Need For Continuing Education Research Articles

Nurses' knowledge of patients´' swallowing ability

Background: oropharyngeal dysphagia is the result of a series of neuromuscular disorders that can impair swallowing. These alterations compromise adequate nutritional support and often endanger the safety of the person with dysphagia. The prevalence of dysphagia is known to increase with age, but it is still an underdiagnosed problem, which should be a concern for nurses. Objective: To identify nurses' knowledge of patients' swallowing ability in a Portuguese hospital. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 62 nurses. The online survey includes sociodemographic/ professional indicators, an assessment of nurses' knowledge of swallowing ability, relevant data for dysphagia diagnosis and compensatory swallowing strategies. Results: 62 nurses were included, mostly female (80.6%), with an average age of 38.50 years, with a prevalence of those under 39 (53.2%), with a degree (71.0%) and who had been working in the profession for 14 years or less (54.8%), there was a higher percentage of men who had not had any training in dysphagia compared to women (66.7% vs. 52. 0%). The multiple linear regression showed as predictors of knowledge of swallowing ability: knowledge of relevant data to diagnose dysphagia, knowledge of compensatory strategies and inversely professional exercise (p<0.000). Conclusions: The higher the knowledge about compensatory swallowing strategies and the knowledge about the relevant data for diagnosing dysphagia, and the shorter the time spent in professional practice, the greater the nurses' knowledge about dysphagia. These results suggest the need of continuous education about dysphagia for more experienced professionals. What is the main contribution to evidence-based practice from this research? The article contributes to promote a a better Identification of nurses' knowledge about the signs of dysphagia and compensatory swallowing strategies in case of dysphagia.

Improving vector-borne disease control in Albufeira

Abstract The Albufeira Health Centre (CSA) comprises various functional units within primary healthcare. Recognizing the limited awareness of colleagues regarding the Vector Surveillance Network (REVIVE), responsible for entomological surveillance of mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies, the Public Health Unit (USP) initiated a project to improve coordination and knowledge sharing. Implemented in April 2023, the project involved a multidisciplinary team. Informational materials on vector surveillance and control, clinical guidance for common vector-borne diseases (VBDs), tick collection protocols, and specimen registration forms were distributed. A video highlighting entomological surveillance and strategies for prevention and control was disseminated. To date, the project has recorded 45 views of the video (51%). A questionnaire distributed among the target population revealed that only 20% had knowledge of the epidemiological importance of vectors in the Algarve region. None were familiar with REVIVE or its work. Furthermore, participants were not acquainted with the Aedes albopictus mosquito species. Regarding ticks, 20% felt confident in tick removal, but none were aware of the tick genera in the Algarve region. Only 20% were aware of notifiable vector-borne diseases through SINAVE. Training sessions on this topic were suggested. The project emphasized the significance of communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals in the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. It highlighted the need for continuous education on VBDs, surveillance techniques, and control measures. This innovative project can serve as a model for healthcare centres and countries, contributing to global efforts to improve the response to vector-borne diseases. The project's outreach extended to the Municipal Albufeira Animal Welfare Centre. A new questionnaire will be distributed to gather additional insights and enhance the impact of the project. Key messages • The project aims to improve integration of primary healthcare services for vector-borne diseases, increasing awareness and training for healthcare professionals. • This innovative project promotes prevention culture and replicable adaptations for improved response to vector-borne diseases.

‘It breaks my heart’: Healthcare practitioners’ caring for families with epidermolysis bullosa

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a painful genodermatosis presenting with skin fragility and blisters. There is no cure; the prognosis is guarded and depends on the subtype of the disease. Managing these patients can be emotionally challenging for healthcare practitioners.Aim: To determine the perceptions, impact, and needs of healthcare practitioners (HCP) caring for patients and their families with EB.Setting: Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, Durban and Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: The study was guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 healthcare practitioners. Guba’s trustworthiness framework was used to ensure rigour.Results: Six global themes were identified, each related primarily to the perceptions, impact, and needs of healthcare practitioners. The experiences and perceptions of healthcare practitioners were that caring for patients with an incurable disease such as EB could negatively impact healthcare practitioners. There were divergent views among the disciplines of HCPs regarding the extent of care in a resource-limited environment. This resulted in negative emotions, ethical concerns, and a need for continued medical education and the application of coping strategies. Healthcare practitioners observed that patients and their families were vulnerable, requiring comprehensive biopsychosocial care.Conclusion: Healthcare practitioners should be aware of their emotional challenges, seek support where necessary, and use effective coping strategies and self-care.Contribution: The concerns and needs of healthcare practitioners are highlighted and interventional strategies to assist healthcare practitioners are suggested which will ultimately improve patient care.

The Transformative Power of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force in the field of dentistry, reshaping traditional practices and revolutionizing patient care. This abstract explores the transformative power of AI in dentistry, highlighting its potential to enhance diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. AI-driven algorithms, powered by deep learning and machine learning techniques, have shown remarkable capabilities in the analysis of dental images, such as radiographs and intraoral scans, leading to more accurate and efficient disease detection. Moreover, AI systems have enabled personalized treatment planning by considering individual patient characteristics and historical data, leading to optimized treatment regimens. This abstract also delves into the role of AI in improving patient engagement and telemedicine services, making dental care more accessible and convenient. Furthermore, the integration of AI in dental practice management has streamlined administrative tasks, allowing dental professionals to focus more on patient care. AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants have enhanced patient communication and appointment scheduling. However, the adoption of AI in dentistry is not without its challenges, including concerns about data privacy, ethical considerations, and the need for continuous training and education for dental professionals. In conclusion, the transformative power of AI in dentistry is undeniable, offering the potential to improve diagnostics, treatment planning, patient engagement, and practice management. Embracing AI technologies in a responsible and ethical manner has the potential to elevate the quality of dental care, making it more efficient, accurate, and patient-centric. This abstract underscores the need for continued research, regulation, and collaboration among dental professionals, technologists, and policymakers to unlock the full potential of AI in dentistry while addressing its associated challenges.

Radiological Risk Assessment of Radon Inhalation in Offices of Selected Institutions in Southwestern Nigeria

The deleterious health implication of human exposure to radon gas has attracted considerable research attention worldwide. Thus, with the increase in number of tertiary institutions in Nigeria whose population predominantly comprises the youth and adults in their productive years. This study hereby estimates the radiological risk associated with radon inhalation induced by the geological of selected tertiary institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. The radon concentration was assessed with Electret Passive Environmental Radon Monitor (E-PERM). The lithology and age of the buildings were also considered for probable effect on the radon concentration. The value of the radon concentration ranged between 2.60 to 219.57 Bqm-3. The lithology feature on which each building was constructed as well as the age of the building was also found to influence the indoor radon concentration. The radiological indices of the rooms ranged from 0.018 to 1.518 mSvy-1 for annual effective dose (AED), 0.004 to 0.335 WLMy-1 for annual exposure (AE), and 1.98 x 10-6 to 1.67 x 10-4 MPY-1 for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). Hence, there is need for continuous education of the people to take adequate preventive measures in mitigating indoor radon level.

Risk Perception About HIV Among University Students in One of the Last Hotspots for HIV Transmission in Europe

BackgroundHIV testing in the Northern Kosovo province is challenging, because the infrastructure is being rebuilt after the ethnic conflict. The purpose of this research was to examine self-perceived risk for acquiring HIV infection and factors associated with risk assessment among university students.MethodsStudents completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic data, knowledge about HIV prevention and transmission, attitudes toward people living with (PLHIV) and self-perceived risk for HIV infection. The self-perceived risk was categorized as low, unknown and high.ResultsThe majority of students (72.5%) assessed their risk as low, 8.5% assessed their risk as high and 19.1% did not know their risk. Compared to low self-perceived risk, high self-perceived HIV risk was associated with being male, having lower knowledge about HIV prevention, less strong Segregation and protection attitude toward PLHIV, stronger Ignorance and indifference attitude toward PLHIV and positive opinion about gays/lesbians. Students who perceived own risk for acquiring HIV as high had lower knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention. However, those who were previously tested for HIV, despite their poorer knowledge about HIV prevention, assess their HIV-related risk as low.ConclusionsStudents assessed their risk of HIV infection mostly as low. Still, lower knowledge of HIV prevention has been consistently associated with a high and unknown risk of HIV. Moreover, being ignorant and indifferent about PLHIV was associated with increased self-perceived HIV risk. These findings highlight the need for continuous specialized HIV-related education to reduce fear and stigma of PLHIV and HIV testing as well as risky behaviors.

Ethical Practice for Postgraduate Students in Orthopedics: Nurturing Professionalism and Patient Care.

In the domain of orthopedics, ethical practice significantly influences professionalism and the quality of patient care delivered by postgraduate students. This narrative review aimed to investigate the implementation and impact of an ethics-centric curriculum tailored for orthopedic postgraduate students. The proposed curriculum incorporates methodologies such as case-based learning, interactive discussions, and dedicated mentoring sessions, focusing on the unique ethical challenges encountered in orthopedics. Introducing the curriculum provided postgraduate students with a robust foundation in ethical principles, enhancing effective communication, and fostering better doctor-patient relationships. Consequently, the students displayed an increased aptitude in navigating intricate ethical dilemmas in their clinical practice. There is a crucial need for continuous ethics education in orthopedics. Creating a supportive learning environment is essential to cultivate professionalism and promote patient-centered care. This study underscores the transformative potential of ethics training in molding orthopedic professionals who are both competent and deeply committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards.

O.4.3-2 Teaching movement and physical activity in Early Childhood Education and Care, an obvious and important objective, or a challenging and provocative task for educators?

Abstract Movement and physical activity (MoPA) are critical to children’s health and development. Most children aged 1-5 years are enrolled in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Sweden. High expectations are placed on educators to deliver education of sufficient quality to support children’s development. Purpose The aim of the 18-month-long action-based study was to investigate how 88 ECEC educators in five preschools experienced their MoPA-teaching. Methods The educators planned and implemented MoPA sessions in a trial-and-error manner among children. They filmed sequences from the sessions, which were shown in focus groups led by the researcher. The film sequences were the starting point for the collegial discussions. Results Content analysis of the transcribed focus group discussions revealed three themes with each two subcategories (in brackets): 1. Teaching aspects (educator’s competence; educator’s role modeling);2. Educational aspects (children’s development; children’s health and wellbeing); 3. Structural aspects (curriculum; environment). Most educators perceived their competence to teach MoPA as insufficient, which was perceived as a troublesome barrier. The teaching sessions were often replaced with free play. During the project the educators became aware of children’s different MoPA-levels and that free play did not always increase the children’s motor skills. Despite this awareness, most of the educators were not prepared to leave their comfort zones, to invest time, work, or effort to improve the MoPA-education. Most of the educators felt it was difficult to assume the role of a physically active role model for the children. They demonstrated the need for continuous education to enhance the pedagogic content knowledge for adequate MoPA-teaching. Many educators demonstrated that teaching MoPA was seen as an arduous task, although they were aware of the importance of children’s motor skill learning and physical activity for a healthy development. They thought it was difficult to keep moving children in order and they preferred sedentary activities where their leadership was perceived as sufficient. Conclusions The pedagogical content knowledge in MoPA is low among ECEC-educators and the MoPA-teaching is often seen as difficult to implement and is therefore unfavorably treated in ECEC, which may have negative implications for children’s actual and future health.

Awareness Level of Information Security Managers in Small Enterprises in Poland

The security of information assets largely depends on the real level of knowledge of those managing the information system. Particularly important is the knowledge acquired on an ongoing basis through reading and analysing: new reports published by specialised intelligence services worldwide, thematic portals, industry and scientific publications. Today's rapid pace of development of information, communication systems means that knowledge of digital information security acquired a year or more ago becomes partly outdated. Although there are specific, unchangeable canons of behaviour, proceedings in the processes of information protection - they are only a foundation for building an effective system of protecting intangible resources. Special attention should be paid to the fact that information protection is not an individual activity - it is a process running parallel to all processes operating in enterprises. The global pandemic situation has had an irreversible impact on the perception of information asset security. The situation in which most business entities were forced to work remotely necessitated a new approach to information security among its managers. The relatively stable environment of business entities until the pandemic suddenly forced the use of new techniques and technologies enabling work from private, home networks. Have such conditions changed the attitudes of security managers to the need for continuous education, to expand their knowledge in this area? Did those responsible for the security of intangible assets gain more experience with information security during the pandemic? The aim of this article is to present research on the knowledge and awareness of information security managers conducted before the pandemic in 2018 and 2019 among small businesses in Poland on the real perceptions of those responsible for information security and to compare them with the same research conducted in 2022 after the pandemic.

Prescription high-risk polysubstance use among opioid maintenance treatment patients.

Among individuals receiving buprenorphine or methadone as opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), concomitant use of other central nervous system depressants, including prescription drugs, can increase risk of overdose. We aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of use of high-risk prescription drugs (opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine-related drugs, and gabapentinoids) among OMT patients, 2) calculate its associations with different mental health and pain-related diagnoses, and 3) compare prevalence of concomitant use with the general population. A national sample comprising all individuals filling at least one prescription of OMT drugs in Norway in 2019 was formed. Healthcare registry data were linked to investigate high-risk prescription drug use and different diagnoses. We calculated one-year prevalence of use, amount dispensed in defined daily doses (DDDs), and the number of prescribers for the different high-risk prescription drugs. Logistic regression was used to determine associations (adjusted odds ratios; aOR, 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) between diagnoses and use. Prevalence of use was calculated both in the OMT patient sample and the general population. Among the OMT patient sample (n=7,299), 47.6% (n=3,476) filled prescriptions for benzodiazepines. For each high-risk prescription drug group, there was a median of 1-2 prescribers. Musculoskeletal diagnoses were the strongest factor for concomitant high-risk prescription drug use for both males (aOR 3.23, CI: 2.72-3.85) and females (aOR 3.07, CI: 2.42- 3.90). The 1-year prevalence of benzodiazepine use was 11.4 times higher for males and 7.1 times higher for females in OMT than the general population. The amount in DDDs was higher for every drug for OMT patients than the general population, particularly for benzodiazepines. OMT patients frequently filled prescriptions for high-risk drugs, and in higher dosages than the general population. However, we found little evidence of 'doctor shopping.' Given that these prescription drugs carry overdose risk, particularly when combined with OMT drugs, our findings emphasize the continued need for education and caution to both prescribers and patients on their concomitant use with OMT.

Uncovering Financial Fraud: The Vital Role of Forensic Accounting and Auditing in Modern Business Practice

Abstract This article explores the critical roles of forensic accounting and auditing in modern business, focusing on uncovering financial irregularities and promoting transparency. Through a meticulous literature review and analysis, the study emphasizes the significance of these practices. The purpose is to underscore their importance, methodologies, and implications. Methodologically, the article employs a comprehensive literature review and meticulous analysis of real-world applications. It investigates cases of corporate fraud, financial statement analysis, and dispute resolution. Ethical and legal considerations are highlighted, emphasizing the adherence to professional codes and standards. The study reveals that forensic practices are pivotal in detecting financial misconduct, upholding financial transparency, and ensuring accountability. Technological advances, such as data analytics and AI, enhance efficiency and accuracy. The research establishes the need for continuous development and professional education to tackle the evolving financial challenges. In summary, this article highlights the central roles of forensic accounting and auditing in modern business, their methodologies, and ethical considerations. The study underscores their importance in detecting financial fraud, promoting transparency, and fostering trust.

Primary care nursing competencies in Canadian undergraduate nursing programs: A national cross-sectional survey

AimTo assess the extent to which Canadian undergraduate baccalaureate nursing programs have incorporated Canadian competencies for Registered Nurses in primary care into their curricula. BackgroundCanadian competencies for Registered Nurses in primary care have several benefits, including their ability to inform primary care education in undergraduate nursing programs and to assist in building a robust primary care nursing workforce. DesignWe conducted a national cross-sectional survey of undergraduate baccalaureate nursing programs (n = 74). MethodsThe survey was conducted between April-May 2022. We used a modified version of the “Community Health Nurses’ Continuing Education Needs Questionnaire”. Respondents indicated their level of agreement on a 6-point Likert scale with 47 statements about the integration of the competencies in their program (1 = strongly disagree; 6 = strongly agree). ResultsThe response rate was 51.4%. The overall mean across the six competency domains was 4.73 (SD 0.30). The mean scores of each domain ranged from 4.23 (SD 1.27) for Quality Assurance, Evaluation and Research to 5.17 (SD 0.95) for Communication. ConclusionsThere are gaps in how these competencies are included in undergraduate education programs and opportunities to strengthen education for this growing workforce in Canada.

Characteristics and behaviours of young people who meet online contacts face-to-face

ABSTRACT The internet provides opportunities for social interactions which first occur in an online environment that can lead to meeting up in real life. However, growing concerns around safety and privacy warrant greater study of this modern-day phenomenon. Using a longitudinal dataset of approximately 4,300 20-year-olds in Ireland, this study finds one-in-three report meeting someone from online. Multiple regression reveals that females are less likely to engage in such behaviour, while the trait of ‘openness’, spending more time on the internet, being non-heterosexual, using dating apps, and being sexually active at 17 years are positively associated. Early exposure to information and communication technologies, as indicated by mobile phone ownership at 9 years, is also associated with online-to-offline encounters. A range of policy considerations are discussed, including the continued need for education in e-safety and cyber safety awareness from a young age through young adulthood, particularly for groups such as LGBT communities.

Helmet Fitting: One Size Does NOT Fit All!

Coaches play an important role in ensuring that safety measures, including proper helmet fit, are practiced in youth and high school football. If proper guidelines and safety checks are adhered to, helmets will function as they are intended for in injury prevention and protection. Studies have shown that approximately 84% of youth and high school football helmets are improperly fitted, thus demonstrating the need for continued education and increased competency among novice and seasoned coaches to meet the guidelines and standards for proper fit. The purpose of this article is to (1) provide an infographic as a quick reference guide that can be used to assist coaches and players in remembering the steps of how to size, check, fit, stress and recheck a helmet and (2) demonstrate the minimum criteria coaches need to proficiently implement to properly fit a helmet so best practices toward greater safety can be achieved in youth and high school football.

General knowledge and practice of household dog owners regarding gastrointestinal parasites in Cebu, Philippines.

Canine gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites are of public health and veterinary concern and are harmful to both humans and animals. The risk of transmitting GIT parasites can be minimized depending on dog owners' knowledge and management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dog owners' general knowledge and practices regarding GIT parasites. A structured questionnaire containing 10-point Likert statements was administered to 130 respondents in Cebu, Philippines, to obtain information about their profile (age, sex, civil status, and educational attainment) and data regarding their home environment, number of dogs and other pets owned, and their knowledge and practices regarding canine GIT parasites. These respondents had previously provided canine stool samples for fecalysis. Most respondents were female (65.4%), 18-24 years old (55.4%), single (71.5%), and educated to college level (49.2%). Housing styles were mostly gated (76.9%), and >50% had a garden. The majority owned 1-3 dogs (56.9%) and did not own any other pets (73.8%). All knew about canine GIT parasites. There was a significant association between GIT parasite positivity in dogs and the owner's sex (p = 0.005). Gastrointestinal parasite positivity was also associated with the owner's knowledge about the transmission of parasites from the mother's milk to her puppies (p = 0.001), canine intestinal parasites potentially causing weight loss, diarrhea, and vomiting (p = 0.001), and dogs potentially becoming infected with parasites from licking or sniffing the soil or grass where other animals have been (p = 0.005). Moreover, there was a significant association between GIT parasite positivity and the owner's practice of daily cleaning of the areas where the dog defecated (p = 0.001), deworming every 6-12 months (p = 0.001), and unfailingly following the vaccination and deworming schedule (p = 0.006). Finally, the summative knowledge and practice level of the owners were significantly associated with GIT parasite positivity (p = 0.001). This study highlights the need for continuous education of dog owners to maintain good knowledge and practices to prevent GIT parasite infection. Frequent deworming (once a month) of adult dogs is recommended.

Utilisation and Predictors of Breast Self-Examination among Female Nurses in a Tertiary Medical Centre in North Central Nigeria

The incidence of breast cancer is increasing in many underdeveloped nations and constituted a major public health burden. Despite this, most breast cancer patients in many underdeveloped nations present with late diseases when few options of treatment are available. Early detection through screening remains the main means of improving breast cancer outcomes. Nurses are a group of healthcare professionals and are thus expected to advocate for breast cancer screening programs. This study was conducted to determine the extent of utilisation and predictors of the practice of breast self-examination among nurses in a tertiary health care centre. The study prospectively surveyed 189 nurses on knowledge and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were obtained through a pretested self-administered structured questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 41.44 (±5.66) years. Sixty-seven (35.4%) of the respondents practiced BSE of which only 31.3% practiced it monthly as recommended. Family history of breast cancer (p<0.001), age greater than 50 (p<0.001), post-menopausal women (p<0.001), and posting in surgical-related wards (p<0.001) were significantly associated with the practice of BSE. The practice of BSE among the respondents was poor and the few who practiced it lacked the correct technique. The teaching of BSE should be encouraged at nursing schools with an emphasis on practice and techniques. We also suggest a need for continued nursing education. Keywords: Breast self-examination, utilisation, predictors, nurses, breast cancer, screening.

Thực trạng đào tạo liên tục của điều dưỡng tại Bệnh viện 199, Đà Nẵng giai đoạn 2020 – 2022

A cross-sectional descriptive study, combining quantitative and qualitative methods was conduct to describe the current situation and the need for continuous medical education (CME) of nurses at 199 Hospital in the period of 2020 - 2022. Quantitative research on questionnaires on 219 nurses, qualitative research conducted 03 in-depth interviews with management subjects and 04 nursing group discussions. The percentage of nurses participating in continuous education in professional care for patients and performing nursing techniques is still low, less than 50%. The lowest is taking care of dying patients and deceased ones (30.6% in 2022). Current status of continuous education for nurses during the Covid-19 epidemic, the lowest percentage is Telenursing (43.8% in 2021). About other fields, the lowest is scientific research at 26% (2022). In conclusion, the percentage of nurses participating in nursing practice is still low in 2020-2021, and the demand for nursing training in nursing is not high in 2022 and the following years, only high for some management positions. The study makes recommendations to encourage nurses to participate in CME courses to achieve 100% rate. Keywords: Nurses, continuing medical education, hospital.

BACK BACKGROUND, THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND PRINCIPLES OF HEUTAGOGY

The article highlights the results of a theoretical study of the concept of heutagogy, its theoretical foundations and principles. Heutagogy is based on humanistic theory and approaches to learning, applying a holistic approach to the development of adult learners' abilities. It presents a new concept of learning, an innovative model of learning that meets the current requirements of the time, complex and dynamic changes that define our lives and are reflected in the need for continuous education and lifelong learning, with an emphasis on the requirement of an active and independent approach to these processes. It is proved that both heutagogy and andragogy emphasise self-directed and self-regulated learning. It has been found that heutagogy describes self-regulated learning as a holistic process that lasts throughout life. Learning is learner-centred and the learner is the best judge of their own learning needs. The needs of the learner are at the centre of the educational process. The main principles of heutagogy include: human activity (student centredness), non-linearity of learning, teachers focus on the learning process rather than content, learning goes beyond a specific discipline, learning takes place through the independent choice and self-directed action of an adult learner. It has been established that heutagogy focuses on the ability of adults to reproduce acquired knowledge and skills, to be able to use the competencies acquired in the learning process to solve new problems and to use these competencies effectively in unfamiliar contexts. Consider able attention is also paid to the ability to work creatively and the ability to cooperate in a team. The study of workplace learning that uses heutagogical learning strategies, such as action learning, coaching and mentoring, is promising.

Psychiatric Nurses' Knowledge and Practice Barriers to Administering Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) Antipsychotics in Taiwan: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Long-acting antipsychotic injections require that psychiatric nurses choose the proper injection site and technique to avoid harming patients. This research conducted a mixed-method study to examine the long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) knowledge, practice, and administrative barriers in a sample of 269 psychiatric nurses from 3 public psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan. Self-report questionnaires showed female nurses exhibiting higher scores and older nurses demonstrating more knowledge. The dorsogluteal (DG) site was the most widely used for injections, with 57.6% of nurses using the Z-track method. Qualitative data analysis was performed on 20 psychiatric nurses who chose the DG site as their preferred injection site. There were two key themes. The first was a gap between the nurses' knowledge of LAI administration and their actual practice. The second needed more confidence and training in using the ventrogluteal injection site. These results highlight the need for continued education and training to improve LAI practice among psychiatric nurses.

The effects of sport, setting, and demographics on sunscreen use and education in young athletes

ABSTRACT Participation in outdoor sports increases exposure to ultraviolet radiation, necessitating mitigation through sunscreen use. This prospective study examined the effects of sport, setting (practice vs. competition), gender, age and geographic location on sunscreen use and education among youth athletes in various sports. Six hundred and twelve athletes ≤18 years old completed an online survey on sunscreen education and use during competitions and practices. Regardless of sport, reported sunscreen use was higher during practices than competition (p < 0.0001). Sunscreen was used most by swimmers/divers (odds ratio: OR ≥ 1.9, p < 0.001) and least by American football players (OR ≤ 0.57, p ≤ 0.001). Coaches mentioned sunscreen use the most in track and field (OR 1.84, p = 0.001) and the least in American football (OR 0.67, p = 0.03). Athletes used sunscreen more if they were female (OR ≥ 1.9 1.38, p ≤ 0.06) and younger (age OR ≤ 0.88, p < 0.001). In conclusion, youth athletes differ in sunscreen use by sport and setting, highlighting the need for continued photoprotective education.