Need For Interdisciplinary Cooperation Research Articles

"This Verdict was Created with the Help of Generative AI...?" On the Use of Large Language Models by Judges

In selected jurisdictions like the USA, China, and Singapore, the integration of AI into judicial proceedings has become a tangible reality. Algorithms play a pivotal role in supporting decision-making processes during the formulation of judicial verdicts. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are also being increasingly used by judges, often in circumstances where the legal parameters surrounding their usage remain unclear. This comment delves into the realm of interdisciplinary research inquiries surrounding the application of AI in the judiciary. It begins by exploring how judges currently use ChatGPT in rendering verdicts within cases that have been publicly disclosed so far. Subsequently, it navigates through the array of questions different disciplines might pose concerning this development and discusses strategies for harmonizing these diverse perspectives in collaborative projects, potentially employing frameworks like the “orders of change” taxonomy. The article concludes with a call for increased research endeavors, particularly emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary cooperation to comprehensively address the application of AI in the judiciary.

Intrapericardial Teratoma and Associated 3q29 Deletion in a Fetus: Case Report.

Depending on its location, size, and proximity to the cardiac structures, an intrapericardial teratoma may lead to severe circulatory disturbances and even fetal demise. A 34-year-old G2P1 presented at 20w5d with a solid cystic mass in the right thorax of the fetus, originating from the right atrium or lung, with signs of non-immune fetal hydrops, soon resulting in intrauterine fetal death. Detailed post-mortem autopsy revealed signs of hydrops fetalis universalis due to a spherical tumor mass originating from the aortic root. Histologic examination of the tumor showed the characteristic morphology of a teratoma. A 1.6-Mb microdeletion at 3q29 was identified by single nucleotide polymorphism array. This is the first report presenting the diagnosis of an intrapericardial teratoma in a fetus with a microdeletion of 3q29. Intrapericardial teratoma has a poor prognosis and the fetal outcome relies on the development of hydrops. A post-mortem examination is essential in order to make a definitive diagnosis, which underlines the status of the fetal pathologist and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation.

Effective Treatments for Abductor Vocal Cord Paralysis: A Comprehensive Review.

Abductor vocal cord paralysis (AVCP) is a disabling disorder that affects the voice and the quality of life of a patient, and hence, there is importance in providing a detailed knowledge of its aetiology and management. In this review article, we offer an implicational definition of AVCP and a discussion of its background, viewed as potentially affecting voice production and health. Finally, we explore modalities of diagnosis by medical history and physical examination, visualization techniques like laryngoscopy and stroboscopy, and radiographic imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The article reviews and categorizes approaches into operative and non-operative treatments, including injection laryngoplasty, voice therapy, botulinum toxin injections, and the management of Reinke's edema. Surgical approaches, like arytenoid adduction, cordotomy, and posterior cordotomy, are also scrutinized taking their indication, efficacy, and complication profile into consideration. Learning about the advantages and drawbacks of the following experimental yet promising directions like nerve-muscle pedicle implantation, nerve reinnervation, and engineering of tissues is therefore highly necessitated. In conclusion, the review details the measures that have shown to be useful in the treatment process and their impact on the future practice of clinical work, calling for a more clarified structure of the organization of diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative activities. Future research directions are outlined based on the gaps which include the development of new treatment approaches, the evaluation of treatment for long-term effects, and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in the medical field for the benefit of the patients.

Selected Psychosocial Factors, Nutritional Behavior, and the Analysis of Concentrations of Selected Vitamins in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, influenced by the interaction of factors, including age, sex, genetic conditions, overweight/obesity, hypertension, an abnormal lipid profile, vitamin deficiencies, diabetes, and psychological factors. This study aimed to assess the relationships between psychosocial and nutritional factors in a group of 61 patients with CVD (i.e., atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and myocardial infarction) and their possible impact on the course of the disease. The plasma concentrations of vitamins A, E, D, and β-carotene were determined using validated HPLC-MS/MS, while the lipid profile was analyzed enzymatically. Psychosocial factors and nutritional behaviors were assessed using author-designed questionnaires. Over 50% of patients had 25-OH-D3 and retinol deficiencies, while >85% of patients exhibited significant deficiencies in α-tocopherol and β-carotene. The lipid profile showed no specific relationship with any particular CVD. Dietary behavior minimally impacted biochemical parameters except for higher β-carotene concentrations in the group with higher fruit and vegetable intake. The negative impact of the CVD on selected parameters of quality of life was noticed. To increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of CVD, the need for interdisciplinary cooperation observed between doctors, psychologists, and specialists in human nutrition seems to be justified.

Carcinoid syndrome with right-sided valve involvement - a case report and review of the literature.

The survival of patients with neuroendocrine tumors has substantially improved with modern treatment options. Although the associated carcinoid syndrome can be diagnosed early and controlled effectively, cardiologists still encounter patients with cardiac manifestations, particularly among individuals with persistently high levels of vasoactive mediators. Treatment options have been limited to surgical valve replacement in fully manifested disease. Since surgery is not always feasible, transcatheter valve implantation is becoming an interesting alternative. A case of a 50-year-old woman with carcinoid syndrome and right-sided valvular heart disease is presented. Moderate pulmonary valve stenosis and severe tricuspid valve regurgitation were diagnosed during the evaluation and treatment of neuroendocrine tumor. The possibility of rare valve involvement and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors producing vasoactive substances must be emphasized. The patient had a typically presenting carcinoid syndrome with a rare cardiac manifestation. Although monitoring and treatment were carried out in accordance with recommendations and appropriate to the clinical condition, rapid progression of the metastatic disease ultimately precluded invasive cardiac intervention.

Differential diagnosis of conversion disorders and dysarthria. Case report

The differential diagnosis of conversion speech disorders and dysarthria is difficult, and publications on the topic are scarce. This study describes the case of a 47-year-old woman with conversion disorders mimicking post-stroke dysarthria. A speech-language pathologist analysed the record of the woman’s speech. In speech-language diagnosis, (1) tongue and lips nonverbal movements, (2) reflexes, (3) muscle strength (preliminary clinical assessment), (4) maximum phonation time, (5) diadochokinesis (tongue tests), and (6) articulation were assessed. After the examination based on the Polish version of the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test, aphasia was excluded. Examination results showed great variability in observed symptoms involving the non-verbal and verbal motor skills, which were inconsistent with the patient’s general medical condition. The psychological diagnosis turned out to be insufficient for the patient with conversion speech disorder. Based on this case, the authors underline the need for interdisciplinary cooperation between speech-language pathologist and psychologist in the diagnosis of conversion speech disorders.

Analyzing the Sociological Dimensions of Suicide: Insights from mile Durkheim's Theory

This essay aims to analyze the specific application of mile Durkheim's theory, particularly on suicide, in the field of sociology. The research objectives are to understand the role of social factors in suicide and to explore the insights that mile Durkheim's theory can provide. The research method involves examining the Tianshan Gate incident, a specific case that exemplifies the influence of social factors on suicide. A comprehensive analysis of the incident revealed that social isolation and financial difficulties significantly increase the risk of suicide. This highlights the importance of social integration and support systems in preventing suicide. The findings emphasize the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in studying suicide, as it requires a holistic understanding of individual and social factors. The research concludes that mile Durkheim's theory offers valuable insights into the complex nature of suicide as a social phenomenon and underscores the significance of addressing social determinants for effective suicide prevention. By understanding and addressing the underlying social factors, society can create a supportive environment that reduces the risk of suicide and promotes mental well-being.

Recent Advances in Reproductive Endocrinology: Implications for Fertility Treatment in Gynecology

Within gynaecology, reproductive endocrinology is a crucial field that orchestrates complex hormonal systems that impact fertility outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the latest developments in reproductive endocrinology and how they may improve fertility therapies. Significant advancements have been achieved in reproductive medicine over the last ten years in a number of areas, including ovarian stimulation, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), hormone regulation, endocrine problem management, and future possibilities for clinical practice.
 Technological developments in ovarian stimulation regimens and pharmaceuticals have transformed assisted reproduction by providing customised methods for maximising ovarian response and reducing side effects. enhanced oocyte yields and embryo quality are showing encouraging results from new stimulation regimens and enhanced gonadotropin formulations. In addition, advances in artificial reproductive technologies (ART) like time-lapse imaging and longer culture systems have improved embryo selection strategies, resulting in fewer multiple pregnancies and greater implantation rates.
 Strategies for hormonal regulation that are tailored to each individual's profile have been shown to significantly improve the results of conception. Accurate ovarian stimulation and higher response rates are made possible by biomarker-guided methods that use gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) analogues. Furthermore, current practices emphasise specialised treatments to lessen the influence of endocrine diseases on fertility, such as endometriosis, thyroid dysregulations, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
 Future directions are also considered in the study, including the integration of precision medicine, advancements in fertility preservation, ethical considerations, and the critical need for interdisciplinary cooperation. The use of AI technology, patient-centered care, and genetic profiling signals a revolutionary change towards customised reproductive therapies. To maintain fair access and moral practice in reproductive endocrinology, it is imperative that the field's ethical, legal, and social ramifications be recognised and addressed as it develops.

Cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries - A case based resumé

In August 2022, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) published new guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. In order to cope with the complexity of the patients and the multidisciplinary, representatives of the European Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine as well as 2 patient representatives were involved in the development of the published document in addition to authors from the European Society of Cardiology. As a result, the document contains 147 recommendations on this complex topic, with more than half of them being grade I recommendations.The interdisciplinarity and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in this context is particularly emphasized. Particular attention was also paid to recommendations for action for a structured preoperative risk stratification. The new guidelines also focus on increasing vigilance for perioperative myocardial damage and identifying it at an early stage.In the following article, some of the essential innovations and revisions will be highlighted using practical clinical case studies.

Assessing the epidemiological risk at the human-wild boar interface through a one health approach using an agent-based model in Barcelona, Spain

Wild boar (WB, Sus scrofa) populations are increasing in urban areas, posing an epidemiological risk for zoonotic pathogens such as hepatitis E virus (HEV) and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter (AMR-CAMP), as well as non-zoonotic pathogens such as African swine fever virus (ASFV). An epidemiological extension of a validated Agent-Based Model (ABM) was developed to assess the one-year epidemiological scenarios of HEV, AMR-CAMP, and ASFV in the synurbic WB-human interface in Barcelona, Spain. The predicted citizen exposure was similar for HEV and AMR-CAMP, at 0.79% and 0.80% of the human population in Barcelona, respectively, despite AMR-CAMP being more prevalent in the WB population than HEV. This suggests a major role of faeces in pathogen transmission to humans in urban areas, resulting in a non-negligible public health risk. The ASFV model predicted that the entire WB population would be exposed to the virus through carcasses (87.6%) or direct contact (12.6%) in 51–71 days after the first case, with an outbreak lasting 71–124 days and reducing the initial WB population by 95%. The ABM predictions are useful for animal and public health risk assessments and to support risk-based decision-making. The study underscores the need for interdisciplinary cooperation among animal, public, and environmental health managers, and the implementation of the One Health approach to address the epidemiological and public health risks posed by the synurbization of WB in urban areas. The spatially explicit epidemiological predictions of the ABM can be adapted to other diseases and scenarios at the wildlife-livestock-human interface.

Gene therapy of Hemophilia: Recommendations from the German, Austrian, and Swiss Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH)

Gene therapy has recently become a realistic treatment perspective for patients with hemophilia. Reviewing the literature and our personal experience from clinical trials, we discuss key aspects of hemophilia A and B gene therapy with vectors derived from adeno-associated virus, including predictable results, risks, adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes. Patient selection, informed consent, administration, and monitoring of gene therapy as well as data collection are explained. We also discuss the need for interdisciplinary cooperation with hepatology and other specialties. We emphasize structural and organizational requirements for treatment centers according to the hub-and-spoke model and recommend the use of electronic diaries to ensure safe and timely collection and exchange of data. Electronic diaries will play a key role as a primary source of data for pharmacovigilance, postmarketing clinical studies, national and international registries, as well as health technology and benefit assessment. Reimbursement aspects and the future of gene therapy in adolescents and children are also considered. In a rapidly evolving scientific environment, these recommendations aim to support treatment providers and payers to prepare for the implementation of gene therapy following marketing authorization.

Z doświadczeń specjalistów w aspekcie nauki o płci

In the practice of a family doctor in the context of sexology and sexuology, there is a need for interdisciplinary cooperation. Interesting interdisciplinary experiences of specialists are presented. Science about gender – sexuology is an interdisciplinary science that describes human sexuality in its psychological, sociological, pedagogical, ethical and moral, legal, ethnographic, anthropological, biological, religious and medical aspects. The science of sex – sexology, is indeed an interdisciplinary science that captures human sexuality in the psychological, sociological, pedagogical, ethical and moral, legal, ethnographic, physical, anthropological, biological and religious aspect. The full development of sexuality is essential to achieve individual and interpersonal well-being and social. Its full development depends on satisfying the basics human needs such as: – desire for intercourse, – intimacy, – expression of feelings, – tenderness and love. Because health is a fundamental human right at any age, the same fundamental right must be his sexual health. Sexual rights are universal human right at any age, based on inalienable freedom and dignity and equality of all human beings.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Future Need for Long-Term Care Insurance in Japanese Elderly Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.

Heart failure in elderly people causes physical and cognitive dysfunction and often requires long-term care insurance (LTCI); however, among patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, the incidence and risk factors of future LTCI requirements need to be elucidated. The study included 1,852 patients aged ≥65 years with an echocardiographic LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤50%; we referred to their LTCI data and those of 113,038 community-dwelling elderly people. During a mean 1.7-year period, 332 patients newly required LTCI (incidence 10.7 per 100 person-years); the incidence was significantly higher than that for the community-dwelling people (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.64). On multivariate analysis, the risk factors at the time of echocardiography leading to future LTCI requirement were atrial fibrillation (HR, 1.588; 95% CI, 1.279-1.971), history of stroke (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.583-2.576), osteoporosis (HR, 1.738; 95% CI, 1.253-2.41), dementia (HR, 2.804; 95% CI, 2.075-3.789), hypnotics (HR, 1.461; 95% CI, 1.148-1.859), and diuretics (HR, 1.417; 95% CI, 1.132-1.773); however, the LVEF was not a risk factor (HR, 0.997; 95% CI, 0.983-1.011). In elderly patients with LV systolic dysfunction, the incidence of LTCI requirement was more common than that for community-dwelling people; its risk factors did not include LVEF, but included many other non-cardiac comorbidities and therapies, suggesting the need for interdisciplinary cooperation to prevent disabilities.

Methodological foundations for the interdisciplinary studies of modern book culture

The processes of globalization and the challenges of post-industrial civilization expand the boundaries of research in the social and human sciences significantly and dictate the need for close interdisciplinary cooperation in exploring the ways for adapting traditional sociocultural phenomena to the new conditions of the developing information society. The shift in emphasis from studying traditional booklore from the historical aspects to new book culture is increasingly attracting the attention of researcher in the humanities who are trying to comprehend the current state and predict the vectors for the book culture development in the dynamically changing information environment.Over the past quarter of the century, changes in research approaches are obvious: from offering definitions for the “book culture” concept to understanding the multidimensional nature of this phenomenon and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in the studies. Intensive discussions in academic periodicals demonstrate the diversity of ideas, concepts and research approaches [1].The author analyzes the findings of recent book culture studies from the standpoint of various scientific schools and approaches, provides examples of precise interpretations of philosophical, cultural, documentary aspects of the books’ functioning within the system of culture. The necessity for identifying mutually acceptable guidelines for interdisciplinary cooperation and updating the methodology for studying the books, booklore and book culture is substantiated.

The cGMP Pathway and Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration: Targets, Compounds, and Biomarkers.

Photoreceptor physiology and pathophysiology is intricately linked to guanosine-3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-signaling. Here, we discuss the importance of cGMP-signaling for the pathogenesis of hereditary retinal degeneration. Excessive accumulation of cGMP in photoreceptors is a common denominator in cell death caused by a variety of different gene mutations. The cGMP-dependent cell death pathway may be targeted for the treatment of inherited photoreceptor degeneration, using specifically designed and formulated inhibitory cGMP analogues. Moreover, cGMP-signaling and its down-stream targets may be exploited for the development of novel biomarkers that could facilitate monitoring of disease progression and reveal the response to treatment in future clinical trials. We then briefly present the importance of appropriate formulations for delivery to the retina, both for drug and biomarker applications. Finally, the review touches on important aspects of future clinical translation, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary cooperation of researchers from a diverse range of fields.

A call for Applied Knowledge and Lived Interdisciplinarity in the medical care of depressed employees: a cross-sectional survey with German occupational physicians and psychotherapists

ObjectivesTo identify approaches for an effective patient-centred care of depressed employees, we investigated occupational physicians’ (OPs) and psychotherapists’ (PTs) knowledge about job stressors on the development of depression, application of...

Clinical manifestation of malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region.

Malignant lymphoma (ML) is a neoplasm caused by clonal expansion of undifferentiated B, T and NK-lymphoid cells. WHO classification divides lymphomas into two main types, i.e. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with numerous subtypes. The majority of MLs are localized in lymph nodes, but extranodal locations are also possible. MLs represent approximately 3-5% of all malignant neoplasms in Poland, but their incidence has been increasing in recent years, especially in young patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate clinical manifestations and diagnostic process in patients with malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region as diagnosed in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Medical University of Lodz in years 2013-2017. 30 patients diagnosed with malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region at the Departbadament of Otorhinolaryngology of the Medical University of Lodz in 2013-2017. The study group consisted of 8 cases of nodal lymphomas and 22 cases of extranodal lymphomas. In 29 cases B-cell lymphomas were diagnosed. The most common symptoms included lymphadenopathy or neck tumor. Other symptoms were associated with the location of tumors in particular body organs. The diagnosis was based on histopathological examination of biopsy (needle or surgical) samples. Malignant lymphomas should be taken into account during differential diagnosis of the tumor or lymphadenopathy of the neck. The diagnosis is difficult because of the nonspecificity of symptoms and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation of many specialists.

Physical condition, nutritional status, fatigue, and quality of life in oncological out-patients.

Objective:Early detection of limited physical activity and nutritional deficiencies in cancer survivors could contribute to early treatment and preservation of quality of life. The aim of this study is to describe the association of physical condition and nutritional status with fatigue and quality of life in oncological out-patients.Methods:Data in this descriptive study was collected on bioelectrical impedance analysis, postural stability (stability index), body mass index, Karnofsky Index, quality of life (Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey) and fatigue (multidimensional fatigue inventory-20) in a consecutive sample of 203 oncological out-patients. Phase angle was calculated from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Values were intercorrelated and compared to appropriate standard values.Results:Phase angle and stability index outcomes were far below the values of a healthy population of similar age (p < 0.001). Quality of life was significantly lower than in the normal population (p < 0.001), and the level of fatigue was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Phase angle correlated with Karnofsky Index (p = 0.002) and Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey Summary physical function (p < 0.001). Furthermore, multidimensional fatigue inventory-20 scales ‘physical fatigue’ and ‘reduced activity’ were significantly associated with phase angle (p = 0.04, p = 0.005). Stability indices correlated with Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey physical function.Conclusion:The physical condition and the nutritional status are key components determining the individual quality of life of oncological out-patients. These variables also showed an association with the manifestation of fatigue. Results highlight the need for interdisciplinary cooperation to detect physical, nutritional and psychological deficiencies in oncological out-patients.

Отсроченные последствия пережитого домашнего насилия у женщин и девочек

The article is devoted to theoretical analysis of the impact of domestic violence against women and girls. In the first part of the work with reference to scientific sources and statistical data substantiates the urgency and practical significance to study this problem. Described the sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of families that use various kinds of violence. Provides an overview of domestic and foreign approaches and research focused on clinical, psychological and social consequences of domestic violence. The peculiarities of manifestation, the factors and dynamics of the delayed effects of domestic violence in women and girls. Showing the diversity arising post-traumatic reactions. The conclusion about the high latency of crimes within the family and the difficulties of identifying the effects of this type of offences. Indicates the need for interdisciplinary cooperation to improve the effectiveness of the prevention and rehabilitation of victims of domestic violence.

Building strategic industry-university partnerships

Industry looks to universities and other collaborators as a mechanism for innovation and a source of future employees. Meanwhile, universities are increasingly encouraging R&D partnerships with industry to align with funding trends for research that yields practical outcomes. Recently, the American Chemical Society Committee on Science (ComSci) has focused on the interdisciplinary field of advanced materials. The committee organized an ACS division and journal roundtable and reception in August 2015 (C&EN, Aug. 3, 2015, page 41). Experts from industry and government joined leaders from ACS divisions and journals to discuss the need for interdisciplinary cooperation and collaboration between industry and academia to facilitate creative advances in materials science. Remarkably, however, the roundtable morphed into a valuable discussion about ways to facilitate industry-university collaborations in general, ensure productive outcomes, and prepare students for careers that encompass both industrial and acade...