Need For Inclusive Policies Research Articles

Toward promoting resilience of gender and sexually diverse youth in South African rural school ecologies

IntroductionGender and sexually diverse youth in schools experience exclusion, which detrimentally affects their ability to cope with the consequences of minority stress and may lead to absenteeism or dropout. The purpose of the study is to highlight a pressing need for inclusive policies and practices to aid in enabling LGBTQ+ learners in schools.MethodsThis paper explores how multiple systems intersect to promote a sense of inclusion and engagement within the school environment and impact the resilience of LGBTQ+ youth in a rural school setting. This paper presents findings from a qualitative interpretive phenomenological study with twelve purposively selected self-identifying LGBTQ+ youth residing in a rural South African community. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews.ResultsThis study shows the significance of teacher emotional support, addressing homophobic bullying, moving away from gender-based uniform prescriptions and designating some school bathrooms as gender-neutral to LGBTQ+ learners' resilience.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate how certain schools in rural settings employ innovative methods to support LGBTQ+ learners despite limited resources and the absence of comprehensive, inclusive policies on gender and sexually diverse learners. The findings have implications for LGBTQ+ learners in rural community schools worldwide. Future longitudinal studies could focus on how school ecologies inclusive of teachers, parents and the wider community can foster the resilience of LGBTQ+ learners, particularly in rural community contexts.

Perceived Stress and Outness: Examining the Coping Mediation Framework Among Chinese LGBTQ+ Community

Despite global progress in LGBTQ+ rights, sexual minorities in China face significant societal pressures and legal ambiguities, which remain poorly understood. This study explores the potential mediating role of proactive and preventive coping strategies in the relationship between perceived stress and outness levels among Chinese LGBTQ+ individuals. Survey data from 267 Chinese LGBTQ+ individuals aged 16–42 revealed high levels of perceived stress within this community. Both proactive and preventive coping strategies significantly mediated the negative impact of perceived stress on outness levels. These findings contribute to the understanding of LGBTQ+ community’s perceived stress and outness status in China, highlighting the need for inclusive policies and support systems to improve their mental health and social well-being.

EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION OF THE POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM PROMOTION POLICY IN ALGERIA

Objective: The objective of this paper is to empirically assess the economic impact of tourism promotion policies in Algeria. By utilizing an economic model based on the 2021 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) multipliers, the study aims to quantify the direct, indirect, and induced effects of increased tourism demand on various sectors of the national economy. Specifically, the research seeks to evaluate how tourism expenditure influences production, sectoral output, and income distribution, while also identifying which sectors and economic agents benefit the most from tourism growth. Theoretical Framework: Study is based on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) approach, which examines the interconnections between sectors of the economy and tracks the flow of income and expenditure. It incorporates input-output theory to measure the direct, indirect, and induced effects of increased tourism demand. The concept of economic multipliers is central, highlighting how tourism spending influences various sectors. Additionally, the framework assesses the distribution of benefits across different economic agents, focusing on how tourism impacts production, sectoral output, and income distribution in Algeria. Method: This study uses 2021 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) data to analyze tourism demand in Algeria. It develops an economic model, simulates scenarios, and assesses the economic gains and distribution of benefits, providing a comprehensive evaluation. Results and Discussion: The SAM-based economic model shows that Algeria's tourism demand boosts production and output across sectors, particularly agriculture, hospitality, agri-food, construction, transportation, and energy. However, the benefits are not evenly distributed, potentially leading to income inequality. Policy interventions should focus on equitable income distribution and supporting key industries. Research Implications: Tourism can drive Algeria's economic diversification, reducing dependence on traditional sectors. Inclusive tourism policies are needed to ensure equitable benefits for wage earners and lower-income groups. Future research should focus on sector investment and employment effects. Originality/Value: This study analyzes the economic impacts of tourism promotion policies in Algeria, focusing on the 2021 Social Accounting Matrix. It provides insights into the distribution of benefits and emphasizes the need for inclusive policies. The findings provide actionable insights for policy development.

Enhancing gender-responsive resilience: The critical role of women in disaster risk reduction in Oman

Successful disaster risk reduction (DRR) and preparedness require the active participation of all genders and age groups. However, gender roles and relations are often overlooked in disaster management. This study explores the critical role of women in enhancing gender-responsive resilience within DRR in Oman. It highlights existing gender disparities in DRR strategies and emphasizes the need for inclusive policies that leverage women's knowledge, leadership, and adaptive capacities. By examining Oman's experience with natural disasters (cyclones) and COVID-19, the research underscores the importance of integrating gender perspectives in DRR for more effective outcomes. Utilizing a quantitative survey and statistical analysis, the study investigates variables shaping women's participation in DRR, including knowledge, communication, experience, social protection, and voluntarism. Findings demonstrate the crucial role of women in enhancing disaster resilience and their potential in mitigating disaster risks effectively. Policy recommendations advocate for empowering women and promoting their active participation in DRR to strengthen community resilience and contribute to broader socio-economic development goals in Oman. This study calls on policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to support the pivotal role of women in building resilient societies and to adopt a more equitable approach to disaster management.

Policy Paradoxes in Environmental Sustainability: The Interplay of Socio-Economic Factors, Policy Innovations, and Community Forestry in Thailand

Environmental sustainability and climate mitigation are global priorities requiring innovative policies that balance ecological conservation with socio-economic development. This study examines the interplay between Thailand's greenhouse gas emissions trading, community forestry, and their combined impact on sustainable development through multiple regression analysis. Results reveal a paradox: renewable energy consumption negatively impacts community forests, suggesting land-use competition and policy misalignment. Increased R&D expenditure enhances community forestry, showing the transformative potential of targeted innovation. Income disparity undermines community forestry efforts, highlighting the need for inclusive policies addressing socio-economic inequalities. The positive correlation between CO2 emissions and community forestry extent questions the efficacy of current carbon offset initiatives. This study urges policymakers to adopt a nuanced approach, aligning renewable energy expansion with forestry conservation and addressing socio-economic disparities. These insights challenge conventional sustainability paradigms, advocating for comprehensive policy frameworks to achieve genuine sustainable development and effective climate mitigation.

Double Discrimination: Attitudes toward Syrian and Ukrainian Immigrant Entrepreneurs' Job Postings in Türkiye

This study uses a vignette experiment to examine the discriminatory attitudes towards immigrant entrepreneurs. The aim is to assess how biases based on ethnicity affect the job application intentions directed towards immigrant entrepreneurs, specifically comparing those from Syria and Ukraine with their Turkish counterparts. The research addresses several objectives: to determine whether discriminatory practices against immigrant entrepreneurs differ from those faced by immigrant workers; to explore the presence and nature of discrimination against immigrant entrepreneurs in Türkiye, including taste-based and statistical forms of discrimination; to investigate potential double discrimination between entrepreneurs of Middle Eastern (Syria) and European (Ukraine) origins; and to analyze whether ethnic cues in job advertisements influence job application intentions. Findings reveal that immigrant entrepreneurs experience significant discrimination, with Syrian entrepreneurs facing more bias compared to Ukrainians, influenced by geopolitical and cultural factors. This study offers a new perspective by examining how potential applicants respond to job advertisements from immigrant entrepreneurs, differing from previous research on discrimination faced by immigrant workers. The results highlight the need for inclusive policies and practices to support immigrant entrepreneurs and enhance their participation in the Turkish economy, contributing to a more equitable and diverse entrepreneurial landscape.

“STOP BEING RACIST”: WHAT MALAYSIANS SAY ABOUT RACE ON SOCIAL MEDIA - A THEMATIC ANALYSIS

In recent years, social media platforms, exemplified by X (Twitter), have evolved into pivotal arenas for individuals to connect over shared interests and advocate for important societal issues collectively. This trend has notably surged since GE15, with these platforms serving as dynamic spaces for Malaysians to actively participate in national dialogues spanning social, political, religious, gender, and human rights topics. Through the medium of posts (tweets), these discussions not only spotlight pertinent issues but also unveil the diverse array of Malaysian perspectives. This study employed Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework to delve into social media conversations among Malaysians concerning race/ethnicity and its intersections. Utilizing publicly available posts (tweets) from January 1 to June 30, 2023, which were linked to significant local events, the analysis unearthed several salient themes. These include (1) Race and Ethnicity in Malaysian Society, (2) The Political Dimensions of Race, (3) Religious Influence on Politics, (4) Social Harmony and National Identity, (5) Media and Public Discourse, and (6) Human Rights and Equality. Collectively, these themes offer nuanced insights into Malaysia's multifaceted socio-political landscape. Despite the sometimes cursory nature of discussions on X (Twitter), the analysis reveals that these themes not only reflect racial/ethnic biases and perpetuate stereotypes and oppression but also underscore the urgent need for inclusive policies, respectful dialogue, and collective action to nurture harmony and equity within Malaysian society.

Ethnic Identity and National Unity in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities for Building National Consensus

<i>Background</i>: Ethiopia's rich ethnic diversity has long been a defining feature of its social landscape. The coexistence of numerous ethnic groups within the country offers both opportunities for cultural enrichment and challenges for the formation of a coherent national identity. Historical, political and social dynamics have shaped the complex interplay between ethnic identity and the quest for national unity, warranting a critical examination of the converging forces influencing the socio-political fabric of Ethiopia. <i>Objective</i>: This study aims to systematically analyze the challenges and opportunities related to ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia in order to identify ways to build a sustainable national consensus amidst ethnic diversity. By shedding light on the nuanced dynamics of ethnic identity formation, social cohesion and political agency, the study aims to identify strategies that promote inclusive nation building while respecting the diversity of Ethiopia's ethnic mosaic. <i>Main Findings</i>: The study examined the historical roots of ethnic identity formation in Ethiopia and shed light on the legacy of various cultural traditions, historical grievances and political developments that have shaped contemporary perceptions of ethnicity. It also critically assessed the impact of ethnic federalism, decentralized governance and ethno-nationalist aspirations on the overall quest for national unity and cohesive statehood. Furthermore, the study explored the challenges posed by inter-ethnic tensions, identity-based conflicts and socio-political fragmentation, while identifying the potential opportunities for promoting dialog, reconciliation and inclusive citizenship to strengthen national consensus. <i>Methodology</i>: Using a qualitative approach, the research draws on a comprehensive analysis of secondary sources, including academic papers, historical documents, policy papers and ethnographic accounts. By synthesizing insights from different disciplines such as anthropology, political science and social history, the study has created a holistic understanding of the multi-layered dimensions of ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia. <i>Conclusion:</i> The complex dynamics of ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia underscore the need for inclusive policies that respect the diverse cultural heritage while promoting a common national identity, recognizing historical grievances, addressing inter-ethnic tensions and fostering dialog. Balancing the diverse ethnic mosaic within a unifying national narrative is critical to moving towards sustainable nation building.

Exploring the Consequences of Land Expropriation on the Food Security of Peri-urban Indigenous Communities in Addis Ababa

Abstract Rapid urbanization in Ethiopia, driven by the government's efforts to modernize and diversify the economy, has led to significant land expropriation in the capital city of Addis Ababa and its surrounding areas. This process has resulted in the displacement of peri-urban indigenous communities, particularly in the Addis Ababa and Sheger cities in Oromia region. This study investigates the socio-economic, cultural, and policy implications of land acquisition on these communities. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of a survey of 223 evicted households in Lemmi Kura Sub city of Addis Ababa, we examine the consequences of land dispossession, including loss of livelihood, food insecurity, and inadequate compensation and rehabilitation measures. We also explore potential mitigation strategies, such as sustainable urban planning, land use management, and strengthening community resilience. Our findings highlight the urgent need for inclusive policies that prioritize the rights and well-being of marginalized communities while promoting sustainable urban development.

COVID-19 and Immigrant Status: A Qualitative Study of Malawian Immigrants Living in South Africa

Migration to South Africa is motivated by the pursuit of employment, safety, and improved living conditions. However, immigrants encounter significant challenges, such as restricted access to essential services, which were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Malawian immigrants in South Africa, addressing the lack of attention given to this immigrant population by highlighting their vulnerabilities. Using a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 Malawi immigrants who were over 18 years old and had established residency in South Africa before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Five key stakeholders were also interviewed for additional perspectives and to ensure triangulation and improve data reliability. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis strategies and coding with Nvivo12 software. The study highlighted the exacerbated struggles of Malawian immigrants in South Africa amid the COVID-19 pandemic, uncovering systemic discrimination in healthcare, marked by longer wait times and reluctance from health workers to treat undocumented immigrants. The study also revealed a dire security situation, with immigrants living in high-crime areas and feeling particularly targeted due to their foreign status, a situation worsened by the pandemic’s economic effects. Additionally, the economic downturn induced by COVID-19 significantly impacted employment opportunities, with many immigrants facing prolonged unemployment and job losses, especially in sectors where they traditionally found work. The detailed accounts of participants highlight not only the multifaceted challenges imposed by the pandemic but also the critical need for inclusive policies and support systems that ensure healthcare access, safety, and economic resilience for immigrants, particularly during global health emergencies. Future research should focus on effective interventions for socioeconomic integration and well-being, particularly for immigrants from other African countries.

The Socio-cultural Significance of Street Art in Urban Recreation Spaces

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the socio-cultural significance of street art in urban recreation spaces.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the socio-cultural significance of street art in urban recreation spaces. This study has provided insights into how street art enriched urban environments by reflecting community identity, fostering social interaction, and promoting cultural expression. It highlighted the need for inclusive policies to support street art's positive impact while addressing regulatory challenges. Overall, the research underscored street art's role as a dynamic force for social change and community empowerment within urban landscapes.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Symbolic Interactionism theory, Place Attachment theory and Critical theory may be used to anchor future studies on the socio-cultural significance of street art in urban recreation spaces. The study made comprehensive recommendations across theory, practice, and policy domains. The research emphasized the importance of advancing theoretical frameworks to capture the multifaceted nature of street art's impact, fostering collaboration between street artists, urban planners, and community stakeholders in practice, and advocating for the development of supportive regulatory frameworks and policies at the policy level. By engaging with interdisciplinary perspectives and promoting community-led initiatives, the study aimed to enhance our understanding of street art's role in shaping urban landscapes and fostering social cohesion and cultural expression.

A STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF SEPARATE STATE DEMAND IN NORTH EAST INDIAN STATE OF TRIPURA

This article explores the socio-political dynamics and historical context leading to the demand for a separate state of Tipraland within Tripura, India, focusing on the indigenous Tiprasa peoples' aspirations for autonomy and cultural preservation. Originating from the establishment of the Indigenous People's Front of Twipra (IPFT) in 2009, the demand for Tipraland reflects a culmination of historical grievances, including the failure of the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) to meet the indigenous community's needs, demographic shifts due to refugee influx from neighboring Bangladesh, and the erosion of indigenous cultural and linguistic identity. The article analyzes how these factors have contributed to a sense of alienation and marginalization among the Tiprasa people, further fueled by land alienation, linguistic hegemony, and political underrepresentation. It discusses the recent political developments under the leadership of Bubagra Prodyot Kishore Manikya and the formation of the TIPRA Motha party, highlighting their significant role in revitalizing the demand for a more inclusive Greater Tipraland. The study concludes with recommendations for the Government of India to address the complex interplay of refugee integration, indigenous rights, and regional autonomy to ensure the socio-political and economic wellbeing of the indigenous populations within a cohesive national framework. Through this analysis, the article contributes to the broader discourse on indigenous rights, migration, and state formation in northeast India, emphasizing the need for inclusive policies that recognize the unique challenges and aspirations of indigenous communities.

Current Situation of Breast Cancer in Pakistan and the Dire Need of Early Diagnosis

Globocan statistics underscore Pakistan’s noticeable position in terms of the breast cancer burden, highlighting a concerning and escalating trajectory in its daily progression. Breast cancer stands as the most predominant and fatal malignancy in Pakistan, reporting 25,928 cases in the year 2020, accounting for 14% of all cancer diagnosis. The country is reported to have the maximum incidence and mortality rates in Asia, a dire result of the lack of national cancer registry. Late diagnosis, often determined by sociocultural factors, considerably contributes to the high mortality rate. Several risk factors, such as reproductive factors, age, dietary habits, further complicate the situation. Moreover, economic obstacles deter many from receiving the required treatment. The current review features the dire need for inclusive policies and improved affordability to battle breast cancer’s escalating influence in Pakistan.

'Seeing is believing' - gender disparities in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in Africa: a narrative review.

Various factors affect otolaryngology - head and neck surgery (OHNS) services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); including inadequate infrastructure, limited academic positions, unfavorable hospital research policies, and traditional misconceptions about gender and surgery, among others. Although gender inequalities exist globally, they are particularly pronounced in LMICs, especially in Africa. A comparative narrative literature review for relevant manuscripts from January 1, 2017 to through January 10th, 2024, using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for articles from the United States/Canada and Africa was done. 195 relevant articles were from the United States/Canada, while only 5 were from Africa and only 1 manuscript was relevant to OHNS. The reviewed articles reported that gender disparities exist in medical training, authorship, and career advancement. We highlight possible solutions to some of these disparities to promote a more gender-diversified workforce in OHNS in Africa as well as all over the world. Additional studies on gender disparities in Africa, are needed. These studies will highlight need for inclusive policies, structured and accessible mentorship programs; through which these disparities can be highlighted and addressed. This will in the long run ensure sustainability of OHNS care in LMICs.

Navigating forced migration in the EU: challenges for families with disabled children affected by the Russo-Ukrainian war

This paper examines the challenges faced by migrant families raising children with disabilities during the Russo-Ukrainian War and subsequent mass migration to European Union countries. Drawing on critical refugee studies, critical disability studies, and resilience theory, the study explores the intersecting factors influencing their experiences. Findings from interviews with 30 respondents relocated to 6 countries (the Czech Republic, Germany, France, Hungary, Italy, and Poland) reveal significant barriers to accessing essential services, navigating bureaucratic processes, and adapting to new environments. Despite these challenges, families exhibit remarkable resilience and resourcefulness. Recommendations include enhancing support systems, promoting dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders, and defining mechanisms for responsibility sharing among EU countries. The study underscores the urgent need for inclusive policies and robust support structures to address the unique needs of migrant families raising children with disabilities in forced migration contexts.

A Study on Role of Women in Shaping Digital Marketing: Empowerment and Innovation

The landscape of digital marketing is undergoing a transformative shift, and this research investigates the pivotal role of women in driving innovation and shaping the future of this dynamic field. Drawing upon existing literature and empirical data, this study examines the impact of women's participation, leadership, and empowerment on fostering innovation within digital marketing strategies and practices. Research suggests that gender diversity contributes significantly to innovation and creativity in professional settings (Bell et al., 2018; O'Mara et al., 2020). By analyzing case studies and success stories of women leaders in digital marketing, this study aims to highlight the unique perspectives, contributions, and innovative approaches that women bring to the industry. The study explores the challenges and barriers faced by women in advancing within the digital marketing sphere, emphasizing the need for inclusive policies and initiatives that empower women to excel and lead in this evolving landscape. It also delves into the impact of mentorship, networking, and skill development programs in facilitating women's empowerment and fostering innovation within digital marketing contexts (Dobbin &Kalev, 2016; Eagly& Carli, 2007). Ultimately, this research aims to provide actionable insights for industry leaders, policymakers, and educational institutions to create an environment that not only empowers women in digital marketing but also leverages their contributions for fostering innovation and sustained growth

Perception, experience and resilience to risks: a global analysis

Individual resilience is crucial amid rising global threats, yet risk perceptions and resilience worldwide remain inadequately elucidated. This research pioneers a global-scale analysis of individual risk perspectives and perceived resilience capacities. Leveraging survey data encompassing over 120 countries, we develop novel indices quantifying subjective risk perceptions, experiences, impacts, and resilience across diverse populations. Causal analysis techniques shed light on the complex dynamics shaping individual confidence in their resilience. We unveil vast disparities in risk impacts arising from differential adaptation rates. Income perception emerges as an outsized driver of resilience globally, though its influence varies contextually. Ultimately, this study challenges universal narratives of homogeneous risk experiences and perceived resilience worldwide. The globally-representative indices and causal insights provide vital evidence to inform context-specific, demographically-attuned interventions for strengthening resilience equitably. This research underscores the urgent need for inclusive policies tailored to localised risk landscapes.

Counting the Cost: The Economic Toll of Discrimination Against LGBTQAI+ Individuals in Italy

Abstract This study investigates the financial consequences of perceived discrimination towards LGBTQAI+ people in Italy, focusing on psychological support and medication costs. It highlights the burden of discriminatory experiences, emphasizing the need for policies to minimize costs. A cost analysis was performed according to the NHS perspective. A purposive sample was recruited through a web-based survey spread on Italian researchers’ social networks, asking any LGBTQAI+ readers to answer about discriminatory experiences, access to psychological support, and medication use. Costs of health services use were estimated according to the Italian NHS tariffs and Italian Psychologists’ Board. The time horizon was set at one year and discounting was not necessary. Robustness was checked by a one-way sensitivity analysis. A total of 75 LGBTQAI+ people completed the survey. Most of them (aged 26-35 years, 85%; residing in big cities, 70%; unaffiliated with LGBTQAI+ associations, 88%) reported discriminative actions (60%), with 15% seeking psychological help soon after being victim of a single discriminatory act. Verbal and physical abuse were reported by 88% and 6% respectively. 40% of respondents claimed to have resorted to psychotherapy sessions because of the discomfort felt after acts perceived as discriminatory or violent, amounting to 810 total therapy hours. The total therapy cost was €72,900, of which 60% paid as out-of-pocket expenses, and 40% partially covered by regional Local Health Units. Additionally, 12% of respondents used SSRI or benzodiazepines, costing the National Health System an esteemed €3054. The sensitive analysis confirmed the robustness of results. The study demonstrates the significant economic burden of discrimination against LGBTQAI+ individuals in Italy, emphasizing the need for inclusive policies and accessible mental health support. Further research is required to explore indirect costs, for a comprehensive understanding of the total economic impact. Key messages • Discrimination against LGBTQAI+ individuals in Italy causes significant financial burden due to costs of psychological support and medication. • Inclusive policies and accessible mental health support are needed to address the economic impact of discrimination against LGBTQAI+ individuals in Italy.

The politics of school dress codes and uniform policies: Towards gender diversity and gender equity in schools

Propelled through 21st century social movements, public interest in masculinities, femininities and gender embodiment has intensified. In schools, despite anti-discriminatory legislation, misogyny, homophobia and transphobia persist, pointing to the need for inclusive policies and practices to support gender equity and diversity. Media reporting in Western countries has also raised concerns regarding the impact of school dress codes and uniform policies on student well-being and the regulation of gender identity and gender expression. Underpinned by queer, transgender and feminist perspectives, this paper takes an intersectional approach to investigate how school dress codes and uniforms sustain gender binaries, while eclipsing diverse gender and sexual identities. The discussion is inspired by third wave feminist scholarship, acknowledging that gender, sexuality and race intersect and overlap on an individual and structural level. Results present recommendations for disrupting discriminatory dress codes and uniforms in a broader discussion about school reform.

Assessing child well-being through a new multidimensional child-based weighting scheme index: An empirical estimation for Portugal

Assessing child well-being through composite summary indexes is one of the most recent developments regarding child well-being measurement. Using a new index that takes into account the children's own perspectives, this paper presents empirical evidence on the main determinants of overall child well-being. Econometric estimations, based on a sample of 1246 children enrolled in the 3rd–6th grades of schools located in the Northern region of Portugal, convey two main results: (1) the parents’ educational background and professional status, in particular, an unemployed father, are the most important factors affecting child well-being and (2) children from households with double or foreign nationality are worse off than those with Portuguese nationality. These results support the positive role of policies targeting the qualifications and employment opportunities for parents, as well as the need for inclusive policies for immigrant households as a way to improve their children's well-being.