Human Need Research Articles

From Spaces to Societies: Exploring the Impact of Public Interior Design on Urban Social Interactions

Social interaction is a fundamental human need that involves activities of connection and conversation within urban communities. Previous studies indicated an important approach to enhancing social interactions in urban space to create a livable and sustainable urban community. However, the influences of public interior design on citizen social interactions are underestimated while interior space is where people spend the majority of their time. The primary aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between urban space and interior design and its impact on human social interaction through studies about public interior design. The research method is qualitative and involves studying documents, books, professional magazines, scientific journals, related research projects, and the World Wide Web. The findings of the paper provide a deeper perspective from the standpoint of interior design and underscore the significant responsibilities of interior designers within a larger context, extending beyond the confines of four walls.

Effect of Water Storage Tank Material on Quality of Water with Storage Period

Quality drinking water is of prime importance for human need. Potable water comes from surface water and groundwater sources and it is acceptable for human consumption. The method of storing water plays a crucial role in maintaining its purity and safety for human consumption. Due to lack of continuous water supply, storage tanks are necessary to store water and storage tank material may affect the quality of potable water. The objective of this study is to investigate the variation in water quality during storage for some particular time period in different types of storage containers. 40 days (six weeks) is considered to determine potable water quality variation during storage in different container materials and materials used for containers are plastic tanks, clay pot and Reinforced Cement Concrete. To find the water quality parameters, samples are to be collected at five days interval. During the period of storage, physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters are to be determined. Parameters obtained from above tests are analyzed to understand the effect of age and container material on the quality of potable water. This analysis is useful to choose the material of storage container to store water for a particular period of time.

Initiatives to Covid-19 Cases: A Trend Analysis

Utilizing the five-tier model of the Theory of Needs by Abraham Maslow, safety from disease outbreaks is a fundamental human need (Mcleod, 2020). As such, this study aims to evaluate the national-level initiatives implemented by the Philippine government through a trend analysis of the number of cases and recoveries from February 27, 2020, until April 26, 2023. Moving averages, trend analysis, content analysis, and systems synthesis were used to develop concrete conclusions. Findings show a direct relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and recoveries, with a two-week interval between their uptrends. Surges in cases also occur around the holiday season. The most prominent initiatives the government introduced during uptrends in COVID-19 cases are community quarantine protocols, border control measures, and vaccination efforts. Other inventions include engineering and administrative control, economic and financial assistance, open information system, case definitions of COVID-19, management of non-COVID-19 patients, research centers and testing laboratories, remains of COVID-19 cases and PUIs, and strategic planning. These interventions led to an uptrend in COVID-19 recoveries after two weeks. These strategies could be implemented in health emergencies to mitigate its effects and curb further transmission.

On the Importance of Communicationsin the Field of Pilgrimage and Religious Tourism as a Social and Communication Institution

Pilgrimage is a social communication institution that plays a vital role in forming and strengthening social ties and communication among people. This form of travel has deep roots in religious traditions and reflects the human need for spirituality and the search for meaning in life. Pilgrimage involves traveling with the specific purpose of visiting a holy place or shrine to seek spiritual refreshment, appeal to higher powers, and perform religious rites or penance. This creates favorable conditions for interaction among people who share common beliefs and values. As a social communication institution, pilgrimage contributes to the formation of group identity and community, as people engaged in pilgrimage feel part of a larger community that unites their faith and goals. They communicate, share experiences, meet new people, and interact with residents and other pilgrims, which promotes the exchange of ideas, views, and mutual understanding. Additionally, pilgrimage creates opportunities for the development of social and communication skills. By interacting with different people, pilgrims learn to show tolerance, mutual respect, empathy, and understanding of other cultures and traditions. They acquire the skills of effective communication, the ability to listen and understand others, as well as identify themselves as part of the community. Therefore, pilgrimage, as a social and communication institution, promotes interaction between people, the formation of communities, and the development of social and communication skills. It creates a unique opportunity for communication, exchange of experience and knowledge, as well as deepening of spiritual development and enrichment of the life experience of each pilgrim.

Validation of nursing educational technology for neurogenic bowel rehabilitation in people with spinal cord injury

Introduction: Considered an unpredictable and recurring problem, Neurogenic Bowel does not resolve over time and progressively worsens, translating into a physical and psychological challenge, significantly reducing Quality of Life. Objective: To construct and validate the face and content of an educational technology for use by nurses in the rehabilitation of Neurogenic Bowel in people with Spinal Cord Injury. Materials and Methods: A methodological, quantitative study developed in two stages: the construction of an educational technology on the Canvas platform based on a literature review based on Wanda Horta's Theory of Human Needs and its validation by expert judges. The validation process included nurses with ability in neurogenic bowel in teaching, research or care. The criterion for validation was agreement of over 80%, analyzed using the Content Validation Index and binomial test with confidence intervals of 95.00% (p<0.05). Results: The integrative literature review proved necessary for the construction of the proposed educational technology and covered characteristics of the Neurogenic Bowel, bowel emptying techniques, guidelines and the systematization of nursing care. The protocol was validated by ten expert judges who had graduated in nursing for more than 10 years (100.00%), with an average age of 41.8 years, female (60.00%) and an average training period of 18.6 years. An overall Content Validation Index of 0.96 (p≤0.001) was obtained for the items assessed (objective, content, relevance, functionality, efficiency and appearance/diagramming). Discussion: The implementation of an intestinal rehabilitation program aims, above all, to achieve frequent, regular and consistent stools in people with spinal cord injury and nurses, as multipliers of knowledge, can be facilitators in the teaching-learning process for carers, people with this condition and other members of the healthcare team. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the educational technology has been validated and could help the teaching-learning process for nurses in the clinical practice of caring for people with Neurogenic Bowel Disease.

Digitalized Human Needs to Support Intra-organizational Knowledge Sharing among Knowledge Workers

Digitalized Human Needs to Support Intra-organizational Knowledge Sharing among Knowledge Workers

Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica and Density functional studies on Silver doped Bismuth Selenide nanostructures

The current study uses a hydrothermal technique to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of silver- doped bismuth selenium nanoparticles. Because they are more biocompatible, nanoparticles made of metals, polymers, or lipids are better suited as antibiotics. They behave like molecules, breaking through bacterial cell membranes to obstruct the molecular process. According to the studies, the activity against bacteria is caused by the host immune system being triggered, RNA and protein synthesis being inhibited, biofilm development being inhibited, cell membrane disruption occurring, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) being produced. Low toxicity and a well-established medicinal agent characterize bismuth. It had the property of good X-ray contrast agent due it is huge atomic mass (Z=83). The human body need selenium as a necessary component. In the present work, the prepared Ag doped bismuth selenide nanostructures are characterized using XRD, HRSEM with EDAX. The antibacterial property of Ag doped bismuth selenide nanostructures against gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and gram negative Salmonella enterica analysed by disk diffusion method. The optimized structure, structural parameters, Homo-Lomo, molecular electrostatic potential, dipole moments, polarizability and hyperpolarazibilary are analyzed using DFT method.

Models of Human Behavior for Human-Robot Interaction and Automated Driving: How Accurate Do the Models of Human Behavior Need to Be?

There are many examples of cases where access to improved models of human behavior and cognition has allowed creation of robots which can better interact with humans, and not least in road vehicle automation this is a rapidly growing area of research. Human-robot interaction (HRI) therefore provides an important applied setting for human behavior modeling - but given the vast complexity of human behavior, how complete and accurate do these models need to be? Here, we outline some possible ways of thinking about this problem, starting from the suggestion that modelers need to keep the right end goal in sight: A successful human-robot interaction, in terms of safety, performance, and human satisfaction. Efforts toward model completeness and accuracy should be focused on those aspects of human behavior to which interaction success is most sensitive. We emphasise that identifying which those aspects are is a difficult scientific objective in its own right, distinct for each given HRI context. We propose and exemplify an approach to formulating a priori hypotheses on this matter, in cases where robots are to be involved in interactions which currently take place between humans, such as in automated driving. Our perspective also highlights some possible risks of overreliance on machine-learned models of human behavior in HRI, and how to mitigate against those risks.

РОБОТ-ПОМОЩНИК ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ НАВОЗА В ФЕРМЕРСКИХ ХОЗЯЙСТВАХ

The robots’ use for manure cleaning on dairy cattle farms has several advantages. First of all, it allows to reduce physical stress on employees and work conditions improving. Robots can monotonous heavy tasks, such as manure collection, without the constant human involvement need performing. In addition, manure cleaning robots can be designed for optimal farm available space use making, as well as the environment negative impact minimizing. The cleaning robots’ technical equipment for dairy farms manure removal includes various sensors, cameras, navigation systems and other innovative solutions that allow them tasks with high accuracy and autonomy effectively to perform. However, it must be borne in mind that the robots introduction of on farms requires significant investments in development, acquisition and maintenance of such systems. Therefore, for this project successful implementation, it is necessary the economic feasibility and practical benefits’ assess of manure cleaning robots’ introduction to analyzing. Such robots will be similar to each other, that will their cost reduce, and their price directly affect the product’s profitability. Based on the analyzed information, the manure cleaning robots’ main technical characteristics with their advantages and disadvantages are revealed: the speed of robots is in the range between 6,2 and 10 m/min, productivity - is from 300 till 350 m2/h. The greatest interest for domestic production by manure cleaning robots using a scraper paired with a rotary-stator vacuum mechanism is represented. The data obtained as a study result can be used in manure cleaning robots new samples design, as well as by farmers when choosing a particular model on their farm purchasing.

A CDAHFD-induced mouse model mimicking human NASH in the metabolism of hepatic phosphatidylcholines and acyl carnitines.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the hepatic manifestation of a cluster of conditions associated with lipid metabolism disorders. Ideal animal models mimicking the human NASH need to be explored to better understand the pathogenesis. A choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) has recently been used to induce the NASH model, but the advantages are not established. NASH models were induced using the well-known traditional methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 5 weeks and the recently used CDAHFD for 3 weeks. Liver phenotypes were analyzed to evaluate the differences in markers related to NASH. Lipidomics and metabolism analyses were used to investigate the effects of dietary regimens on the lipidome of the liver. The CDAHFD induced stronger NASH responses than the MCD, including lipid deposition, liver injury, inflammation, bile acid overload and hepatocyte proliferation. A significant difference in the hepatic lipidome was revealed between the CDAHFD and MCD-induced NASH models. In particular, the CDAHFD reduced the hepatic levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and acylcarnitines (ACs), which was supported by the metabolism analysis and in line with the tendency of human NASH. Pathologically, the CDAHFD could effectively induce a more human-like NASH model over the traditional MCD. The hepatic PCs, ACs and their metabolism in CDAHFD-treated mice were down-regulated, similar to those in human NASH.

When safety for you means danger for me: the racial politics of carceral public safety discourse.

Safety is a human right and universal need, and yet we as researchers and practitioners often take for granted the conditions that help people feel safe. In this conceptual review, we focus on factors that contribute to people's sense of safety in service of understanding how, when, and where people feel safe. Moreover, we consider how race, power, and privilege shape people's sense of safety and danger. In doing so, we highlight how public safety is not an objective or static reality but rather a political project that reflects dominant ideologies and serves state interests. We begin this conceptual review with a discussion of how public safety is a social construct whose meaning varies across time, space, and place. Next, we discuss three dominant ideologies that are embedded within collective public safety discourse: permanent bad guy syndrome, the victimization-fear paradox, and the politics of ideal victimhood. Together, these ideologies help to shape carceral public safety frameworks, which is the dominant paradigm in our culture. We then illuminate some of the underlying assumptions within carceral public safety frameworks and their implications for responses to public safety concerns, including elevating the safety concerns of dominant groups while criminalizing undesirable bodies, undermining stigmatized communities' ability to access public safety and justice, legitimizing suspicion and surveillance, incentivizing carceral responses while diverting resources from safety promotion programs, and altering public spaces. In doing so, we highlight how carceral public safety frameworks reflect and reinforce existing injustices while also contributing to the stigmatization, marginalization, and manufactured precarity of social groups deemed undesirable and therefore unworthy of protection. We conclude with a discussion of alternative models of public safety which are rooted in life-affirming frameworks, which focus on improving people's material conditions as a means of lessening and preventing the likelihood and impact of interpersonal violence.

Human Needs and Civilian Violence in United Nations Peace Keeping Operations: A Case of MONUSCO in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Citizens’ protests against UN Peacekeepers in Africa are on the increase. This article draws from MONUSCO's experience in DRC to address one crucial question: Why are local populations launching violent demonstrations against UN Peacekeepers in DRC? The study utilises human needs theory to reveal that unfulfilled civilian security needs manifest in violent mass protests against peacekeepers. This article argues that while civilian protection remains UN’s priority, violent demonstrations against MONUSCO in the DRC and emerging protests elsewhere in Africa put UN’s peacekeeping role into question. The study anticipates continued citizens’ protests unless there is a change in UN’s strategies to enhance the capability of peacekeeping operations. The article utilises qualitative data from key informant interviews and evidence from documentary sources. The analysis indicates that the Congolese population is frustrated with MONUSCO’s failure to protect them from a series of attacks by armed rebels. Consequently, citizens have launched violent demonstrations against peacekeepers to voice their concerns for meeting their security needs. This calls UN to review the peacekeeping strategy to ensure the relevance of peacekeeping operations for the long-term and effective protection of civilians.

Modifikasi Algoritma Edmonds Karp untuk Menentukan Aliran Maksimum Pada Jaringan Distribusi Air PDAM (Studi Kasus Jaringan Telaga Sari PDAM Giri Menang Mataram)

Clean water is the main and basic need for humans which is of concern to the government. Distribution network system is a very important part to delivering water to all consumers. The lack of water discharge distribution in several areas, especially at the end of the pipeline service, is cause by not optimal water distribution, the flow rate of sorce and leak in pipeline effect. This research has to analyze the optimal network model and determine the maximum flow rate from the PDAM pipeline using modified Edmonds Karp algorithm. Modified Edmonds Karp algorithm is a method for calculating maximum flow of a network. Based on analysis of modified Edmonds Karp algorithm there is a less efficient us of pipe in PDAM network and result of maximum flow from the network is 202,30 liter/second. This means it can be adding flow discharge to the water distribution pipe by PDAM for expedite the flow to consumer with the addition of flow should not exceed 202,30 liter/second.

The theory of governance at Qudama bin Jaafar d. 337 AH / 948 AD In his book Al-Kharj and the writing industry

The Muslims cared more than they cared for writing about the policy of managing the state and the system of governance required and the nature of the ruler and his moral qualities, and also how his assistants are from ministers and advisers and other employees, as well as the way the ruler reaches the seat of power. Many scholars of the Islamic nation at that time wrote about this, among them Qudamah bin Ja’far al-Baghdadi, who died in 337 AH / 948 AD, who devoted six chapters to talk about this topic in his book (The Tax and the Art of Writing) in the eighth (last) position, speaking in importance to the need of people to establish governance and what are the specifications of kings (rulers) and their responsibilities and how their relations with the people are. The research was divided into three topics: the first dealt with a brief biography of Qudamah bin Ja’far and his author (The Tax and the Art of Writing), and the second the human need for a system of governance, and the third in the morals of kings and the qualities of their employees from ministers and others from the royal court staff.

동물, 그리고 믿음

This paper explores the distinctive features of Yann Martel’s novels, specifically focusing on the role of animals and the theme of belief in his works Life of Pi and The High Mountains of Portugal. The analysis delves into Martel’s unconventional views on belief, which deviate from traditional religious perspectives. The study investigates Martel’s underlying motivations for consistently employing animals as vehicles for conveying his perspectives on belief. This paper argues that Martel employs animals as potent vehicles to underscore the limitations of rationality and objectivity emphasizing the role of belief in human existence. In Life of Pi, the protagonist’s survival with a Bengal tiger in a lifeboat prompts a deeper inquiry into the essence and significance of belief. Blurring the lines between realism and fantasy, Martel proposes a new idea of faith that transcends traditional institutional frameworks of religion. In The High Mountains of Portugal, Martel appropriates Christian narratives to depict the three stages of human belief. Animals are employed as symbols of the protagonists’ spiritual states. They also serve as guides in their spiritual journey, driving the protagonists toward belief Overall, Martel’s exploration of belief employing animals illustrates human need for belief and the interconnectedness of beliefs and stories.

Developing interpretable models and techniques for explainable AI in decision-making

The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies across various industries and decision-making processes has undeniably transformed the way of approaching complex problems and tasks. AI systems have proven their prowess in areas such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, revolutionizing how decisions are made. Nevertheless, this proliferation of AI has raised critical concerns regarding the transparency, accountability, and fairness of these systems, as many of the state-of-the-art AI models often resemble complex black boxes. These intricate models, particularly deep learning neural networks, harbor non-linear relationships that are difficult for human users to decipher, thereby raising concerns about bias, fairness, and overall trustworthiness in AI-driven decisions. The urgency of this issue is underscored by the realization that AI should not merely be accurate; it should also be interpretable. Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a vital field of research, emphasizing the development of models and techniques that render AI systems comprehensible and transparent in their decision-making processes. This paper investigates into the relevance and significance of XAI across various domains, including healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems, where the ability to understand the rationale behind AI decisions is paramount. In healthcare, where AI assists in diagnosis and treatment, the interpretability of AI models is crucial for clinicians to make informed decisions. In finance, applications like credit scoring and investment analysis demand transparent AI to ensure fairness and accountability. In the realm of autonomous systems, transparency is indispensable to guarantee safety and compliance with regulations. Moreover, government agencies in areas such as law enforcement and social services require interpretable AI to maintain ethical standards and accountability. This paper also highlights the diverse array of research efforts in the XAI domain, spanning from model-specific interpretability methods to more general approaches aimed at unveiling complex AI models. Interpretable models like decision trees and rule-based systems have gained attention for their inherent transparency, while integrating explanation layers into deep neural networks strives to balance accuracy with interpretability. The study emphasizes the significance of this burgeoning field in bridging the gap between AI's advanced capabilities and human users' need for comprehensible AI systems. It seeks to contribute to this field by exploring the design, development, and practical applications of interpretable AI models and techniques, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the trust and understanding of AI-driven decisions.

THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CONSUMER PROTECTION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOOD PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA

The development of science and technology has triggered the use of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the transplantation of genes into other genes, both between genes and across genes, to produce valuable products for living creatures. Genetically engineered food products, due to the development of modern biotechnology in the field of genetic engineering technology, have given rise to new legal problems because of the possibility of posing a risk to human health. This research uses a normative juridical approach with an emphasis on secondary data. This research uses doctrinal research methods. The research specifications used are analytical descriptive. The research results show that there is no special legal protection for consumers of genetically engineered food products, because it still refers to consumer protection contained in the UUPK. It should be noted that genetic effects resulting from human genetic engineering need legal protection. Protection and intellectual property rights, where everyone, individually or collectively, must be a consumer of goods and services, so the parties need equal legal protection. Therefore, the responsibility of producers of genetically engineered food products for consumer losses must be able to fulfill the principle of justice because the economic position of producers is higher than that of consumers. By implementing the principle of absolute responsibility, the producer responsibility law will foster an attitude of caution for producers of genetically engineered food products to maintain the quality of their products.

Carrying Capacity of Education Facilities in Banawa Sub-District, Central Sulawesi Province

Education is a basic human need with the aim of achieving high productivity. The results of field surveys in Banawa Regency show that the availability of educational facilities to meet educational needs, based on population projections in 2044, has not yet reached the optimal level. Therefore, careful planning is needed in improving and placing educational facilities. This research aims to evaluate the availability of educational facilities according to the needs of the population, by applying an analysis of the carrying capacity of facilities based on public service standards regulated in SNI 03-1733-2004 concerning urban area planning. The methodology used involves analysis of the carrying capacity of facilities to determine the population's need for educational facilities, population projections using geometric formulas to calculate the expected number of residents in the projected year, as well as spatial analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) software to assess the distribution of facilities. education in Banawa District. The findings from this research indicate that currently there are 82 units of educational facilities in Banawa District, consisting of 39 PAUD units, 31 elementary school units, 8 junior high school units, and 4 high school units. However, additional educational facilities are needed by 7 PAUD units, 5 elementary school units, 4 junior high school units and 8 high school units in Banawa District.Keywords: Education, Facilities, Carrying Capacity, Banawa

Pemahaman Pelaku Usaha dalam Mengurus Sertifikasi Halal Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM)

Human need nutrition. The need for nutritien as food is fundamental. Food includes all the basic needs that the body absorbs, such as water, medicines and other substances for body health. On he health side, food not only functions as a source of energy in the body, but can also spread disease. So it is necessery to do food sanitation to avoid disease. On this basis, an understanding of food health as well as halal and good food needs to be dissimenated by government agencies throuth the ministry of relegion, particularly regarding halal certification. This is the basis of the researc carried out, how is the understanding of bussines actors in managing the steps for halal certification for UMKM. This reseach methode is descriptive qualitative with the type of field research. The research was conducted in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau. The result of this study show that the understanding the halal certification is quite good, but the socializatin needs to be improved so that knowledge about halal product is even better. One of the organization that can carry out this sosialization is Non-PNS Islamic Religious Extension.

The importance of catholic social coexistence rules for the effectiveness of provided and received support

Objectivesnot applicableMaterial and methodsnot applicableResultsnot applicableConclusionsThis article consists of four parts. The first part presents issues concerned with the human need for social support. The presented analysis of the issue is based on experiences of living during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second part presents the characteristics of provided and received social support. Finally, the third part presents Catholic social coexistence rules as norms which can shape a personalistic social order. Additionally, this final section provides the practical implications of implementing two principles - love and subsidiarity - in order to increase the effectiveness of provided and received support. The last part consists of the final conclusions referring to the possibility of applying the Catholic principles of social coexistence in building assistance-providing relationships. The article attempts to answer questions on the importance of the principles of social coexistence for interpersonal support, both to help other people and to receive support from the social environment. In this context, two research questions can be posed. Are the principles of social coexistence essential for providing help to another human being? Are the rules of social coexistence important for people receiving support from others?