potentially toxic compounds. The Dv ligand, dabsyl-L-valine, belongs to a family of biphenylsulfonamides, many of which have been shown to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP9 and MMP14 that are upregulated in tumor cells. The Cb ligand, 4-[4-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperazino]-3-nitrobenzene carboxylic acid, is a structural analog of a large number of inhibitors that have been shown to block the assembly of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis by inhibiting guanosine nucleoside binding to MgcRacGAP, a protein that participates in the activation of the myosin motor and the initiation of cleavage furrow ingression. A combination of SH7139 metabolism studies, computer modeling, and enzyme inhibition assays have been performed to determine if Ct, Dv and Cb and their metabolites are produced and whether they contribute to lymphoma cell killing. Citation Format: Monique C. Balhorn, Gary Mirick, Dong Cheng, Zhengping Ma, Edmond Y. Lau, Saphon Hok, Gerald L. DeNardo, Rod Balhorn. Intracellular uptake and metabolism of SH7139: Is it a targeted prodrug for B-cell lymphomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5460. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5460

Obama's Bag: High Quality with No QC at Barrington

This case describes an American leather firm in China that has obtained a reputation for high productivity, excellent quality without QC inspectors, and very low turnover, in spite of offering only industry average compensation. Though many scholars and practitioners contend that “soft” management practices are ineffective in a high power distance country such as China, Barrington has successfully adapted programs such as “character first” and “open door policy” to create a high-involvement culture with a mix of control and commitment human resource management practices. Barrington now faces the need for rapid growth in a highly competitive, low entry barrier niche market, and management is concerned about how to maintain the intimate company culture. The teaching notes provide background for reviewing Barrington's challenges in evolving a healthy corporate culture and management-labor relationships within the context of China's unique historic, cultural and political contexts dynamics. Yet another perspective upon these challenges is given by briefly addressing the similar experiences of China's Asian neighbors, as well as the implications of some scholars' arguments that, even in the West, commitment HRM may be more prevalent in theory than in practice. After discussing Barrington's HRM practices of control, commitment, or hybrid, and their potential influence upon employee motivation and job satisfaction, students argue the pros and cons of the rapid expansion strategies that Barrington is considering to cope with intensifying competition and their potential influence upon the firm's company culture.

Ontogenetic transition in leaf traits: a new cost associated with the increase in leaf longevity

Aims Recent work has identified a worldwide ‘economics’ spectrum of correlated leaf traits that mainly reflects the compromises between maximizing leaf longevity and short-term productivity. However, during the early stages of tree growth different species tend to exhibit a common strategy, because competition for soil water and nutrients forces the maximization of short-term productivity owing to the need for rapid growth during the most vulnerable part of the tree’s life cycle. Accordingly, our aim here was to compare the variations that occur during ontogeny in the different leaf traits (morphology and leaf chemical composition) of several coexisting Mediterranean woody species differing in their leaf life spans and to test our hypothesis that tree species with a long leaf life span should exhibit larger shifts in leaf characteristics along ontogeny. Methods Six Mediterranean tree species differing in leaf life span, selected from three plots located in central-western Spain, were studied during three growth stages: seedlings, juveniles and mature trees. Leaf life span, leaf morphology (leaf area, dry weight, thickness and mass per unit area) and chemical composition (N and fibre concentrations) were measured in all six species. The magnitude of the ontogenetic changes in the different traits was estimated and related to the mean leaf longevity of the different species. Important Findings Along ontogeny, strong changes were observed in all variables analysed. The early growth stages showed lower leaf thickness, leaf thickness and mass per unit area and N, cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations than mature trees, but a higher lignin content. However, these changes were especially marked in species with a longer leaf life span at maturity. Interspecific differences in leaf life span, leaf morphology and chemical composition were stronger at the mature stage than at the seedling stage. We conclude that greater plasticity and more intense strategy shifts along ontogeny are necessarily associated with long leaf life span. Our results thus provide a new aspect that should be incorporated into the analysis of the costs and benefits associated with the different strategies related to leaf persistence displayed by the different species. Accordingly, the intensity of the alterations in leaf traits among different growth stages should be added to the suite of traits that change along the leaf economics spectrum.

Maternal Traits and Reproduction in Richardson's Ground Squirrels

Differences among conspecifics in body mass result from underlying differences in structural size and physiological condition. To determine whether the structural or physiological component of body mass has a stronger influence on reproductive traits at parturition, we studied the body composition (lean dry mass and fat content), structural size (1st principal component scores computed from 10 skeletal measurements), and body condition (residuals from regression of body mass on structural size) of yearling and older female Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii). At parturition, differences among yearlings in body mass primarily reflected differences in structural size associated with continuing structural growth. Older females appeared to reach a deterministic adult structural size, and body mass of older females was most strongly associated with body condition. Structural size of yearling females and body condition of older females had significant positive effects on litter mass. For older females, date of parturition had a significant negative influence on litter size. Both yearling and older females exhibited significant positive effects of parturition date and body condition on neonate mass. In older females, trade—off resulted in smaller litters of heavier neonates as the breeding season progressed, perhaps reflecting the need for rapid growth of offspring before hibernation. Maternal size, maternal condition, and seasonal timing were important aspects of reproduction in Richardson's ground squirrels, but these characteristics are seldom considered concurrently in studies of life histories.

Proline Essentiality and Weight Gain

ALMQUIST and Grau (1944) classifled proline as a dispensable amino acid for the growing chick since deleting this amino acid from their crystalline amino acid diet did not impair growth. Similarly, Benton et al. (1955) and Adkins et al. (1952) observed no significant growth response when proline was added to crystalline amino acid diets. In contrast, earlier studies conducted in this laboratory (Klain et al., 1959; Greene et al., 1962) and a recent study in Japan (Sugahara and Ariyoshi, 1967) showed improved gains upon the addition of proline to crystalline amino acid diets. Roy and Bird (1959) also noted a small increase in growth when a practical diet was supplemented with proline. Klain et al. (1959) were led to comment that while proline could be synthesized by the chick, the rate was not commensurate with the need for rapid growth. This explanation fits Rose’s definition of an indispensable dietary component…